Visual Orientational Anisotropy and Stimulus Surround Effects in Discrimination of Spatial Numerosity

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-438
Author(s):  
Eugene C. Lechelt ◽  
Gordon Tanne
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Stimulus Field ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Numerosity Perception

Visual spatial numerosity perception was investigated as a function of spatial orientation and surround conditions. 3 to 13 dots arranged linearly in horizontal, vertical, or oblique orientations were presented for 200 msec. in either a square or circular stimulus field. For patterns with small numbers of dots (3 to 7), surround and orientation conditions did not substantially alter perceived number except vertical arrangements were judged as having reliably more dots than identical horizontal arrangements. For large dot-number patterns (8 to 13), surround significantly altered perceived number and left oblique linear arrangements were judged to have reliably more dots than equivalent arrangements in all other orientations.

scholarly journals Visual-Spatial Orientation, Gaze Direction and Dichotic Listening Asymmetries

Cortex ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Hynd ◽  
Jeffrey Snow ◽  
W. Grant Willis
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Gaze Direction ◽  
Visual Spatial

scholarly journals Visual-spatial Skills and Mathematics Content Conceptualisation for Pre-service Teachers

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-241
Author(s):  
Chipo Makamure ◽  
Zingiswa M Jojo
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Spatial Skills ◽  
Mathematics Problems ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Coordinate Geometry

Empirical evidence in literature identified significant association between spatial ability and educational performance particularly in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). The purpose of this study was to explore pre-service teachers’ spatial skills in solving mathematics problems, in the context of coordinate geometry. It is envisaged that spatial skills allow for the perception of visual information and, therefore, spatial cognition has been considered as a key skill in teaching mathematics. However, literature asserts that teachers are ill prepared to teach mathematics, hence there is limited use and misuse of spatial skills in teaching the subject. This study, therefore, examines the spatial orientation of pre-service teachers in teaching coordinate geometry. This is a mixed methods study in which pre-service teachers answered a coordinate geometry test to explore their content knowledge and their ability to interpret, analyse and apply visual spatial models to solve mathematical problems in coordinate geometry. The study established that the spatial orientation skills of pre-service teachers determine their performance in mathematics, especially coordinate geometry.

scholarly journals The relationship between numerosity perception and mathematics ability in adults: the moderating role of dots number

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12660
Author(s):  
Ji Sun ◽  
Pei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Set Switching ◽  
Mathematics Ability ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Numerosity Perception ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Inhibition Ability

Background It has been proposed that numerosity perception is the cognitive underpinning of mathematics ability. However, the existence of the association between numerosity perception and mathematics ability is still under debate, especially in adults. The present study examined the relationship between numerosity perception and mathematics ability and the moderating role of dots number (i.e., the numerosity of items in dot set) in adults. Methods Sixty-four adult participants from Anshun University completed behavioral measures that tested numerosity perception of small numbers and large numbers, mathematics ability, inhibition ability, visual-spatial memory, and set-switching ability. Results We found that numerosity perception of small numbers correlated significantly with mathematics ability after controlling the influence of inhibition ability, visual-spatial memory, and set-switching ability, but numerosity perception of large numbers was not related to mathematics ability in adults. Conclusions These findings suggest that the dots number moderates the relationship between numerosity perception and mathematics ability in adults and may contribute to explaining the contradictory findings in the previous literature about the link between numerosity perception and mathematics ability.

Mental object rotation in Parkinson's disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1078-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
GREGORY P. CRUCIAN ◽  
ANNA M. BARRETT ◽  
DAVID W. BURKS ◽  
ALONSO R. RIESTRA ◽  
HEIDI L. ROTH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Floor Effect ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Mental Rotations

Deficits in visual-spatial ability can be associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), and there are several possible reasons for these deficits. Dysfunction in frontal–striatal and/or frontal–parietal systems, associated with dopamine deficiency, might disrupt cognitive processes either supporting (e.g., working memory) or subserving visual-spatial computations. The goal of this study was to assess visual–spatial orientation ability in individuals with PD using the Mental Rotations Test (MRT), along with other measures of cognitive function. Non-demented men with PD were significantly less accurate on this test than matched control men. In contrast, women with PD performed similarly to matched control women, but both groups of women did not perform much better than chance. Further, mental rotation accuracy in men correlated with their executive skills involving mental processing and psychomotor speed. In women with PD, however, mental rotation accuracy correlated negatively with verbal memory, indicating that higher mental rotation performance was associated with lower ability in verbal memory. These results indicate that PD is associated with visual–spatial orientation deficits in men. Women with PD and control women both performed poorly on the MRT, possibly reflecting a floor effect. Although men and women with PD appear to engage different cognitive processes in this task, the reason for the sex difference remains to be elucidated. (JINS, 2003, 9, 1078–1087.)

Tactile influences on astronaut visual spatial orientation: human neurovestibular studies on SLS-2

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Young ◽  
J. C. Mendoza ◽  
N. Groleau ◽  
P. W. Wojcik
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Internal Reference ◽  
Intrinsic Signals ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Induced Motion ◽  
Tactile Cues ◽  
Perceptual Styles ◽  
New Phenomena

Human spatial orientation in spaceflight is initially disturbed by the absence of usable graviceptor information from the otolithic organs. Experiments measuring astronaut visually induced motion (vection) strength on various flight days during the first 10 days of the Spacelab Life Sciences-2 mission demonstrated two new phenomena in addition to confirming the initial increased weighting of visual and localized tactile cues. The reliance on tactile and visual noninertial cues apparently declined after a week in space, as the crew became able to utilize their internal reference frame. Subjects also showed that even nondirectional tactile cues served as a direction anchor and inhibited visually induced roll sensation relative to a new loosely tethered test condition. Individual perceptual styles were again revealed among the four astronauts tested. The readaptation to 1 G similarly shows a period of reinterpretation of inertial and visual cues to spatial orientation. The results are discussed in terms of an internal-model representation of body orientation, with time-varying weights applied to extrinsic and intrinsic signals.

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