scholarly journals New kind of Cu based paste for Si solar cells front contact formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Musztyfaga-Staszuk ◽  
Łukasz Major ◽  
Grzegorz Putynkowski ◽  
Anna Sypień ◽  
Katarzyna Gawlińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Fill Factor ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Front Electrode ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Dupont Company

AbstractPotential impact of copper replacing silver in the paste used for the front electrode fabrication in crystalline silicon solar cells was investigated. The copper was applied as a new CuXX component with about 2 wt.% to 6 wt.% share of XX modifier. The generated CuXX molecules were analyzed using transmission microscopy. Based on the commercial Du Pont PV19B paste, CuXX and XX materials, the new PV19B/CuXX paste with 51 wt.% share of Cu and the PV19B/XX paste with 51 wt.% share of XX only were developed. Comparative studies of the effect of the commercial PV19B paste made by DuPont Company, and the pastes with the CuXX component and with the modifier XX alone on the electrical parameters of solar cells produced on crystalline silicon were carried out. The solar cells were characterized by the current-voltage technique. As a final result, the Cz-Si solar cell with the 51 wt.% share of Cu in the front electrode having a series resistance of 0.551 Ω·cm2, an efficiency of 14.08 % and, what is more important, the fill factor of 0.716, was obtained. It is the best result ever obtained concerning direct Cu application for solar cells fabricated in thick-film technology.

Understanding the current-voltage characteristics of industrial crystalline silicon solar cells by considering inhomogeneous current distributions

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Breitenstein
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Simple Structure ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Current Voltage Characteristics ◽  
Lock In

AbstractSolar cells made from multi- or mono-crystalline silicon wafers are the base of today’s photovoltaics industry. These devices are essentially large-area semiconductor p-n junctions. Technically, solar cells have a relatively simple structure, and the theory of p-n junctions was established already decades ago. The generally accepted model for describing them is the so-called two-diode model. However, the current-voltage characteristics of industrial solar cells, particularly of that made from multi-crystalline silicon material, show significant deviations from established diode theory. These deviations regard the forward and the reverse dark characteristics as well as the relation between the illuminated characteristics to the dark ones. In the recent years it has been found that the characteristics of industrial solar cells can only be understood by taking into account local inhomogeneities of the dark current flow. Such inhomogeneities can be investigated by applying lock-in thermography techniques. Based on these and other investigations, meanwhile the basic properties of industrial silicon solar cells are well understood. This contribution reviews the most important experimental results leading to the present state of physical understanding of the dark and illuminated characteristics of multi-crystalline industrial solar cells. This analysis should be helpful for the continuing process of optimizing such cells for further increasing their energy conversion efficiency.

Characterization of Electrical Parameters of Cracked Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells in Photovoltaic Modules

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Del Prado Santamaria ◽  
Gisele A. Dos Reis Benatto ◽  
Adrian A. Santamaria Lancia ◽  
Marin Garaj ◽  
Sune Thorsteinsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules

Advanced Manufacturing Concepts for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells: Phosphorous Doping and Contact Opening Process

2007 ◽  
Vol 124-126 ◽  
pp. 923-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Wook Park ◽  
Eun Chel Cho ◽  
Jae Hee Yu ◽  
Dea Won Kim
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Contact Resistance ◽  
Fill Factor ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Heavily Doped ◽  
Opening Process

In this work, we report on the last investigation of POP (selective Phosphorous doping and contact Opening Process) in crystalline silicon solar cells. For the industrial solar cells, it must be very highly doped to decrease the high-contact resistance and not very shallow so that it is not perforated during paste firing, which would short-circuit the junction. We made improvement involves making separate diffusions for the different regions since the requirements are so different: a heavily doped and thick region under the contacts, a thin and lowly doped region under the passivating layer. Furthermore we opened the metal contact area to make a narrow grid lines simultaneously. As a result we could increase fill factor and reduce contact resistance by industrial process.

Effects of organic medium on rheological properties of silver pastes for crystalline silicon solar cells

Circuit World ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Qin ◽  
Shuxin Bai ◽  
Weijun Zhang ◽  
Zhuofeng Liu ◽  
Hailiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Screen Printing ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Organic Medium ◽  
Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Silver Particles ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Front Electrode

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to characterize and understand the effects of polymer binder, thixotropic agent, solvent and organic medium content on the rheological properties of silver pastes for screen printing front electrode films of solar cells. Design/methodology/approach Dispersions of silver particles (surface modified with oleic acid) in ethyl cellulose (EC) polymer solutions with and without thixotropic agent were prepared, and yield stress values were measured by setting shear stress to characterize the inter-particle interaction strength of pastes. Steady-state flow, three interval thixotropy shear test and oscillatory measurements were conducted to study the effect of EC polymer and thixotropic agent on viscosity, structure rebuilding and viscoelastic properties of electrode pastes. The effect of solvent was studied by investigating the steady viscosity of cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) polymer solutions and Ag dispersions. Findings Weak flocculation network of silver particles was produced because of depletion flocculation. Besides the interaction between thixotropic agent micelles, EC polymer also has a significant interaction with thixotropic agent. Merely increasing EC polymer or thixotropic agent content is not the best way to prevent the layer printed from laying down. The effect of solvent on the viscosity of paste is mainly attributed to the difference of hydromechanics radius and configuration of CAB polymer in solvents. With the increase of organic medium content, the properties of electrode pastes were converted from rigidity to flexibility. Originality/value It is still a challenge to obtain high-quality front electrode films for crystalline silicon solar cells by screen printing, because of the difficulty in reducing shadowing losses while ensuring a low series resistance and high filling factor. The paste rheological properties are the key properties related to the paste’s passing ability through the meshes and resistance of paste spreading on the substrate. Organic medium as an important component of the paste is acknowledged to be used to tailor the paste’s rheological properties and have a great role in screen printing.

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