Criteria for sportswear preference of Turkish runners

Nowadays, while the importance of doing sports for a healthy life is spreading all over the world, consumers expect someperformance and functional properties from sports products. It is expected that the sportswear must be in harmony withthe body, do not create discomfort and do not affect the performance. The comfort of sportswear is an important criterionthat affects the performance and motivates the athlete. There are dynamic and fundamental changes in the preferencesof sports people with the change in the context; type of sports, the geography they live in, season, climate, their cultural,demographic and anthropologic characteristics, etc. While offering sportswear products to the market, brands shouldpay attention not only to quality parameters, but also to these criteria.This article aims to determine Turkish runners’ sportswear preference criteria and expectations that are evaluatedagainst past experiences and present desires. For the study, data were collected from 195 runners and statisticallyanalyzed. With the data obtained from the questionnaires, the runner and running habits were analyzed, the perspectiveof sportswear shopping and purchasing preference criteria, sportswear size and fit issues, evaluation of the fabricproperties, and the demands of the runners for sportswear were determined.This research gives resourceful information for sportswear manufacturers and comfort researchers since the compiledconsumer feedback from runners provide tools for product improvement to enhance utility

EXPRESS: The Influence of Social Anxiety-Provoking Contexts on Context Reinstatement Effects

The context reinstatement (CR) effect is the finding that target stimuli are better remembered when presented in the same context as during initial encoding, compared to a different context. It remains unclear, however, whether emotional features of the context affect this memory benefit. In two experiments, we investigated whether the anxiety-provoking nature of a context scene might influence the CR benefit to memory. During encoding, participants viewed target faces paired with scenes validated as either highly anxiety-provoking or not, half of which contained other faces embedded within the scene. During retrieval, target faces were presented again with either the same or a new context scene. In Experiment 1, the expected CR benefit was observed when the contexts were low-anxiety scenes or high-anxiety scenes without embedded faces. In contrast, the CR benefit was absent when the contexts were high-anxiety scenes containing embedded faces. In Experiment 2, to determine whether the presence of embedded faces or anxiety level of scenes drove the reduced CR effect, we included an additional context type: low-anxiety scenes with embedded faces. Once again, the CR benefit was absent only when the context scene was highly anxiety-provoking with embedded faces: reinstating this context type failed to benefit memory for targets. Results suggest that the benefit to target memory via reinstating a context depends critically on emotional characteristics of the reinstated context.

The foreign language effect in bilingualism: Examining prosocial sentiment after offense taking

This study examines whether the foreign language effect mitigates reactions to value-inconsistent sociopolitical content. We examined 69 English–Spanish bilinguals and 31 Spanish–English heritage bilinguals, half of whom did the experiment in their native language and half in their second language. Participants were administered a survey in which trial emotiveness was manipulated by using the quantifiers some and all (e.g., Some Trump supporters are racists vs. All Trump supporters are racists). The some-types (n = 30) served as a baseline for the all-types (n = 30). After each target, participants rated their willingness to be prosocial (e.g., holding the door for a stranger) on a scale of 1–7, 1 being totally agree and 7 being totally disagree. Our results suggest that processing emotional information in a second language is less emotional than in a first language and that such a decrease in emotionality results in the neutralization of offense taken. However, individual differences in linguistic profiles across participants, as well as contextual framing, lead to discrete value judgments. Proficiency, learner type, political affiliation, and context type affect willingness to engage in prosocial behavior. As a group, the bilinguals showed no decrease in their willingness to engage in such behaviors, regardless of context type; speakers of higher proficiency and stronger political values increase prosocial sentiment; and lower proficiency and weaker views lead to neutral prosocial sentiment.

Nondefinitivity of Poetic Text Units in View of Intertextuality Theory

The article considers the problem of finding unmarked intertextual units in fiction. The typology of intertextual relations is represented. These relations are divided into autotextuality, paratextuality, intextuality and archtextuality. Intertextual units are viewed as marked and unmarked ones. The phenomenon of intertextual crosslinking and the exchange of contexts between identical address texts units is discussed. The pattern of nondefinitivity is researched. It is divided into three subpatterns: the context type (explicit / implicit), valance, intertextual potential. A textual unit being in the implicit context has several dictionary and non-dictionary meanings at the same time. A textual unit being in the explicit context has only one dictionary meaning. Valance is discussed from the perspective of the textual aspect. The terms of polysemy and multisense are defined and differentiated. Intertextual potential bases on the examples of well-known and unknown texts, which are linked together by intertextual units. On the other hand, intertextual potential bases on the examples of references to a referent with the use of personal pronouns and common nouns, which do not nominate a person or an object. An unmarked unit of intertextuality has the following features: the implicit type of context, polysemy, intertextual potential equals to 1. The works of R. Frost, R. Lowell, L. Hughes, W. Blake, E. E. Cummings provide practical material, which illustrates the pattern of nondefinitivity.

Virtual Reality and Immersive Environments on Sensory Perception of Chocolate Products: A Preliminary Study

Traditional booths where sensory evaluation usually takes place are highly controlled and therefore have limited ecological validity. Since virtual reality (VR) is substantially interactive and engaging, it has the potential to be applied in sensory science. In this preliminary study, three chocolate types (milk, white, and dark) were evaluated under three contextual settings, including sensory booths (control) and two VR environments (360-degree videos using VR headsets: (i) a pleasant sightseeing tour, and (ii) a live music concert). Untrained participants (n = 67) were asked to rate their liking and the intensity of different chocolate attributes based on the 9-point hedonic scale and just-about-right-scale (JAR). Emotions were evaluated using the check-all-that-apply (CATA) method. Results showed that there were no significant effects of context type on the tasting experience; however, there were significant effects of chocolate type. Milk and white chocolates were preferred over dark chocolate irrespective of the context type. Additionally, more positive emotions were elicited for the dark chocolate in the “virtual live concert” environment. Dark chocolate under the other two environments was associated with negative emotional terms, such as “bored” and “worried.” In terms of more reliable and ecologically valid sensory responses, further research is needed to match suitable VR environments to different chocolate types.

Educational institutions as a field for speech-language-hearing research: an analysis of publications in brazilian journals

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze and characterize the speech-language-hearing publications that have Brazilian educational institutions as their field. Methods: all the national active and inactive speech-language-hearing journals were accessed to analyze the titles and abstracts of all articles that referred to research in educational institutions. Articles addressing speech-language-hearing issues, developed in educational institutions, and published in the journals analyzed were selected. The articles found were categorized and analyzed. The categories considered the journal of publication, year of publication, the speech-language-hearing field of knowledge they approached, research context/type of educational institution, target audience, and procedures conducted in the educational institutions. Then, a descriptive statistical analysis was carried out. Results: the largest amount of research made in Brazilian educational institutions was published in CEFAC, in 2015. Such studies were mainly related to the field of language, most of them conducted with elementary school students, to collect data on their assessment and/or diagnosis. Conclusion: national speech-language-hearing research conducted in educational institutions has privileged practices in the fields of language and voice, in elementary school, with students and teachers.

Gaining a Voice: Storytelling and Undocumented Youth Activism in Chicago*

In recent years, undocumented youth have come out of the shadows to claim their rights in the United States. By sharing their stories, these youth gained a voice in the public debate. This article integrates insights from the literature on narratives and emotions to study how story-telling is employed within the undocumented youth movement in Chicago. I argue that undocumented youth strategically use storytelling for diverging purposes depending on the context, type of interaction, and audience involved. Based on ethnographic research, I show that storytelling allows them to incorporate new members, mobilize constituencies, and legitimize grievances. In each of these contexts, emotions play a key role in structuring the social transaction between storyteller and audience. Storytelling is thus a community-building, mobilizing, and claims-making practice in social movements. At a broader level, this case study demonstrates the power of storytelling as a political tool for marginalized populations.