scholarly journals Magnesium upregulates insulin receptor and glucose transporter-4 in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type-2 diabetic rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayodele Olufemi Morakinyo ◽  
Titilola Aderonke Samuel ◽  
Daniel Abiodun Adekunbi
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Glucose Transporter 4 ◽  
Magnesium Supplementation ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Abstract Objective. We investigated the effects of magnesium supplementation on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress as well as the concentration of insulin receptor and glucose transporter-4 in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type-2 diabetic (T2D) rats. Methods. Rats were divided into four groups designated as: 1) control (CTR); 2) diabetic untreated (DU); 3) diabetic treated with 1 mg of Mg/kg diet (Mg1-D); and 4) diabetic treated with 2 mg of Mg/kg diet (Mg2-D). T2D was induced with a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of freshly prepared streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) aft er an initial i.p. injection of nicotinamide (120 mg/kg). Glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, malondialdehyde (MAD) and glutathione content, insulin receptors (INSR) and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4), fasting insulin and glucose levels were measured, and insulin resistance index was calculated using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results. Magnesium supplementation improved glucose tolerance and lowered blood glucose levels almost to the normal range. We also recorded a noticeable increase in insulin sensitivity in Mg-D groups when compared with DU rats. Lipid perturbations associated T2D were significantly attenuated by magnesium supplementation. Fasting glucose level was comparable to control values in the Mg-D groups while the HOMA-IR index was significantly lower compared with the DU rats. Magnesium reduced MDA but increased glutathione concentrations compared with DU group. Moreover, INSR and GLUT4 levels were elevated following magnesium supplementation in T2D rats. Conclusion. These findings demonstrate that magnesium may mediate effective metabolic control by stimulating the antioxidant defense, and increased levels of INSR and GLUT4 in diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Central alarin ameliorated insulin resistance of adipocytes in type 2 diabetic rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 223 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Guo ◽  
Penghua Fang ◽  
Mei Yu ◽  
Mingyi Shi ◽  
Ping Bo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Alarin, a regulatory peptide, belongs to the galanin family and plays the same regulatory roles as galanin in orexigenic activity and energy metabolism. Our previous studies had found that galanin might facilitate insulin sensitivity via activation of its central receptors. To date, little is known about whether central alarin may exert similar effects on insulin sensitivity. In order to investigate this, alarin and its specific antagonist, alarin 6–25Cys, were administered into the cerebral ventricles of type 2 diabetic rats (T2DR) to evaluate the changes in insulin resistance. The results indicated that central treatment with alarin significantly increased the body weight of animals, the 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose uptake, the plasma adiponectin levels, the glucose infusion rates in hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp tests, the vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 as well as glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4 (SLC2A4)) protein and mRNA levels, and the ratios of GLUT4 contents in plasma membranes to total cell membranes in adipocytes, but reduced blood glucose and plasma retinol-binding protein 4 levels. These effects of alarin may be inhibited by pretreatment with alarin 6–25Cys. The above-mentioned results suggest that the central alarin projective system may facilitate insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake via the increase in GLUT4 content and GLUT4 translocation from intracellular pools to plasma membranes in T2DR.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Effect ofMonolluma quadrangulaIs MediatedviaModulation of Glucose Metabolizing Enzymes, Antioxidant Defenses, and Adiponectin in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
May N. Bin-Jumah
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Antidiabetic Effect ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Monolluma quadrangulais a succulent bush traditionally used to treat diabetes and peptic ulcer. The present study aimed to investigate the effect ofM. quadrangulahydroethanolic extract on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolizing enzymes, lipid profile, and adiponectin expression in type 2 diabetic rats. In addition, the study evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of theM. quadrangulaextract. Type 2 diabetes was induced by feeding rats a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks followed by 30 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetic rats received 300 or 600 mg/kgM. quadrangulaextract for 4 weeks. HFD/STZ diabetic rats showed impaired glucose tolerance, reduced insulin secretion, and insulin resistance. HFD and STZ induced a significant increase in serum cholesterol, triglycerides and proinflammatory cytokines, and liver lipid peroxidation. Treatment withM. quadrangulaextract ameliorated these metabolic disturbances and increased liver glycogen, hexokinase activity, and antioxidants.M. quadranguladeclined the activity of liver glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-biphosphatase. In addition,M. quadrangulaextract increased serum adiponectin levels and hepatic adiponectin expression in HFD/STZ diabetic rats. In conclusion,M. quadrangulaexerts antidiabetic effect mediatedviaameliorating glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolizing enzymes, and antioxidant defenses. Increased adiponectin levels and expression seems to mediate, at least in part, the antidiabetic effect ofM. quadrangula.

Effect of endogenous galanin on glucose transporter 4 expression in cardiac muscle of type 2 diabetic rats

Peptides ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penghua Fang ◽  
Mingyi Shi ◽  
Lili Guo ◽  
Biao He ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Glucose Transporter 4 ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Ileal transposition rapidly improves glucose tolerance and gradually improves insulin resistance in non-obese type 2 diabetic rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-297
Author(s):  
Hengliang Zhu ◽  
Huaiming Wang ◽  
Zhihai Zheng ◽  
Bailiang Ye ◽  
Xiaojiao Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Ileal Transposition ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Simultaneous Effects of Metformin and Sitagliptin on the Contents of Insulin Resistance Proteins Glucose Transporter 4 and Protein Kinase B in Diabetic Patients' Adipose Tissue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didehdar Didehdar ◽  
Yousof Naghiaee ◽  
Javad Mohiti-Ardekani ◽  
Naeimeh Heiranizadeh ◽  
Masaoud Rahmanian
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Protein Kinase B ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glucose Transporter 4 ◽  
Resistance Proteins ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Objective: Obesity is a factor in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Obesity contributes a wide variety of metabolic changes such as insulin resistance. The insulin signal mechanism to intra-cells occurs in insulin resistance, primarily in adipose tissue cells, which can be appropriate targets for therapeutic approaches by recognizing the proteins in this pathway. The study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous impact of metformin and sitagliptin on the expression of protein levels involved in insulin resistance Protein Kinase B (Akt) and Glucose Transporter 4 (GLUT4) in diabetic adipose tissue. Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the content of proteins involved in insulin resistance Akt and GLUT4 in adipose tissue of diabetic patients with the use of SDS-PAGE and western blot analyses, we studied 6 persons of type 2 diabetic patients who obtained 3 months of care with simultaneous metformin and sitagliptin, 4 persons returned from them after treatment and 8 persons as a stable case (control group). Results: There was an increase in glucose intake and a decrease in serum glucose levels (P-value= 0.025) and no decrease in insulin resistance (P-value= 0.6) following simultaneous metformin and sitagliptin therapy, but no improvement in serum insulin levels (Pvalue=1.01). Increases in the content of Akt protein (P-value= 0.682) and GLUT4 protein (P-value= 0.851) involved in insulin resistance in diabetic patients' adipose tissue, were not observed. Conclusion: Simultaneous treatment with metformin and sitagliptin had no effect on insulin resistance proteins Akt and GLUT4 in type 2 diabetic adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Combined galanin with insulin improves insulin sensitivity of diabetic rat muscles

2014 ◽  
Vol 221 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Bu ◽  
Qian Yao ◽  
Zhimin Liu ◽  
Wei Tang ◽  
Junjie Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Cooperative Effect ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemic Clamp ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Although administration of galanin or insulin alone may enhance insulin sensitivity and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) trafficking, their cooperative effect on insulin sensitivity is still unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the cooperative effect of both reagents compared with solitary treatment with galanin or insulin in type 2 diabetic rats. Galanin and/or insulin were injected singly or together into type 2 diabetic rats once a day for 15 days. The results indicated that coadministration of both reagents compared with treatment with galanin or insulin alone significantly increased glucose infusion rates in euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic clamp tests, 2-deoxy-[3H]d-glucose contents, GLUT4 densities, and pAS160 and protein kinase C activity levels, but reduced blood glucose and insulin levels, as well as retinol-binding protein 4 contents, and did not affect Glut4 (Slc2a4) mRNA expression levels in myocytes. The changes in the ratios of GLUT4 immunoreaction in plasma membranes to total cell membranes of myocytes were higher in the coadministrative group compared with either the insulin or the galanin group. These results indicate that cooperation of the two hormones plays a synergic role to improve GLUT4 translocation and insulin sensitivity. This finding indicates the possibility of combining galanin with insulin with the aim of obtaining better antidiabetic efficacy than that of the canonical treatment with insulin alone.

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