Mollusc-based paleoecological investigations of the Late Copper — Early Bronze Age earth mounds (kurgans) on the Great Hungarian Plain

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Szilágyi ◽  
Pál Sümegi ◽  
Dávid Molnár ◽  
Szilvia Sávai
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Original Surface ◽  
Great Hungarian Plain ◽  
Chernozem Soils ◽  
Hungarian Plain

AbstractThe malacological material of the mound bodies (kurgans) of the Great Hungarian Plain indicates a mixed vegetation of dry and humid environments, developed on a mosaic of alkaline and chernozem soils in the period of the construction of the kurgan. The malacofauna that evolved in the upper soil horizon of the mound indicates the extremely dry environmental conditions of steppes, charaterized by the dominance of thermoxerophilous species. Dominant species of this kurgan are Chondrula tridens, Helicopsis striata, Granaria frumentum and Cepaea vindobonensis. The species composition shows that there are differences in the malacofauna of the Danube-Tisa Interfluves region compared to that of the lowlands east of River Tisza, indicated by the higher dominance of Granaria frumentum and Helicopsis striata in the former region. Following the construction of the kurgans an island-like, dry habitat developed on their surface, covered by black soil and populated by a steppe fauna, the composition of which is comparable mostly with the mollusc fauna of loess steppes and forest steppe, irrespectively of the floodplain or wind-blown sand character of the original surface.

Ritual position and “tattooing ” techniques in the funeral practices of the “barrow cultures” of the Pontic-Caspian steppe / forest steppe area. Porohy 3A, Yampil Region, Vinnytsia Oblast : specialist analysis research perspectives

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-90
Author(s):  
Dorota Lorkiewicz-Muszyńska ◽  
Julia Sobol ◽  
Jerzy J. Langer ◽  
Aleksander Kośko ◽  
Piotr Włodarczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Funeral Practices ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

Abstract The present paper discusses the results of an interdisciplinary study of human remains in the form of two ulnae from a female skeleton found in grave 10, Porohy 3A site (Middle Dniester Area), dated to Early Bronze Age: 2650-2500 BC. The paper describes the technical aspects of applying the decorations revealed in the examination of the aforementioned bones.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCTION MODELS OF IRONWORKING IN FOREST – STEPPE AND STEPPE SCYTHIA (BELSKOYE AND KAMENSKOYE FORTIFIED SETTLEMENTS)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.И. Завьялов ◽  
Н.Н. Терехова
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Steppe Belt ◽  
Scythian Period ◽  
High Level

Скифский период время начала железного века в Восточной Европе, возникновения ремесленных центров. Наиболее яркими из них в лесостепной зоне является Бельское городище, в степной зоне Каменское городище. В результате археометаллографического исследования установлено, что технологический уровень развития железообработки в обоих центрах был высок. Но производственные модели существенно различались. На Бельском городище местное развитие кузнечного ремесла испытало воздействие высокоразвитого (вероятно, античного) производственного центра. На Каменском городище железообрабатывающее производство возникает под непосредственным влиянием кавказских производственных традиций. The Scythian period is the time of the Early Bronze Age in Eastern Europe and the emergence of craft centers. The Belskoye hillfort is the most impressive of such sites in the forest steppe belt, the same goes for the Kamenskoye fortified settlement located in the steppe belt. The archaeometallographic study found out that the technical level of ironworking development in the both centers had reached high level. However, production models differed substantially. Local blacksmith craft development at Belskoye was influenced by a highly developed (most likely, ancient Greek) production center. At Kamenskoye ironworking emerged under direct influence of Caucasian production traditions.

At the Dawn of Metallurgy: Bronze Casting Production of the Ob-Irtysh Forest-Steppe Population in the Early Bronze Age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Durakov ◽  
◽  
L.N. Mylnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Thermal Studies ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Archaeological Methods ◽  
Technical Ceramics ◽  
Bronze Casting ◽  
Functional Purpose ◽  
Casting Production

Th e monograph is devoted to the problems of studying the bronze casting production of the Ust-Tartasskaya, the Odinovskaya and the Krotovskaya cultures of the Barabinsk forest-steppe Early Bronze Age. Th e work was carried out within the framework of an integrated analytical approach, which includes the use of traditional archaeological methods and data obtained as a result of the application of natural sciences methods. A method for determining the functional purpose of technical ceramics fragments is proposed. Th e archaeological context of the fi nds is described in detail and the characteristics of the bronze casting sites are given. Products of the foundry set of production equipment are represented by fragments of nozzles, molds and crucibles. For each item, full descriptions, analogies, the results of binocular analysis of molding masses and thermal studies are given. An assessment to the cultural, chronological and innovative traditions of bronze casting in certain periods of the Bronze Age is given. Th e book is addressed to specialists-archaeologists, ethnographers and everyone who is interested in the most ancient industries among the population of Siberia.

Immigration and transhumance in the Early Bronze Age Carpathian Basin: the occupants of akurgan

Antiquity ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (334) ◽  
pp. 1097-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Gerling ◽  
Eszter Bánffy ◽  
János Dani ◽  
Kitti Köhler ◽  
Gabriella Kulcsár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Immigrant Group ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Copper Age ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Hungarian Plain

You never know until you look. The authors deconstruct a kurgan burial mound in the Great Hungarian Plain designated to the Yamnaya culture, to find it was actually shared by a number of different peoples. The Yamnaya were an influential immigrant group of the Late Copper Age/Early Bronze Age transition. The burials, already characterised by their grave goods, were radiocarbon dated and further examined using stable isotope analysis on the human teeth. The revealing sequence began with a young person of likely local origin buried around or even before the late fourth millennium BC—a few centuries before the arrival of the Yamnaya. It ended around 500 years later with a group of different immigrants, apparently from the eastern mountains. These are explained as contacts built up between the mountains and the plain through the practice of transhumance.

Foundries at Stary Tartas-5—an Early Bronze Age Site in the Baraba Forest-Steppe

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
I. A. Durakov ◽  
◽  
L. N. Mylnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Forest Steppe

В статье представлены результаты исследования участков со следами бронзолитейного производства на поселении одиновской культуры Старый Тартас-5 в Барабинской лесостепи. Рассмотрены два участка: один — на территории жилища № 1 — с очагом и ямами, расположенными вблизи теплотехнического устройства, другой — за пределами этого жилища — с плавильным горном. Даются характеристика объектов и информация об археологическом контексте находок. В работе приведены полные описания каждого предмета литейного комплекта производственной оснастки, аналоги этих находок, результаты бинокулярного анализа формовочных масс. На основе данных термогравиметрических исследований установлены функциональная принадлежность обломков технической керамики и кратность использования различных предметов литейного комплекта. Отмечено, что тигли в виде прямостенных баночек известны только по одному целому изделию из погр. № 286 могильника Тартас-1; в составе поселенческих комплексов одиновской культуры они ранее не встречались. Определены специализация жилища № 1 указанного поселения на бронзолитейном производстве и специфика организации данного производства как индивидуально-семейного. Подчеркнуто, что традиции бронзового литья одиновской культуры сохранились в традициях кротовской культуры и пополнились новациями: типичные для одиновской культуры тигли в виде овальных чашечек носители кротовской культуры в соответствии с особенностями своего производственного процесса делали с более толстым дном. Одиновские комплексы Барабинской лесостепи датируются в пределах первой половины III тыс. до н.э. Сделан вывод о том, что свидетельства бронзолитейного производства, выявленные на памятнике Старый Тартас-5, являются самыми ранними для данного региона, уровень этого производства у носителей одиновской культуры был высоким.

scholarly journals ‘Yampil Inspirations’: A Study of the Dniester Cultural Contact Area at the Frontier of Pontic and Baltic Drainage Basins

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 407-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Ivanova ◽  
Viktor I. Klochko ◽  
Aleksander Kośko ◽  
Marzena Szmyt ◽  
Gennadiy N. Toschev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Present State ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Cultural Contact ◽  
General Issue ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract The article presents the present state of research on the general issue of the Dniester Region of cultural contacts between communities settling the Baltic and Pontic drainage basins. Some five domains of research shall be brought to discussion in which it is possible to see fresh opportunities for archaeological study, on the basis of ‘Yampil studies’ on Dniester-Podolia (forest-steppe) barrow-culture ceremonial centres from the latter half of the 4th millennium and first half of the 3rd millennium BC. This relates to the peoples of the Eneolithic and the Early Bronze Age. In terms of topogenesis, embracing the Pontic-Tripolye, Yamnaya and Catacomb cultures, as well as Globular Amphora and Corded Ware in central prehistoric Europe.

Holocene pedogenesis peculiarities of the Early Bronze Age settlement near the village of Malchivtsi (the Bar district of the Vinnytsia region)

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
Zhanna Matviishyna ◽  
Oleksandr Parkhomenko
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Small Depth ◽  
Modern Soil

The paper concerns the issue of using paleopedological data in order to reconstruct the ancient Man environments during the different periods of the Holocene. The soil sections, located within the ancient settlement (the excavation №1) and outside it (the excavation №2, the modern soil), have been studied at the archeological site of the Early Bronze Age in the Bar district of the Vinnytsia region, 150 m SW of the Murafa River and 1 km SW of the Malchivtsi village. The samples were taken for grain-size, bulk chemical, and micromorphological analyses, and large-scale field sketches with smears of natural material were made. Micromorphology of soil genetic horizons has been analyzed in sections with intact structure. Podzolization, lessivage, and clay weathering were the main processes in the soil formation (excavation №1) that allows to define it as transitional between Greyzem and Luvisol. The fact that the soil profile includes a large number of ‘krotovinas’, and carbonate material is present in some of them indicates that the carbonate horizon was located at a small depth below the soil.The settlement existed under predominance of forest landscapes of a fairly humid climate, as it is evidenced by the soil profile. The modern soil was studied in order to compare it with the paleosol of the settlement. According to macro- and micromorphological features, the modern soil can be defined as brown- podzolic forest, which humus-eluvial horizon is depleted in organic-iron material and it includes a huge number of light “washed” areas without typical complex aggregates. Thus, the features of ancient and modern soils indicate their formation in a humid, moderately warm climate of the forest-steppe zone. However, the profile of the ancient soil of the settlement, formed on the sandy substrate, was better differentiated into the eluvial and illivial genetic horizons. It has a significant number of ‘krotovinas’ and the features typical for cultivated soils. If the ancient soil is more similar to the podzolic soils, which at present spread to the north of the studied area, the modern soil, formed on loamy substrate, is closer to the Luvisol but still with the features of podsolization. This soil type evidences a wetter climate regime as compared to the ancient soil. The features of lessivage may indicate the dominance of deciduous (beech-hornbeam) forests in this area (the composition of their leaf mould is enriched in carbonates).

scholarly journals Genomes From Verteba Cave Suggest Diversity Within The Trypillians In Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pere Gelabert ◽  
Ryan W. Schmidt ◽  
Daniel M. Fernandes ◽  
Jordan K. Karsten ◽  
Thomas K. Harper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Steppe Region ◽  
Third Millennium Bce ◽  
Transition To Agriculture ◽  
Fifth Millennium Bce

Abstract The transition to agriculture occurred relatively late in Eastern Europe, leading researchers to debate whether it was a gradual, interactive process or a colonization event. In the forest and forest-steppe regions of Ukraine, farming appeared during the fifth millennium BCE, associated with the Cucuteni-Trypillian Archaeological Complex (CTCC, 4800-3000 BCE). Across Europe, the Neolithization process was highly variable across space and over time. Here, we investigate the population dynamics of early agriculturalists from the eastern forest-steppe region based on analyses of 20 ancient genomes from the Verteba Cave site (3789-980 BCE). The results reveal that the CTCC individuals’ ancestry is related to both western hunter gatherers and Near Eastern farmers, lacks local ancestry associated with Ukrainian Neolithic hunter gatherers and has steppe ancestry. An Early Bronze Age individual has an ancestry profile related to the Yamnaya expansions but with 20% ancestry related to the other Trypillian individuals, which suggests admixture between the Trypillians and the incoming populations carrying steppe-related ancestry. A Late Bronze Age individual dated to 980-948 BCE has a genetic profile indicating affinity to Beaker-related populations, detected close to 1,000 years after the end of the Bell Beaker phenomenon during the Third millennium BCE.

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