A novel tamper detection scheme for BTC-compressed images

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hu ◽  
W. Chen ◽  
C. Lo ◽  
C. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Random Number ◽  
Image Authentication ◽  
Authentication Scheme ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Image Block ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Good Image ◽  
Compressed Images ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Embedded Image

AbstractA novel image authentication scheme for the compressed images of block truncation coding (BTC) is proposed in this paper. In the proposed scheme, 1-bit authentication data is generated from the quantization levels of each image block. Multiple block permutations are generated by using the random sequences induced by the selected random number seeds. Multiple copies of the authenticaiton data are embedded into the bit maps of BTC-compressed image blocks based on the block permutations. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves good detecting accuracy while keeping good image quatiy of the embedded image.

scholarly journals TSIA: A Novel Image Authentication Scheme for AMBTC-Based Compressed Images Using Turtle Shell Based Reference Matrix

IEEE Access ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 149515-149526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Cheng Chen ◽  
Chin-Chen Chang ◽  
Chia-Chen Lin ◽  
Guo-Dong Su
Keyword(s):  
Image Authentication ◽  
Authentication Scheme ◽  
Turtle Shell ◽  
Compressed Images ◽  
Reference Matrix

IMAGE AUTHENTICATION BASED ON FRACTAL FEATURES

Fractals ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHIGUO LIAN
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Image Authentication ◽  
Authentication Scheme ◽  
Natural Images ◽  
Original Image ◽  
Image Block ◽  
Authentication Code ◽  
Fractal Coding ◽  
Authentication Schemes ◽  
Common Signal

In this paper, the fractal features of natural images are used to construct an image authentication scheme, which can detect whether an image is maliciously tampered (cutting, wiping, modification, etc.) or not and can even locate the tampered regions. For the original image, the fractal transformation is applied to each of the image blocks, and some of the transformation parameters are quantized and used as the authentication code. The authentication code can be stored or transmitted secretly. To authenticate an image, the new authentication code is computed from the image with the similar method, and then compared with the stored or received code. A metric is proposed to decide whether an image block is tampered or not. Comparative experiments show that the authentication scheme can detect malicious tampering, is robust against such common signal processing as JPEG compression, fractal coding, adding noise or filtering, and thus, obtains competent performances compared with existing image authentication schemes.

A Blind Image Watermarking Scheme Utilizing BTC Bitplanes

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Ning Yang ◽  
Zhe-Ming Lu
Keyword(s):  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Image Authentication ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Original Image ◽  
Image Block ◽  
Watermark Embedding ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Watermarking Scheme ◽  
Blind Image

This paper presents a novel image watermarking scheme utilizing Block Truncation Coding (BTC). This scheme uses BTC to guide the watermark embedding and extraction processes. During the embedding process, the original cover image is first partitioned into non-overlapping 4×4 blocks. Then, BTC is performed on each block to obtain its BTC bitplane, and the number of ‘1’s in the bitplane is counted. If the watermark bit to be embedded is ‘1’ and the number of ‘1’s is odd, or the watermark bit to be embedded is ‘0’ and the number of ‘1’s is even, then no change is made. Otherwise, by changing at most three pixels in the original image block, the number of ‘1’s (or ‘0’s) in the renewed bitplane are forced to be odd for the watermark bit ‘1’ or to be even for the watermark bit ‘0’. During the extraction process, BTC is first performed on each block to obtain its bitplane. If the number of ‘1’s in the bitplane is odd, then the embedded watermark bit is ‘1’. Otherwise, the embedded watermark bit is ‘0’. The experimental results show that the proposed watermarking method is semi-fragile except for the changes in brightness and contrast; therefore, the proposed method can be used for image authentication.

scholarly journals High-Precision Authentication Scheme Based on Matrix Encoding for AMBTC-Compressed Images

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su ◽  
Chang ◽  
Lin
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Image Authentication ◽  
Authentication Scheme ◽  
Location Information ◽  
Authentication Code ◽  
Quantization Level ◽  
Tampering Detection ◽  
Compressed Images ◽  
Matrix Encoding ◽  
The Matrix

In this paper, a high-precision image authentication scheme for absolute moment block truncation coding (AMBTC)-compressed images is presented. For each block, two sub-bitmaps are conducted using the symmetrical separation, and the six-bit authentication code is symmetrically assigned to two sub-codes, which is virtually embedded into sub-bitmaps using the matrix encoding later. To overcome distortion caused by modifications to the bitmap, the corresponding to-be-flipped bit-location information is recorded instead of flipping these bits of the bitmap directly. Then, the bit-location information is inserted into quantization levels based on adjusted quantization level matching. In contrast to previous studies, the proposed scheme offers a significantly improved tampering detection ability, especially in the first hierarchical tampering detection without remediation measures, with an average tampering detection rate of up to 98.55%. Experimental results show that our approach provides a more stable and reliable tampering detection performance and sustains an acceptable visual quality.

scholarly journals Detectability Improved Tamper Detection Scheme for Absolute Moment Block Truncation Coding Compressed Images

Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wien Hong ◽  
Xiaoyu Zhou ◽  
Der-Chyuan Lou ◽  
Xiaoqin Huang ◽  
Cancan Peng
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Tamper Detection ◽  
Authentication Codes ◽  
Absolute Moment ◽  
Image Block ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Block Truncation Coding ◽  
Compressed Images ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Integrity Protection

Since digital media is gaining popularity nowadays, people are more concerned about its integrity protection and authentication since tampered media may result in unexpected problems. Considering a better media protection technique, this paper proposes an efficient tamper detection scheme for absolute moment block truncation coding (AMBTC) compressed images. In AMBTC, each image block is represented by two quantization levels (QLs) and a bitmap. Requiring insignificant computation cost, it attracts not only a wide range of application developers, but also a variety of studies to investigate the authentication of its codes. While the existing methods protect the AMBTC codes to a large extent, the leakage of some unprotected codes may be insensitive to intentional tampering. The proposed method fully protects the AMBTC codes by embedding authentication codes (ACs) into QLs. Meanwhile, the most significant bits of QLs are symmetrically perturbed to generate the candidates of ACs. The ACs that cause the minimum distortion are embedded into the least significant bits of QLs to minimize the distortion. When compared with prior works, the experimental results reveal that the proposed method offers a significant sensitivity-of-tamper property while providing a comparable image quality.

scholarly journals Reversible image authentication scheme based on prediction error expansion

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Thai-Son Nguyen ◽  
Phuoc-Hung Vo
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Prediction Error ◽  
Image Authentication ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Authentication Scheme ◽  
Image Block ◽  
Authentication Code ◽  
High Image Quality ◽  
Prediction Error Expansion ◽  
Error Expansion

<span>Reversible image authentication scheme is a technique that detects tampered areas in images and allows them to be reconstructed to their original version without any distortion. In this article, a new, reversible, image authentication scheme based on prediction error expansion is proposed for digital images. The proposed scheme classifies the host image into smooth blocks and complex blocks. Then, an authentication code that is created randomly with a seed is embedded adaptively into each image block. Experimental results showed that our proposed scheme achieves the high accuracy of tamper detection and preserved high image quality. Moreover, the proposed scheme achieved the reversibility, which is needed for some special applications, such as fine artwork, military images, and medical images. </span>

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