scholarly journals Influence of Menstrual Cycle on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in the Knee: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-274
Author(s):  
Anton Tomšič ◽  
Marjan Bilban ◽  
Matej Drobnič
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Ligament Injuries ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Abstract Anterior cruciate ligament injuries of the knee represent an increasing problem among the active female population in comparison to their male counterparts. Besides temporary or prolonged joint dysfunction, such injuries may predispose an individual to early osteo-arthritis. Recognizing the sex differences is essential for the determination of preventive measures against these injuries. Besides anatomical and biomechanical differences, the role of hormonal oscillation during the menstrual cycle has been hypothesized. This manuscript presents a literature review based on cruciate ligament and menstrual cycle research published between 1992 and 2012. According to the experimental and epidemiologic studies, menstrual cycle was shown to be linked to anterior cruciate ligament injuries. The pre-ovulatory phase represents an increased risk, with the peak serum levels of estrogen emerging toward the end of that phase. However, the significance of menstrual cycle seems to be of lesser importance in preventive measures against female anterior cruciate injuries.

Association Between the Menstrual Cycle and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Female Athletes

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 614-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Wojtys ◽  
Laura J. Huston ◽  
Thomas N. Lindenfeld ◽  
Timothy E. Hewett ◽  
Mary Lou V. H. Greenfield
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Ligament Injuries ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Anterior cruciate ligament injury rates are four to eight times higher in women than in men. Because of estrogen's direct effect on collagen metabolism and behavior and because neuromuscular performance varies during the menstrual cycle, it is logical to question the menstrual cycle's effect on knee injury rates. Of 40 consecutive female athletes with acute anterior cruciate ligament injuries (less than 3 months), 28 (average age, 23 11 years) met the study criteria of regular menstrual periods and noncontact injury. Details concerning mechanism of injury, menstrual cycle, contraceptive use, and previous injury history were collected. A chi-square test was used to compute observed and expected frequencies of anterior cruciate ligament injury based on three different phases of the menstrual cycle: follicular (days 1 to 9), ovulatory (days 10 to 14), and luteal (day 15 to end of cycle). A significant statistical association was found between the stage of the menstrual cycle and the likelihood for an anterior cruciate ligament injury (P 0.03). In particular, there were more injuries than expected in the ovulatory phase of the cycle. In contrast, significantly fewer injuries occurred in the follicular phase. These hormones may be a factor in the knee ligament injury dilemma in women.

The Incidence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries among Competitive Alpine Skiers

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1070-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Pujol ◽  
Marie Philippe Rousseaux Blanchi ◽  
Pierre Chambat
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Ligament Injuries ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ◽  
Alpine Skiers ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background Little is known about the evolution of anterior cruciate ligament injury rates among elite alpine skiers. Purpose To evaluate epidemiologic aspects of anterior cruciate ligament injuries among competitive alpine skiers during the last 25 years. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods Data were collected from elite French national teams (379 athletes: 188 women and 191 men) from 1980 to 2005. Results Fifty-three of the female skiers (28.2%) and 52 of the male skiers (27.2%) sustained at least 1 anterior cruciate ligament injury. The overall anterior cruciate ligament injury incidence was 8.5 per 100 skier-seasons. The primary anterior cruciate ligament injury rate was 5.7 per 100 skier-seasons. The prevalence of reinjury (same knee) was 19%. The prevalence of a bilateral injury (injury of the other knee) was 30.5%. At least 1 additional anterior cruciate ligament surgery (mean, 2.4 procedures) was required for 39% of the injured athletes. Men and women were similar with regard to primary anterior cruciate ligament injury rate (P = .21), career remaining after the injury (P = .44), and skiing specialty (P = .5). There were more anterior cruciate ligament injuries (primary, bilateral, reinjuries) among athletes ranking in the world Top 30 (P < .001). Anterior cruciate ligament-injured athletes had a career length of 7.5 years, whereas athletes with no anterior cruciate ligament injury had a career of 4.5 years (P < .001). Finally, injury rates remained constant over time. Conclusion Anterior cruciate ligament injury rates (primary injury, bilateral injury, reinjury) among national competitive alpine skiers are high and have not declined in the last 25 years. Finding a way to prevent anterior cruciate ligament injury in this population is a very important goal.

MECHANISMS OF ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURIES IN VOLLEYBALL

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 338.3-339
Author(s):  
Yukiko Karita ◽  
Yuka Kimura ◽  
Yuji Yamamoto ◽  
Takuya Naraoka ◽  
Shizuka Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Ligament Injuries ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ◽  
Anterior Cruciate
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