Partial Delay and Partial Reinforcement Effects on Resistance to Continuous Delay: Some Effects of Sequential Manipulations

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 827-834
Author(s):  
Dennis G. Dyck ◽  
Roger L. Mellgren ◽  
Bruce Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Learning ◽  
Straight Alley ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement ◽  
Sequential Theory ◽  
Partial Delay ◽  
Continuous Delay ◽  
Partial Reinforcement Training

Rats were trained in a straight-alley runway in two replications of 24 rats each. Two groups received partial reinforcement training with one or three successive nonreward trials (N-length), two groups received partial delay training with one and three successive delayed trials (D-length), and two additional groups received immediate continuous reinforcement. Following training all groups were shifted to continuous delay. The results indicated that D-length increased resistance to continuous delay, however, N-length did not have the corresponding effect. The performance of both N-length groups equalled that of the D-length 3 group, but the D-length 1 group was inferior and not different from the continuously reinforced control groups. These results were discussed in terms of Capaldi's (1967) sequential theory of instrumental learning.

Partial Reinforcement and Partial Delay of Reinforcement Effects with 72-Hour Intertrial Intervals and Interpolated Continuous Reinforcement

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Rashotte ◽  
C. Thomas Surridge
Keyword(s):  
Straight Runway ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement ◽  
The Third ◽  
Partial Delay ◽  
Delay Of Reinforcement ◽  
Group A

Three groups of rats ran 108 trials in a straight runway, one trial every 3 days. On the first 44 trials, one group received continuous (and immediate) reinforcement (CRF), a second group 50 per cent partial reinforcement (PRF), and the third group a 50 per cent schedule of partial delay of reinforcement (PDR). All groups received CRF on the next 20 trials, and extinction on the last 44 trials. The PRF and PDR groups extinguished at approximately the same rate, and significantly more slowly than the CRF group.

scholarly journals Partial Reinforcement Reduces Vulnerability to Anti-anxiety Self-medication During Appetitive Extinction

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Manzo ◽  
M. José Gómez ◽  
José E. Callejas-Aguilera ◽  
Alberto Fernández-Teruel ◽  
Mauricio R. Papini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preference Test ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Continuous Control ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Oral Consumption ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Partial Reinforcement Training ◽  
Roman Low Avoidance ◽  
Roman High Avoidance

Inbred rats from the Roman low-avoidance strain (RLA-I), but not from the Roman high-avoidance strain (RHA-I) increased preference for ethanol after being exposed to sessions of appetitive extinction (Manzo et al. Physiol Behav 2014 123:86-92). RLA-I rats have shown greater sensitivity than RHA-I rats to a variety of anxiogenic situations, including those involving reward loss. Such increased fluid preference did not occur after acquisition (reinforced) sessions or in control groups with postsession access to water, rather than ethanol. Because ethanol has anxiolytic properties in tasks involving reward loss, oral consumption after extinction sessions was interpreted as anti-anxiety or emotional self-medication (ESM). The present research was an attempt to reduce or eliminate the ESM effect in RLA-I rats by giving them 50% partial reinforcement training during the acquisition of an instrumental response, a treatment known to induce resilience to loss-induced anxiety. As expected, partially reinforced RLA-I rats showed a higher resistance to extinction in comparison to continuously reinforced animals, displaying lower ethanol consumption than continuously reinforced rats during the postsession preference test. Partial and continuous control groups receiving water during the preference tests showed no changes in preference. These results suggest that exposure to reward uncertainty typical of partial reinforcement training can reduce ESM in rats genetically selected for high levels of anxiety.

Perseveration of the Partial Reinforcement Effect in Extinction with Rats over Two Phases of Extinction and Two Stages of Continuous Reinforcement

2007 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Calef ◽  
Michael C. Choban ◽  
Katherine R. Glenney ◽  
Ruth A. Calef ◽  
Erik Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Straight Alley ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Two Stages

One group of 10 male albino rats was given partial reinforcement while the other 10 rats received continuous reinforcement in a straight alley. Subjects then experienced five consecutive stages of Extinction 1, Continuous Reinforcement 1, Extinction 2, Continuous Reinforcement 2, and finally, Extinction 3. Analysis showed the partial reinforcement effect in extinction was sustained over two stages of extinction and two stages of continuous reinforcement, since subjects receiving partial reinforcement ran faster than rats given continuous reinforcement throughout all three of the extinction periods. The results seem to support those of Amsel's (1967) and Capaldi's (1967) theoretical formulations of the partial reinforcement effect in extinction.

Partial Reinforcement of Social Behavior in Rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaughn E. Stimbert
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Response ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement ◽  
Partial Reinforcement Training ◽  
Schedule Effects

The effects of partial reinforcement on a social response were studied in 2 groups of rats. One group was trained to follow other rats on a continuous schedule and the other on a partial (50%) schedule. Animals having partial reinforcement training performed at a higher level during extinction than those trained under continuous reinforcement. The results were interpreted as extending reinforcement schedule effects to animal social behavior.

Resistance to Extinction: A Test of the Discrimination Hypothesis

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Dubanoski ◽  
Howard R. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Initial Training ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement ◽  
Resistance To Extinction ◽  
Discrimination Hypothesis

To test the discrimination hypothesis of the partial reinforcement effect in extinction, partial or continuous reinforcement trials were interpolated between the initial training trials of partial or continuous reinforcement and the extinction period. 112 children from Grades 2 and 3 participated in one of four conditions. Children receiving two consecutive blocks of partial reinforcement showed the greatest resistance to extinction, children receiving two consecutive blocks of continuous reinforcement showed the weakest resistance, and those receiving partial reinforcement followed by continuous reinforcement or vice versa showed intermediate levels of resistance. Discrimination between training and extinction does not seem to be the critical factor involved in the partial reinforcement effect. The results were discussed in terms of a stimulus analyzer or a sequential analysis model.

Partial Reinforcement and Response Reversal in Chicks

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 272-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dutch
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement ◽  
Response Reversal

2 groups of chicks were trained to run to one end of an apparatus which consisted of a single runway with a central start box and goal box at each end. Ss receiving partial reinforcement during acquisition learned to reverse this response more rapidly than Ss given continuous reinforcement.

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