Developmental Study of Short-Term Memory Characteristics for Kinesthetic Movement Information

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 649-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan A. Ashby
Keyword(s):  
Delay Interval ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Performance Accuracy ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Memory Characteristics

The present experiment was designed to examine age-related characteristics of short-term retention of kinesthetic movement information. 20 children from each age group (6, 8, 10 yr.) were tested for recall of kinesthetic end-location. The results indicate that 6- and 8-yr.-old children became less accurate and more variable in recall performance following a delay interval. However, 10-yr.-old children were capable of maintaining performance accuracy during a delay interval.

Perceptual Organization and Grouping Factors: Age Related Effects

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-174
Author(s):  
Darryl G. Humphrey ◽  
Arthur F. Kramer ◽  
Sheryl S. Gore
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Perceptual Organization ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Partial Report ◽  
Visual Environment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory ◽  
Information Displays ◽  
Age Related

Older adults have evidenced a poorer ability to use grouping factors in such tasks as Embedded Figures, Incomplete Figures, and partial report. Difficulties in disambiguating the findings of these studies has left unanswered the cause of this age-related difference. By taking into account age-related differences in visual short-term memory, the results of the current study suggest that older adults maintain the ability to capitalize on the perceptual organization of the visual environment as a means of facilitating recall performance. These results have implications for the design of information displays, product labels, codes, and instructions.

scholarly journals Syntax, morphosyntax, and serial recall: How language supports short-term memory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Schweppe ◽  
Friederike Schütte ◽  
Franziska Machleb ◽  
Marie Hellfritsch
Keyword(s):  
Serial Recall ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Term Retention

AbstractIn the classic view of verbal short-term memory, immediate recall is achieved by maintaining phonological representations, while the influence of other linguistic information is negligible. According to language-based accounts, short-term retention of verbal material is inherently bound to language production and comprehension, thus also influenced by semantic or syntactic factors. In line with this, serial recall is better when lists are presented in a canonical word order for English rather than in a noncanonical order (e.g., when adjectives precede nouns rather than vice versa; Perham et al., 2009, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62[7], 1285–1293). However, in many languages, grammaticality is not exclusively determined by word order. In German, an adjective–noun sequence is grammatical only if the adjective is inflected in congruence with the noun’s person, number, and grammatical gender. Therefore, we investigated whether similar effects of syntactic word order occur in German. In two modified replications of Perham et al.’s study, we presented lists of three pairs of adjectives and nouns, presented in adjective–noun or in noun–adjective order. In addition, we manipulated morphosyntactic congruence between nouns and adjectives within pairs (Exp. 1: congruently inflected vs. uninflected adjectives; Exp. 2: congruently inflected vs. incongruently inflected adjectives). Both experiments show an interaction: Word order affected recall performance only when adjectives were inflected in congruence with the corresponding noun. These findings are in line with language-based models and indicate that, in a language that determines grammaticality in an interplay of syntactic and morphosyntactic factors, word order alone is not sufficient to improve verbal short-term memory.

Auditory comprehension and aging: Decline in syntactic processing

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loraine K. Obler ◽  
Deborah Fein ◽  
Marjorie Nicholas ◽  
Martin L. Albert
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Syntactic Processing ◽  
Auditory Comprehension ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mental Control ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Neuropsychological Tasks

ABSTRACTComprehension of six syntactic structures was tested across four age groups. Each structure was presented with both plausible and implausible content. The contribution of cognitive nonlinguistic factors important for comprehension (attention, short-term memory, and mental control) was tested via standard neuropsychological tasks. Sixty-six women aged 30–79 were tested. Both errors and reaction times increased with age, especially for more complex syntactic types and implausible sentences. The neuropsychological factors tested contributed minimally to an age-related decline in comprehension, suggesting that the subtle breakdown seen in syntactic processing may be a language-specific impairment.

scholarly journals Measuring Visual, Spatial, and Visual Spatial Short-Term Memory in Schoolchildren: Studying the Influence of Demographic Factors and Regression-Based Normative Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-131
Author(s):  
A. Toornstra ◽  
P. P. M. Hurks ◽  
W. Van der Elst ◽  
G. Kok ◽  
L. M. G. Curfs
Keyword(s):  
Parental Education ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Spatial Span ◽  
Paired Associates ◽  
Visual Spatial

Abstract The study aims to establish demographically corrected norms for three computerized tasks measuring different aspects of visual short-term memory (VSTM) in Ukrainian schoolchildren. These tasks measure respectively visual STM (the Pattern Recognition Memory (PRM) test), spatial STM (the Spatial Span (SSP) task), and visual spatial STM (the Paired Associates Learning (PAL) task). All tasks were administered to n = 186 children aged 5.10 years to 14.5 years old to evaluate the influence of demographic variables. Relevant demographic factors that influence task scores (VSTM), i.e., age and level of parental education, are identified and in keeping with the current literature. No sex differences were found. Based on these data, regression-based, demographically corrected norms were established per task. This approach to constructing norms differs from how (worldwide) PRM, SSP, and/or PAL norms have been constructed traditionally. In the latter approach, norms are calculated for each age group separately and without correcting for level of parental education, whereas in the regression-based normative method, multiple regression models are used to compute the expected test scores of an individual (rather than the subgroup means that are used in the traditional approach). Consequently, the regression-based norms for the PRM, SSP, and PAL presented in this paper are individualized, taking into account the unique characteristics of the individual that is tested on these tasks. Last, the confidence intervals of the PRM scores of the Ukrainian schoolchildren and the western norm group largely overlapped, except for the youngest age group, which adds to the literature about cultural effects on cognition.

Visual Short-Term Memory, Age, and Imaging Ability

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Adamowicz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Visual Masking ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Stimulus Complexity ◽  
Verbal Intelligence ◽  
Response Delay ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory ◽  
Age Related

Visual short-term memory of young and older adults was studied in relation to imaging ability. Both recall and recognition memory tasks were used and additional variables included stimulus complexity and response delay (recognition tasks) and stimulus complexity and visual masking (recall tasks). Young and older participants were matched on visual discrimination, verbal intelligence, and imaging ability. Stimuli consisted of abstract visual patterns. Age-related decrements in recognition and recall were observed but performance was related to imaging ability only with recall tasks and only for older adults. The results were discussed with reference to mediational strategies and locus of occurrence of age-related decrements in short-term memory.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document