Newborns Crying in Different Contexts: Discrete or Graded Signals?

1998 ◽  
Vol 86 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1123-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lenti Boero ◽  
C. Bianchi ◽  
C. Volpe ◽  
A. Marcello ◽  
C. Lenti
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Interesting Property ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acoustic Features ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Context Type ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Individual Specificity

The aim of this study was to investigate whether human infants' cries show individually and contextually discriminable acoustic parameters. 20 full-term normal human newborns (aged 1 to 4 days) had their cries recorded during routine blood withdrawal (pain context) 30 min. before a scheduled feeding (hunger context) and when subjected to kinetic stimuli during neurological examination (manipulation context). Type of cries, melodic contours, F0 parameters, but not the “macro” trend of the start of the fundamental frequency, indicated a difference in pain cries in the other two contexts. All the acoustic features considered showed an individual specificity. The peak frequencies of voiceless or partially voiced wails had the interesting property of being optimised as long distance signals. We hypothesised that this feature of infants' cries may have evolved in a time window when the infants were left in collective nurseries and not carried on the mothers' backs as maintained by the traditional view.

BEHAVIORAL STATE AND PLASMA CORTISOL RESPONSE IN THE HUMAN NEWBORN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-537
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Anders ◽  
Edward J. Sachar ◽  
Jacob Kream ◽  
Howard P. Roffwarg ◽  
Leon Hellman
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Human Newborn ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Behavioral States

Four normal human infants were studied on 20 occasions between the first and fifteenth week of their life to assess the relation of four behavioral states (crying, quiet wakefulness, rapid eye movement, and non-rapid eye movement sleep) to plasma cortisol levels. Marked rises in plasma cortisol occurred after 20 minutes of crying. In the other behavioral states, plasma cortisol remained low and relatively constant. The pattern did not change with age, and within the limitations of this study no circadian rhythm was demonstrated. It is suggested that measurement of plasma cortisol can be as useful in psychophysiological investigations in infancy as it has proved to be in the adult.

IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIVITY OF INSULIN IN HUMAN SERUM

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Deckert ◽  
Kai R. Jorgensen
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Pancreas ◽  
Porcine Pancreas ◽  
Crystalline Insulin ◽  
Endogenous Insulin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The One

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a difference could be demonstrated between crystalline insulin extracted from normal human pancreas, and crystalline insulin extracted from bovine and porcine pancreas. Using Hales & Randle's (1963) immunoassay no immunological differences could be demonstrated between human and pig insulin. On the other hand, a significant difference was found, between pig and ox insulin. An attempt was also made to determine whether an immunological difference could be demonstrated between crystalline pig insulin and crystalline human insulin from non diabetic subjects on the one hand and endogenous, circulating insulin from normal subjects, obese subjects and diabetic subjects on the other. No such difference was found. From these experiments it is concluded that endogenous insulin in normal, obese and diabetic human sera is immunologically identical with human, crystalline insulin from non diabetic subjects and crystalline pig insulin.

scholarly journals The molecular mechanism of the inherited phosphofructokinase deficiency associated with hemolysis and myopathy

Blood ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-635
Author(s):  
S Vora ◽  
L Corash ◽  
WK Engel ◽  
S Durham ◽  
C Seaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Heterogeneous Mixture ◽  
Muscle Type ◽  
Crossover Point ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Phosphofructokinase Deficiency ◽  
2,3 Dpg ◽  
Chromatographic Profiles

Normal human erythrocyte phosphofructokinase (ATP:c D-fructose-6, P-1- phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.11; PFK) has recently been shown to consist of a heterogeneous mixture of five tetrameric isozymes: M4, M3L, M2L2, ML3, and L4 (M, muscle type; L, liver type). In the light of these findings, we have investigated the molecular basis of the inherited erythrocyte PFK deficiency associated with myopathy and hemolysis (Tarui disease). The propositus, a 31-yr-old male, suffered from muscle weakness and myoglobinuria on exertion. He showed mild erythrocytosis despite laboratory evidence of hemolysis. In his erythrocytes a metabolic crossover point was found at the level of PFK; 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) was also significantly reduced. The PFK from the patient's erythrocytes consisted exclusively of the L4 isozyme, and there was a complete absence of the other four. The leukocyte and platelet PFKs from the patient showed normal activities, chromatographic profiles, and precipitation with anti-M4 antibody. These studies provide direct evidence that in Tarui disease the M-type subunits are absent; but the liver- and platelet-type subunits of PFK are unaffected. The paradox of mild erythrocytosis despite hemolysis reflects the decreased production of 2,3-DPG.

scholarly journals Replication of Saffran, Johnson, Aslin, & Newport (1999) Statistical learning of tone sequences by human infants and adults, Exp. 1

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara Murdock ◽  
Alyssa Savery ◽  
Kelsey Trimm ◽  
Juliani Vidal ◽  
Joshua K. Hartshorne
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Word Segmentation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Statistical Segmentation

We replicated Exp. 1 of Saffran, Johnson, Newport, & Aslin (1999) Statistical learning of tone sequences by human infants and adults, as part of a multi-year effort to replicate every adult statistical word segmentation study. While we were able to replicate the finding of above- chance statistical segmentation of tone sequences, many of the other findings reported in the original paper did not replicate.

scholarly journals Evolution of andrenine bees reveals a long and complex history of faunal interchanges between the Americas during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelli S Ramos ◽  
Aline C Martins ◽  
Gabriel A R Melo
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Distributional Pattern ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Early Diversification ◽  
Palearctic Region ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Times ◽  
Dated Phylogeny

Bees are presumed to have arisen in the early to mid-Cretaceous coincident with the fragmentation of the southern continents and concurrently with the early diversification of the flowering plants. Among the main groups of bees, Andreninae sensu lato comprise about 3000 species widely distributed with greatest and disjunct diversity in arid areas of North America, South America, and the Palearctic region. Here, we present the first comprehensive dated phylogeny and historical biogeographic analysis for andrenine bees, including representatives of all currently recognized tribes. Our analyses rely on a dataset of 106 taxa and 7952 aligned nucleotide positions from one mitochondrial and six nuclear loci. Andreninae is strongly supported as a monophyletic group and the recovered phylogeny corroborates the commonly recognized clades for the group. Thus, we propose a revised tribal classification that is congruent with our phylogenetic results. The time-calibrated phylogeny and ancestral range reconstructions of Andreninae reveal a fascinating evolutionary history with Gondwana patterns that are unlike those observed in other subfamilies of bees. Andreninae arose in South America during the Late Cretaceous around 90 Million years ago (Ma) and the origin of tribes occurred through a relatively long time-window from this age to the Miocene. The early evolution of the main lineages took place in South America until the beginning of Paleocene with North American fauna origin from it and Palearctic from North America as results of multiple lineage interchanges between these areas by long-distance dispersal or hopping through landmass chains. Overall, our analyses provide strong evidence of amphitropical distributional pattern currently observed in Andreninae in the American continent as result at least three periods of possible land connections between the two American landmasses, much prior to the Panama Isthmus closure. The andrenine lineages reached the Palearctic region through four dispersal events from North America during the Eocene, late Oligocene and early Miocene, most probably via the Thulean Bridge. The few lineages with Afrotropical distribution likely originated from a Palearctic ancestral in the Miocene around 10 Ma when these regions were contiguous, and the Sahara Desert was mostly vegetated making feasible the passage by several organisms. Incursions of andrenine bees to North America and then onto the Old World are chronological congruent with distinct periods when open-vegetation habitats were available for trans-continental dispersal and at the times when aridification and temperature decline offered favorable circumstances for bee diversification.

scholarly journals Secretion of β-N-acetylglucosaminidase isoenzymes by normal human fibroblasts

1978 ◽  
Vol 173 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Willcox
Keyword(s):  
Lysosomal Enzyme ◽  
Human Fibroblast ◽  
Lysosomal Enzymes ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normal Human Fibroblast ◽  
Acid Hydrolases ◽  
Human Fibroblast Cultures ◽  
Normal Human

1. Secretion of the lysosomal enzyme beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) by normal human fibroblast cultures was linear with respect to time up to 96h. 2. Two forms of the A isoenzyme of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase were found in the culture medium. One form was similar to the isoenzyme found in other extracellular fluids, such as plasma and tears, the other resembled the intracellular (lysosomal) enzyme. The presence of the two isoenzymes in the culture medium appears to reflect two distinct secretory processes. 3. It is suggested that plasma acid hydrolases may be destined for incorporation into lysosomes in a manner analogous to that described for the packaging of lysosomal enzymes by fibroblasts.

scholarly journals Design and Fabrication of Small Vertical-Take-Off-Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

2018 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 02023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasir Ashraf Abd Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Hajibeigy ◽  
Abdulkareem Shafiq Mahdi Al-Obaidi ◽  
Kean How Cheah
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Flight Tests ◽  
Flight Range ◽  
Horizontal Flight ◽  
Vtol Uav ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Horizontal Thrust

Modern UAVs available in the market have well-developed to cater to the countless field of application. UAVs have their own limitations in terms of flight range and manoeuvrability. The traditional fixed-wing UAVs can fly for long distance but require runways or wide-open spaces for take-off and landing. On the other hand, the more trending multirotor UAVs are extremely manoeuvrable but cannot be used for long-distance flights because of their slower speeds and relatively higher consumption of energy. This study proposed the implementation of hybrid VTOL UAV which has the manoeuvring advantage of a multirotor UAV while having the ability to travel fast to reach a further distance. The design methodology and fabrication method are discussed extensively which would be followed by a number of flight tests to prove the concept. The proposed UAV would be equipped with quadcopter motors and a horizontal thrust motor for vertical and horizontal flight modes respectively.

Pointing, Rainbows, and the Archaeology of Mind

Anthropos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-162
Author(s):  
Robert Blust
Keyword(s):  
Index Finger ◽  
The Other ◽  
Geographical Region ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Other World

For over a century anthropologists and folklorists have sporadically recorded a belief that one should not point at a rainbow, lest the offending finger become permanently bent, rot, be supernaturally severed, fall off, etc. In each case the belief was reported for a particular geographical region without apparent awareness of its presence elsewhere, and in no case was an explanation for this curious idea proposed. This paper documents what is called the “Rainbow Taboo” as a global phenomenon, found among peoples of quite varied cultural backgrounds, and it argues that the universality of the belief is a product of the interaction of two independent cognitive elements: an apparently innate sense that the rainbow is associated with the “other world,” and, secondly, a similar sense that pointing with the index finger is aggressive, and should not be used either in normal human interactions or more particularly against the supernatural.

Studies on the Nature of the Plasma Erythropoietic Factor(s)

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-581
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Normal Human Plasma ◽  
Erythropoietic Activity ◽  
Cellular Division ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Hemoglobin Variability ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Hemopoietic Tissue ◽  
Blood Formation ◽  
Normal Human

In recent years the existence of a humoral factor or factors which stimulate erythropoietic activity has been demonstrated. The present paper reports further studies on the nature of this erythropoietic factor or factors. The author's studies indicate that there are at least two humoral erythropoietic facts. One is heat stable and appears to exert its effects upon cellular division of erythrocyte precursers in the marrow. The other factor is relatively thermolabile and exerts its effect through augmentation of incorporation of iron into hemoglobin. Variability in experimental results which have been reported in studies of the humoral erythropoietic factor may, in the authors' opinion, be due to differences in the material being studied (in content of these factors depending upon how the material being tested was prepared). These humoral factors are present in normal human plasma which suggests that they are involved in the maintenance of normal blood formation. Increased amounts of these factors in plasma in some anemias may be the result of local tissue hypoxia. In polycythemia vera the humoral factors may be of pathogenetic importance. The factors do not appear to be formed in hemopoietic tissue; the kidney has been suggested as a possible locus of formation.

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