Structural Analysis of Traditional Chinese Complex Puzzle Locks

The development of barbed-spring locks in ancient China has a history of more than two thousand years. With the development of the design and manufacturing techniques in ancient China, the safety of locks has gotten better and better. Since the 17th century, the puzzle lock, with a complicated structure and a high difficulty in opening, was gradually developed and used. The puzzle lock needs specific steps to be opened. Even if strangers have the correct key, it is still difficult for them to open the lock immediately. Based on the difficulty of the opening process, traditional Chinese puzzle locks can be partition into two sorts, namely, general puzzle locks and complex puzzle locks. As the structure of the puzzle lock will change during the opening process, the puzzle lock belongs to the reconfigurable mechanism. In this paper, a method of topology matrix is provided to analyze the structure of the complex puzzle lock during operation systematically. Firstly, the characteristics and types of general puzzle locks are explained, and then the topology matrix representation is introduced. Finally, four complex puzzle locks are taken as examples, to illustrate the opening process. There are various types of complex puzzle locks, and the mechanism designs are quite ingenious and interesting, which shows the extraordinary technique and ingenuity of the ancient craftsmen.

Flexible Nation: The Turkish Nation under the Justice and Development Party’s Rule

This article explains how the Turkish nation’s composition has changed under Justice and Development Party rule. Turkish nationalism and Turkish national identity have dramatically changed since 2010, when the Kurdish Opening process was started by former prime minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. The Syrian refugee crisis and the influx of Syrian refugees into Turkey created another change in Turkish national identity. Increasing religiosity in Turkey and the use of Islam by the Justice and Development Party created a flexible nation, where all Sunni Muslims can be considered members even though they are not ethnically Turkish. The author uses primary sources, such as President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s speeches since 2010, to show how his discourse became more embracing of non-Turkish Muslim groups and created a dynastic understanding of nationalism based on religion rather than the idea of an ethnically homogenous, secular Turkish nation.

Tailoring Mesoporous Silicon Surface to Form a Versatile Template for Nanoparticle Deposition

Porous silicon (PS) can be used as a loading template in sensing or as a matrix to develop nanoparticle arrays. We present a comprehensive study of PS morphology and optical properties before and after the pore opening process, including the determination of thickness, pore size, and pore density of PS layers, its surface wettability, and reflectivity. The PS samples were fabricated by electrochemical anodization of monocrystalline silicon wafer in 5–20 wt.% hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution at a current density in the range of 20–200 mA/cm2. Anodization was followed by the pore opening process, i.e., the removal of a parasitic superficial layer with a “bottleneck” structure by reactive ion etching (RIE). The results illustrate that “bottleneck”-free PS allows to achieve a high pore density using a low HF concentration and a reduced current density. We established that this structure demonstrates higher hydrophobicity in comparison to the samples before RIE. The applicability of the developed “bottleneck”-free PS was tested via filling the pores with silver nanoparticles, indicating its potential use as a template for the fabrication of nanoparticle arrays.

SMART DAM SYSTEM

With increase in global warming and ever changing temperature the rate of water in dam and temperature affects millions of people and damages the economy if any incident were supposed to happen due to human error so with the help of our automated dam system we have very efficiently solved it with the help of temperature sensor and advanced Ultrasonic sensor we have automated the dam gate opening process so that the gate of dam is automatically opened when there are chances of dam being overflowed or damaged. Using ultrasonic sensor and a temperature system to simultaneously support the decision of dam door functionality helped in overcoming accidental and falsetriggered data. Using these two in co-relation makes system less prone to error and increases the efficiency by multiple times.