Residual Effect of Delayed Auditory Feedback on Normal Speaking Rate and Fluency

1984 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Ham ◽  
Donald Fucci ◽  
James Cantrell ◽  
Daniel Harris
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Normal Speaking

The present study was designed to investigate possible residual effects of delayed auditory feedback on paragraph readings performed by normal speaking college students. No residual effect was shown under any of the experimental conditions employed.

Effects of Five Experimental Treatments on Stuttering

1979 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Martin ◽  
Samuel K. Haroldson
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Treatment Change ◽  
Noise Condition ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Change Scores ◽  
Time Out ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Twenty adult stutterers were exposed to each of five experimental treatments: time-out, noise, delayed auditory feedback (DAF), “wrong” and metronome. In each session a subject spoke for 20 minutes without treatment (baserate) followed by 30 minutes in one of the five experimental conditions. Before the five treatment sessions, subjects accomplished three pre-experimental tasks: expectancy, changeability, and adaptation tasks. Percent stuttering decreased significantly in all conditions, and stuttering duration reduced significantly in all but the noise condition. The amount of reduction in percent stuttering from baserate to treatment (change score) in time-out was positively related to the change scores in DAF and metronome. Change scores in metronome were positively related to change scores in time-out and “wrong.” Percent stuttering change scores in noise, DAF, and “wrong” were essentially unrelated. Stuttering duration change scores were related only for the time-out and DAF, and metronome and DAF conditions. In general, the pre-experimental expectancy, changeability, and adaptation scores were unrelated to change scores in any of the experimental conditions. Words spoken per minute did not change significantly from baserate to treatment for any experimental condition except time-out.

Quantitative Electroencephalogram of Posterior Cortical Areas of Fluent and Stuttering Participants during Reading with Normal and Altered Auditory Feedback

1998 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 623-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Rastatter ◽  
Andrew Stuart ◽  
Joseph Kalinowski
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Current Dipole ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Quantitative Electroencephalogram ◽  
Feedback Data

In the left and right hemisphere, posterior quantitative electroencephalogram Beta band activity (13.5–25.5 Hz) of seven adult participants who stutter and seven age-matched normal controls was obtained while subjects read text under three experimental conditions of normal auditory feedback, delayed auditory feedback, and frequency-altered feedback. Data were obtained from surface electrodes affixed to the scalp using a commercial electrode cap. Electroencephalogram activity was amplified, band-pass analog-filtered, and then digitized. During nonaltered auditory feedback, stuttering participants displayed Beta band hyperreactivity, with the right temporal-parietal lobe region showing the greatest activity. Under conditions of delayed auditory feedback and frequency-altered auditory feedback, the stuttering participants displayed a decrease in stuttering behavior accompanied by a strong reduction in Beta activity for the posterior-temporal-parietal electrode sites, and the left hemisphere posterior sites evidenced a larger area of reactivity. Such findings suggest than an alteration in the electrical fields of the cortex occurred in the stuttering participants under both conditions, possibly reflecting changes in neurogenerator status or current dipole activity. Further, one could propose that stuttering reflects an anomaly of the sensory-linguistic motor integration wherein each hemisphere generates competing linguistic messages at hyperreactive amplitudes.

Delayed Auditory Feedback and the Speech of Stuttering and Non-Stuttering Children

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly A. Timmons ◽  
James P. Boudreau
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Feedback Condition ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Difference Scores ◽  
Delay Times ◽  
Speaking Task

25 male stutterers and 25 male non-stutterers matched by age and speaking task, read or recited under normal and 113-, 226-, 306-, 413-, 520-msec. delayed auditory feedback conditions. Changes in speaking rate and disfluency count from normal to each delayed auditory feedback condition were calculated as indicators of reaction to delayed auditory feedback. Using an analysis of variance of difference scores for speaking rate, no significant differences were found between stutterers and non-stutterers or among the delays. An analysis of variance of disfluency difference scores showed no differences between stutterers and non-stutterers. Significant differences in disfluency reaction among delay times were found.

Age, Sex, and Delay Time as Factors Affecting Reaction to Delayed Auditory Feedback

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly A. Timmons ◽  
James P. Boudreau
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Delay Time ◽  
Feedback Condition ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Nursery Rhyme ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Post Hoc

Five groups of 10 males and 10 females each, aged 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 yr., recited a nursery rhyme under normal delay and 113-, 226-, 306-, 403-, and 520-msec delayed auditory-feedback conditions. Speaking rate and disfluency count changes from normal delay to each delayed auditory feedback condition were calculated as indicators of reaction to delayed auditory feedback. Analyses of variance and post hoc comparisons indicated that 5-yr.-olds reacted with greater change in rate at 520-msec. delayed auditory feedback than did older subjects. Five- and 7-yr.-olds were more disfluent at 413- and 520-msec. delayed auditory feedback than were older subjects. Sex differences were found in the 7-, 11-, and 13-yr.-old groups, using speaking rate as a measure of delayed auditory-feedback reaction. No significant sex differences were noted when disfluencies were used as indicators of delayed auditory-feedback reaction.

Spectrographic Study of Vowels in Stutterers' Fluent Speech

1982 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Klich ◽  
Gaylene M. May
Keyword(s):  
Normal Condition ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Vowel Production ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Fluent Speech ◽  
Formant Frequencies ◽  
Masking Noise

Measurements were made of the formant frequencies and formant transitions associated with the vowels/i/,/æ/ and /u/ produced by seven moderate-to-severe stutterers when they read fluently in a control (normal) condition and under four experimental conditions: masking noise, delayed auditory feedback, rhythmic pacing, and whispering. The first and second formantfrequencies in an isolated/hVd/context were more centralized than those reported for nonstutterers. The formant frequencies were centralized even more in reading, but varied little across conditions despite changes in fluency, speaking rates, and vowel duration. Duration and rate of formant transitions also were essentially the same across conditions. These findings and those reported in other studies indicate that stutterers' vowel production is more restricted, spatially and temporally, than nonstutterers'.

Delayed Auditory Feedback Effects on Twenty-Four-Hour Retention of Prose

1969 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Jefferey Kravetz
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feedback Effects ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback

2 groups of 10 college students read prose material aloud into a microphone; one group received delayed auditory feedback. The accuracy of written recalls obtained 24 hr. later was superior for the control group ( P < .05). This fails to confirm a hypothesis offered by King and Dodge and suggested by Walker's action decrement theory.

Delayed Auditory Feedback with Different Delay Times at Each Ear

1964 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-371
Author(s):  
Samuel Fillenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Delay Interval ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Delay Times

Binaurally asynchronous delayed auditory feedback (DAF) was compared with synchronous DAF in 80 normal subjects. Asynchronous DAF (0.10 sec difference) did not yield results different from those obtained under synchronous DAF with a 0.20 sec delay interval, an interval characteristically resulting in maximum disruptions in speech.

Concanavalin A-induced Aggregation of Human Blood Platelets

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (02) ◽  
pp. 354-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinrich Patscheke ◽  
Reinhard Brossmer
Keyword(s):  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Con A ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryConcanavalin A (CON A) causes platelets to aggregate. A Ca++-independent effect of CON A could be separated from a main effect which depends on Ca++. The main effect probably is a consequence of the CON A-induced platelet release reaction and therefore is platelet-specific. The weak residual effect observed in the presence of Na2EDTA may be due to a similar mechanism as has been demonstrated for CON A-induced aggregations of several other normal and malignant transformed animal cells.Na2EDTA did not inhibit the carbohydrate-specific binding capacity of CON A. Therefore, Na2EDTA appears not to demineralize the CON A molecules under these experimental conditions.α-methyl-D-glucoside inhibits the Ca++-independent as well as the Ca++-dependent effect of CON A.Pretreatment by neuraminidase stimulated the platelet aggregation induced by CON A. It is possible that removal of terminal sialic acid residues makes additional receptors accessible for the binding of CON A.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document