scholarly journals Short-term effects of cadmium and mercury on soil nematode communities in a pot experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
Y. Lü ◽  
X. Chen ◽  
W.F. Xue ◽  
W.D. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Trophic Group ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pollution Effects ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Significant Difference

SummaryAnalysis of soil nematode feeding groups and functional guilds were used as a valuable tool to detect heavy metal pollution. Effects of cadmium (Cd) at 5 mg/kg, mercury (Hg) at 20mg/kg, combined Cd and Hg at 5+20mg/kg on the nematode communities were studied after three months application. Nematodes were collected from soil in rhizosphere of Morning glories (Pharhiris nil) which were applied as heavy metal accumulators and were grown in the experimental pots. Both single and combined heavy metals had marked effects on the nematode abundance, life-history strategies and feeding type composition. Bacteriovores and c-p 2 group were found to be the most abundant trophic group and functional guild, respectively. Acrobeloides and Pratylenchus were the most two abundant genera, decreasing number of them was responsible for the significant difference between control and polluted treatments. Cd-5 and Cd-Hg 5+20 presented lower values of nematode diversity index (H’) and evenness index (J’) than Hg-20. The combination of Cd and Hg showed lower nematode trophic diversity (TD), in comparison with single Cd or Hg. Conversely, heavy metals addition exhibited no pronounced effect on Maturity index (MI), structural index (SI) and enrichment index (EI). Our results demonstrate that genera composition is a better indicator to short-term heavy metal effects than some common indicator indices and emphasize that deeper assemblage analyses are needed for a correct interpretation of short-term disturbance on soil nematodes.

scholarly journals Heavy metal levels in cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) foraging in some abattoirs in Lagos State metropolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elijah Abakpa Adegbe ◽  
Oluwaseyi Oluwabukola Babajide ◽  
Lois Riyo Maina ◽  
Shola Elijah Adeniji
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Bubulcus Ibis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Heavy metal accumulation in the ecosystem constitutes a potential toxic effect which is hazardous to human health. Increasing environmental pollution has necessitated the use of cattle egrets to evaluate the levels of heavy metal contamination, to establish their use in biomonitoring of heavy metals and to provide data for monitoring pollution in the environment. Results The present study assessed the utilization of Bubulcus ibis in monitoring pollution in five abattoirs, namely Agege, Bariga, Kara, Itire and Idi-Araba, all situated in Lagos State. The concentration of five (5) heavy metals, cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) was determined in the liver, muscle and feather of Bubulcus ibis using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The trend of metal accumulation was in the order: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > Ni for all the sampled tissues. The mean tissue concentrations of the metals were significantly different (p < 0.05) among the sites. The highest levels of metal concentration were reported in the liver in all the locations. Mean concentration of Cd in Kara (0.003 ± 0.00058) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those found at Agege (0.0013 ± 0.00058) and Idi-Araba (0.001 ± 0.001). A significant difference (p < 0.05) was also observed between the mean concentrations of Cu in Bariga (0.01 ± 0.001) and Idi-Araba (0.003 ± 0.001). Conclusion All the studied heavy metals were present in the liver, muscle and feathers of the cattle egrets. The contamination levels were ascertained from the study which indicated that cattle egrets are useful in biomonitoring studies and the generated data will serve as baseline data which could be compared with data from other locations for monitoring heavy metal pollution.

Impact of biochar amendment on soil nematode communities in a West African rain-fed rice cropland

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Segun O. Oladele ◽  
Adebayo Adeyemo ◽  
Moses Awodun ◽  
Ajoke Adegaye ◽  
Mariko Ingold
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Group ◽  
West African ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Inorganic Fertiliser ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Summary Nematode population and diversity in a West African rain-fed rice cropland amended with biochar (B), biochar plus inorganic fertiliser (B + NPK), inorganic fertiliser (NPK) and control (CK) without amendments were investigated in a 3-year field study. Results demonstrated that significant differences exist between treatments and years of study for total nematode population and nematode trophic groups. Total nematode density, nematode trophic group (bacterivore and plant-parasitic) density were increased and dominant in B + NPK compared with CK after 3 years. Relative abundance of nematode genera according to trophic group across treatments showed Hirschmanniella (23%) as the dominant plant parasites in NPK, and Heterocephalobus (27%), Aphelenchoides (22%) and Eudorylaimus (9%) as dominant bacterivores, fungivores and omnivores-predators, respectively, in B + NPK. Trophic group indicators showed that the fungivore plus bacterivore to plant-parasitic ratio (73%) was significantly increased by B + NPK treatment in comparison to CK. Conversely, treatments exerted no significant effect on the fungivore to bacterivore ratio (F/B) throughout the period of study, which implies less disturbance and adverse impact of biochar on nematode communities. Apart from treatments and environmental factors, changes in nematode trophic groups were strongly related to soil chemical properties, such as soil pH, total nitrogen and available phosphorus, which shows their influence on soil nematode community. Our result shows the positive effect of integrated addition of biochar and inorganic fertiliser in balancing nematode diversity and building a resilient soil ecosystem in a low input rain-fed rice cropping system.

scholarly journals Biosorption potential of lead tolerant fungi isolated from refuse dumpsite soil in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e46753
Author(s):  
Jeremiah David Bala ◽  
Faruk Kuta ◽  
Adabara Nasiru ◽  
Abdulameen Saheed Adedeji ◽  
Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Penicillium Chrysogenum ◽  
Lead Removal ◽  
High Tolerance ◽  
Polluted Environment ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Significant Difference

Metals are non-biodegradable and recurrent in the environs. Heavy metals tolerant fungi were isolated from refuse dumpsite soil using pour plate method. These fungi were identified as Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum and Rhizomucor sp. The fungal isolates were screened for cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) with concentration of 200ppm, 400ppm and 600ppm. Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum showed high tolerance for the metals in contrast to the control. The fungi with high tolerance were used for biosorption study. However, Penicillium chrysogenum showed higher lead removal or biosorption potential of 1.07ppm, 3.35ppm and 4.19ppm as compared with Aspergillus niger with lead removal of 0.67ppm, 3.11ppm and 3.79ppm at 5th, 10th and 15th day respectively. One-way Analysis of Variance was used to interpret the data generated from the biosorption study which revealed that there was no significant different (p > 0.05) between the lead removal of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum on the 5th day but there was significant difference (p < 0.05) in the lead removal of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum on the 10th and 15th day. This study suggests the use of these fungal isolates for removal and biotreatment of heavy metal contaminated and polluted environment

Effect of short-term enclosure on soil nematode communities in an alpine meadow in Northern Tibet

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
薛会英 XUE Huiying ◽  
罗大庆 LUO Daqing ◽  
胡锋 HU Feng ◽  
李辉信 LI Huixin ◽  
王景升 WANG Jingsheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Northern Tibet ◽  
Soil Nematode Communities

scholarly journals The influence of Western corn rootworm seed coating and granular insecticides on the seasonal fluctuations of soil nematode communities in a maize field

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Čerevková ◽  
Ľ. Cagáň
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Maturity Index ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Maize Field

Abstract Western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, is a pest that needs to be controlled with chemicals in the maize monoculture. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of insecticides on nematode communities in a maize field. Four soil treatments were used in this experiment: variant 1 — a granular application with tefluthrin (199.5 g a.i./ha); variant 2 — a granular application with clothianidin (110 g a.i./ha); variant 3 — a seed treatment with clothianidin (1.25 μg a.i/seed); and control — a maize field without insecticides. During the investigated period, a total of 19 117 soil nematode individuals were captured and 9 orders, 33 genera and 37 species were identified. Acrobeloides nanus, Cephalobus persegnis, Eucephalobus striatus and Basiria gracilis were the dominant species, accounting for 48 % of the total number of individuals. The mean abundance and species diversity index were significantly lower for variant 2. Bacterial feeders were the dominant trophic group for all 4 variants. The numbers of nematodes in particular trophic groups (i.e., bacterial feeders, fungal feeders and omnivores) were significantly different between variant 2 and the control. The Σ Maturity index, Maturity index and Plant parasitic index did not show significant differences among the variants. The higher values of the Enrichment and Structure indices were observed in the first month of the investigation in all 4 variants. A cluster analysis showed that nematode species population densities were strongly affected by the date of soil sample collection and by the variants used in the experiment.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Tolerance Potential of Fungi Species Isolated from Gold Mine Tailings in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Sey ◽  
Ebenezer J. D. Belford
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
High Tolerance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mycelia Growth

Introduction: Heavy metal contamination has necessitated a less expensive and non-destructive clean-up technique such as mycoremediation. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and evaluate the tolerance of fungi species in different concentrations of heavy metals for their potential use in bioremediation. Materials and Methods: Fungi were isolated by serial dilution and spread plate techniques from gold tailings and their tolerance to different concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn (as potential bioremediation candidates) was evaluated. Fungal radial growths were recorded daily over a 14 days’ incubation period to establish their tolerance levels using the Tolerance Index. Results: Five isolated fungi species belonged to the genera Aspergillus, Trichophyton, Rhizopus, Trametes, and Trichoderma. Except for Trichophyton rubrum, the other fungi species were tolerant to all Cr concentrations (0 – 100ppm), but no significant difference was observed in mycelia growth compared to their controls. With high tolerance index ranging from 0.91 to 1.02, Trichoderma viride and Rhizopus oryzae were tolerant to all Cu concentrations (0 – 125ppm). High tolerance was exhibited by Trametes versicolor to Cd at 25 and 50 ppm, and by Rhizopus oryzae at 25 ppm, but no significant difference was found in mycelia growth. Rhizopus oryzae tolerated all As and Pb concentrations with high tolerance index ranging from 0.81 to 1.00. It also tolerated   Zn at 200-600ppm concentration with a tolerance index from 0.80 to 0.91. Conclusion: The selective nature of these fungi species for specific heavy metal tolerance indicates their potential for selective use as effective bioremediative clean up agent of heavy metals contaminated sites.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metals in Water Contaminated with Petroleum Products in Keffi Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3a) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
JK Makpo ◽  
SM Ameh ◽  
A Asarya ◽  
YP Gambo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Significant Difference

This work assessed the presence of heavy metals in water contaminated with petroleum products in Keffi Local Government Area. Two water sampling station were selected based on the stratified method of sampling of Antau River. Station A is located along Federal Government College Keffi popularly known as Antau Bridge where Agricultural and mechanical activities, with sales of petroleum product take place. Station B was located at Dadin Kowa known as Gada Manu where human activities such as bathing and washing takes place which served as control. The distance between stations is 1km. The procedural plan of this study was monthly sampling of water from both Stations. Materials such as funnel, sampling container, distilled water, conical flask, filter paper, 50ml polypropylene centrifuge tube, cooler were used. Heavy metal concentration was determined using X – ray Fluorescent Spectroscopy (XRF) at the Center for Energy Research and Training (CERT), Ahmadu Bello University Zaria. The water parameters of the four samples were determined using the Extech instrument. The result on Physico – chemical parameters revealed the values obtained from contaminated water samples to be pH (7.31), Dissolved Oxygen (1.14), Electrical Conductivity (8.22), Total Dissolved Solid (4.13), Temperature (27.45) and Salinity (0.091) while the controlled Station at point B were pH (7.43), DO (7.35), EC (3.14), TDS (1.54), Temperature (26.75), Salinity (0.o94) respectively. From the result obtained, the heavy metal contaminated samples had the following values: Mg (29.31±), Al (218.69±), Si (230.12±), S (1153.65±), Cl (54.25±), Ca (106.56±), Ti (23.66±), Cr (3.15±), Fe (15.92±), Cd (7.54±). For the control sample at point B, the following values were obtained: Mg (27.49±), Al (223.71±), Si (243.21±), S (94.84±), Cl (23.52±), Ca (28.44±), Ti (32.99±), Fe (16.63±), Cd (7.67±) respectively. The P-value was 0.8105 (p>0.05) for the water quality parameters while for the concentration of heavy metal P-value was 0.2054 (p>0.05). This implies that there was no significant difference between the concentrations of elements. However, the concentration values of heavy metals in the contaminated water at Station A and control water samples at Station B were higher than the World Health Organization values (Standard) for drinking water

scholarly journals Determination of heavy metal deposition in the county of Obrenovac (Serbia) using mosses as bioindicators II: Cadmium (CD), cobalt (CO), and chromium (CR)

2006 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Vukojevic ◽  
M. Sabovljevic ◽  
Aneta Sabovljevic ◽  
Nevena Mihajlovic ◽  
Gordana Drazic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hypnum Cupressiforme ◽  
Bryum Argenteum ◽  
Heavy Metal Deposition

In the present study, the deposition of three heavy metals (Cd, Co and Cr) in the county of Obrenovac (Serbia) is determined using four moss taxa (Bryum argenteum, Bryum capillare, Brachythecium sp. and Hypnum cupressiforme) as bioindicators. Distribution of average heavy metal content in all mosses in the county of Obrenovac is presented in maps, while long term atmospheric deposition (in the mosses Bryum argenteum and B. capillare) and short term atmospheric deposition (in the mosses Brachythecium sp. and Hypnum cupressiforme) are discussed and in tables. Areas of the highest contaminations are highlighted.

scholarly journals The Study of Concentrations of Some Heavy Metals in Relation to Size of Macrobrachium vollenhovenii (Herklots, 1857) in Asejire Lake, Oyo State, Southwest Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abayomi Jimoh ◽  
Abiodun Ojesanmi ◽  
Rasaq Olowu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Animal Tissue ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Cu And Zn

Introduction: Heavy metals are useful for essential animal tissue metabolism; however, when these metals exist beyond the permissible limits, they cause ecological damage and constitute threat to human health. Freshwater prawns, including Macrobrachium vollenhovenii, are bio-indicators of metal pollution. M. vollenhovenii is an important source of protein and abundant in the Asejire Lake, which serves as a major source of drinking water to people living around the Lake. Aims: This study was therefore designed to examine the concentrations of some heavy metals (Mn, Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn) in water, sediment and different sizes of Macrobrachium vollenhovenii in Asejire Lake, southwest Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Quarterly sampling of M. vollenhovenii, water and sediment was conducted on Asejire Lake in the months of November, February and May. Analysis of the selected heavy metals in the various samples was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Bioaccumulation Factors (BAF) of the metals were also determined. Results: Heavy metals concentration in prawns was in this order: Zn > Cu > Mn > Pb > Cd. Ranked mean concentration of heavy metals in different prawn sizes was large > small > medium. There was no significant difference, at p > 0.05, among heavy metals concentrations in different prawn sizes, except in Cadmium. Pb, Cu and Zn were detected in water, while all the five metals were detected in sediment. Large prawns bioaccumulated the most heavy metals while medium prawns bioaccumulated the least. Cu was the most bioaccumulated heavy metal. Concentrations of Mn, Pb, Cu and Cd were above the FAO limit for prawn; concentrations of Cu and Zn in water were below the WHO limit, while Pb was above the limit. Concentrations of heavy metals in sediment were lower than the FAO limit. Conclusion: These results suggest that prawns and water from Asejire Lake are not safe for human consumption, and it is recommended that proper managerial policy be put in place to check the influx of these metals into the Lake. Keywords: Heavy Metals, Size, Macrobrachium vollenhovenii, Asejire Lake

scholarly journals Determination and Assessment of the Toxic Heavy Metal Elements Abstracted from the Traditional Plant Cosmetics and Medical Remedies: Case Study of Libya

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiman M. Bobaker ◽  
Intisar Alakili ◽  
Sukiman B. Sarmani ◽  
Nadhir Al-Ansari ◽  
Zaher Mundher Yaseen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Walnut Tree ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Henna and walnut tree bark are widely used by Libyan women as cosmetics. They may contain lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As), which, in turn, pose a high risk to their health. This study aims to determine the levels of Pb, Cd and As in henna and walnut tree bark products sold in Libyan markets. The products were analyzed for their Pb, Cd and As content by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a microwave acid digestion. The results showed a significant difference between the henna and walnut tree bark samples in terms of their heavy metals content (p < 0.05). The highest heavy metal concentrations were observed in the walnut tree bark samples whereas the lowest was observed in the henna samples. In addition, 60% of the henna and 90% of the walnut tree bark samples contained Pb levels and approximately 80% of the henna and 90% the walnut tree bark samples contained Cd levels, which are much higher than the tolerance limit. However, As concentrations in all the samples were lower. The results indicated that such cosmetics expose consumers to high levels of Pb and Cd and hence, to potential health risks. Thus, studying the sources and effects of heavy metals in such cosmetics is strongly recommended.

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