scholarly journals Isolation and ldentification of Aza-Arenes of Tobacco Smoke

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Snook ◽  
P. J. Fortson ◽  
O. T. Chortyk
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Condensate ◽  
Aliphatic Compounds ◽  
Ring Number ◽  
Silicic Acid Chromatography ◽  
Probable Presence ◽  
First Time ◽  
Aza Arenes

AbstractThe nitrogen analogues of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (aza-arenes) were isolated and identified in a basic fraction of cigarette smoke condensate. Silicic acid chromatography removed the predominant nicotine alkaloids, while gel chromatography on Bio-Beads S-X12 in benzene effectively separated the aza-arenes from interfering aliphatic compounds. In addition, the gel columns separated the aza-arenes by ring number and degree of alkylation on the basis of an adsorption-type mechanism. These gel characteristics facilitated the identifications of a large number of isomeric aza-arenes. Compounds identified included 2-vinylpyridine, 3-vinylpyridine and 2-phenylpyridine as well as quinoline, isoquinoline, 4-azafluorene, benzoquinolines, benzoisoquinolines, 1-azafluoranthene, 7-azafluoranthene, 4-aza-pyrene, 7- azaindole, pyrroloquinoline and their mono-, di- and trimethyl derivatives. All eight possible isomers of benzoquinoline and benzoisoquinoline were found, four of which are being reported for the first time. Evidence was also found for the probable presence of 5,6-benzo-7-azaindole.

Multi-alkylated Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons of Tobacco Smoke: Separation and Identification

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Snook ◽  
R. F. Severson ◽  
R. F. Arrendale ◽  
H. C. Higman ◽  
O. T. Chortyk
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Condensate ◽  
Gas And Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Silicic Acid Chromatography ◽  
Derivatives Of

AbstractThe methyl, multi-methyl, and ethyl derivatives of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) were isolated from the neutrals by silicic acid chromatography, solvent partitioning and gel chromatography. The procedure yielded a relatively pure PAH isolate amenable to further identifications. The multi-alkylated PAH were concentrated in the early gel fractions with parent and higher ring PAH found in subsequent gel fractions. It was shown that CSC is very rich in alkylated PAH, and their successful identification required extensive use of gas and liquid chromatography and ultra-violet and GC - mass spectrometric techniques. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) separated individual isomers of the alkylated PAH in complex GC peaks. PAH from indene to pentamethylchrysene were found. This report concludes our identification studies on the PAH of CSC and complements our two previous reports in this journal. Collectively, our studies have identified approximately 1000 PAH of cigarette smoke condensate and have led to the development of methods for the routine quantitation of PAH in smalI quantities of cigarette smoke condensate.

Gas chromatographic quantitation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in tobacco smoke

1976 ◽  
Vol 48 (13) ◽  
pp. 1866-1872 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Severson ◽  
M. E. Snook ◽  
R. F. Arrendale ◽  
O. T. Chortyk
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons

scholarly journals The ldentification of High Molecular Weight Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a Biologically Active Fraction of Cigarette Smoke Condensate

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Snook ◽  
R.F. Severson ◽  
R.F. Arrendale ◽  
H.C. Higman ◽  
O.T. Chortyk
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Retention Data ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Condensate ◽  
Preparative Gas Chromatography

AbstractA gel filtration chromatography method was developed for the isolation and concentration of the high molecular weight polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) contained in the most biologically active fraction of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). The unusually complex mixture of large PAH found in CSC necessitated the use of preparative gas chromatography followed by high-pressure liquid chromatography to achieve separation and identification. Mass spectral, ultra-violet absorption, and chromatographic retention data were needed for the comprehensive identification of the large molecular weight PAH components of CSC. The majority of the more than 200 isolated compounds were identified. Compounds newly identified in CSC included 3,4-dimethylenepyrene, 3,4-trimethylenepyrene, cyclopenta(c,-d)pyrene, 4,5-methylenetriphenylene, benzo[b]perylene, and several dibenzofluoranthenes.

scholarly journals The release of eosinophil chemotactic activity and eosinophil chemokinesis inhibitory activity by mononuclear cells from atopic asthmatic and non-atopic subjects

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Grzegorczyk ◽  
B. Majkowska-Wojciechowska ◽  
M. L. Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Healthy Donor ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Chemotactic Activity ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Chemotactic Index

The goal of our study was to assess the chemotactic activity for eosinophils (ECA) and neutrophils (NCA) and histamine releasing activity (HRA) in crude supernatants of mononuclear cells in monosensitized atopic asthmatics and healthy controls. Chemotactic activity for ECA and neutrophils was measured in supernatants of cultured mononuclear cells with modified Boyden’s chamber and HRA was assessed on healthy donor basophils. With respect to ECA generation two distinct subgroups of subjects were distinguished: releasers [ECA (+)] and non-releasers [ECA (–)]. In atopic and non-atopic ECA (+) the mean ECA index was 3.78 ± 0.49 and 2.47 ± 0.27 respectively (P> 0.05). Supernatants from the remaining subjects (seven of 22 atopic and five of 11 non-atopic) did not express ECA, but revealed significant inhibitory activity for chemokinesis of eosinophils (mean chemotactic index 0.25 ± 0.16 and 0.48 ± 0.22 for atopic and non-atopic non-releasers respectively). Stimulation with antigen of MNC from atopic and with PHA from non-atopic ECA (–) restored cells ability to release ECA. Sephadex gel chromatography revealed that supernatants of MNC contained chemotactic and chemokinesis inhibitory activity in different fractions. The spontaneous productions of NCA and HRA by mononuclear cells was sim ilar in ECA releasers and non-releasers, although the HRA was higher following stimulation with PHA in the non-atopic ECA (+) subgroup. Our study demonstrated, for the first time, that MNC are capable of generating not only chemotactic activity but also chemokinesis inhibitory activity for eosinophils.

scholarly journals Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons of Tobacco Smoke: Isolation and Identification

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Snook ◽  
R. F. Severson ◽  
H. C. Higman ◽  
R. F. Arrendale ◽  
O.T. Chortyk
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Neutral Fraction ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Condensate ◽  
Mass Spectral Data ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Separation

AbstractA neutral fraction of cigarette smoke condensate, which had shown biological activity and was known to contain polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), was fractionated by analytical gel filtration chromatography. These gel fractions were subjected to gas chromatographic separation and their components were identified by relative GC retention times, UV spectra, and mass spectral data. More than 300 PAH, ranging from indene to the dimethylbenzopyrenes, were characterized. This method of isolation has yielded fractions which were more amenable to definitive identifications. The criteria used for identification are tabulated for all the identified PAH compounds.

scholarly journals Correlation of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Formation Between Pyrolysis and Smoking

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Severson ◽  
W. S. Schlotzhauer ◽  
R. F. Arrendale ◽  
M. E. Snook ◽  
H. C. Higman
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Condensate ◽  
Hydrocarbon Formation

AbstractTobacco, its petroleum ether (PE) extract, and the residual extracted tobacco (marc) were pyrolyzed at 650-750°C, 650-850°C, and 700°C, respectively. Analyses of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) produced showed that the pyrolysis of the tobacco and the PE extract at 700°C produced PAH profiles comparable to those found in cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). The data indicated that most of the alkyl PAH and the major PAH in cigarette smoke are derived from the PE extractables of tobacco. The constituents of the marc were the major precursors for phenols, oxygenated PAH, and Iow molecular weight acids; and those of PE extract were the major producers of high molecular weight acids.

scholarly journals Tobacco Smoke Chemistry. 3. Aromatic Acids of Cigarette Smoke Condensate.

1989 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Arnarp ◽  
Britt-Marie Dahlin ◽  
Curt R. Enzell ◽  
Tore Pettersson ◽  
A. J. Kondow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Aromatic Acids ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Condensate

scholarly journals Tobacco Smoke Chemistry. 5. Alkyl Substituted 3-Hydroxy-4-pyrones Found in Cigarette Smoke Condensate.

1990 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 963-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Arnarp ◽  
Jacek Bielawski ◽  
Britt-Marie Dahlin ◽  
Olof Dahlman ◽  
Curt R. Enzell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Condensate

Chromatographic concentration of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons of tobacco smoke

1975 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1155-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Snook ◽  
W. J. Chamberlain ◽  
R. F. Severson ◽  
O. T. Chortyk
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
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