Consciousness and Abilities of Dream Characters Observed during Lucid Dreaming

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Tholey
Keyword(s):  
Lucid Dreaming ◽  
Dream Therapy ◽  
Dream Characters ◽  
Unknown Words ◽  
Specific Sense ◽  
As If

A description of several phenomenological experiments is given. These were done to investigate of which cognitive accomplishments dream characters are capable in lucid dreams. Nine male experienced lucid dreamers participated as subjects. They were directed to set different tasks to dream characters they met while lucid dreaming. Dream characters were asked to draw or write, to name unknown words, to find rhyme words, to make verses, and to solve arithmetic problems. Part of the dream characters actually agreed to perform the tasks and were successful, although the arithmetic accomplishments were poor. From the phenomenological findings, nothing contradicts the assumption that dream characters have consciousness in a specific sense. Herefrom the conclusion was drawn, that in lucid dream therapy communication with dream characters should be handled as if they were rational beings. Finally, several possibilities of assessing the question, whether dream characters possess consciousness, can be examined with the aid of psychophysiological experiments.

Community and Territorial Belonging

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Gasparini
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Community Belonging ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Specific Sense ◽  
Community Space ◽  
As If

AbstractThe author conducts an analysis of the theoretical dimensions of territorial belonging mainly as linked to identity in a broad sense and to community in a specific sense. The initial hypothesis is that belonging is an active feeling of attachment to something outside of self and that this something is made up of at least three elements: territory, values and social-relations. The author investigates belonging at five levels, with increasing explanatory power, allowing for its reconceptualisation. While in a closed community belonging is strongly infused with a territorial component, with values and rules and with social relations, as communities open up there is a progressive weakening of the value component and social-relations component. There remains, now unique and specific, only the territorial component of the community, and its features, however, tend to be symbolic (of spaces), emotional and sign-related. In more general terms the primary source of territorial belonging is the “cosmosemics” of the community space ‐ this term referring to the organisation of space as if to a coordinated whole of characteristics of an absolutely “true” and “necessary” universe. We may thus speak of urban, mountain, maritime and lowland cosmosemics, and so forth.

Improvement of an artificial test substrate technique for evaluation of em immunocytochemical labeling

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 762-763
Author(s):  
G. D. Gagne ◽  
M. F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Artificial Substrate ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
As If

We recently described an artificial substrate system which could be used to optimize labeling parameters in EM immunocytochemistry (ICC). The system utilizes blocks of glutaraldehyde polymerized bovine serum albumin (BSA) into which an antigen is incorporated by a soaking procedure. The resulting antigen impregnated blocks can then be fixed and embedded as if they are pieces of tissue and the effects of fixation, embedding and other parameters on the ability of incorporated antigen to be immunocyto-chemically labeled can then be assessed. In developing this system further, we discovered that the BSA substrate can also be dried and then sectioned for immunolabeling with or without prior chemical fixation and without exposing the antigen to embedding reagents. The effects of fixation and embedding protocols can thus be evaluated separately.

As-If Test

1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore R. Sarbin ◽  
Donal S. Jones
Keyword(s):  
As If

From Container to Claustrum: Projective Identification in Couples

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Projective Identification ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intimate Partners ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
As If

This paper is a contribution to the growing literature on the role of projective identification in understanding couples' dynamics. Projective identification as a defence is well suited to couples, as intimate partners provide an ideal location to deposit unwanted parts of the self. This paper illustrates how projective identification functions differently depending on the psychological health of the couple. It elucidates how healthier couples use projective identification more as a form of communication, whereas disturbed couples are inclined to employ it to invade and control the other, as captured by Meltzer's concept of "intrusive identification". These different uses of projective identification affect couples' capacities to provide what Bion called "containment". In disturbed couples, partners serve as what Meltzer termed "claustrums" whereby projections are not contained, but imprisoned or entombed in the other. Applying the concept of claustrum helps illuminate common feelings these couples express, such as feeling suffocated, stifled, trapped, held hostage, or feeling as if the relationship is killing them. Finally, this paper presents treatment challenges in working with more disturbed couples.

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