scholarly journals A hierarchical decomposition of decision process Petri nets for modeling complex systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Clempner
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Petri Nets ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Decomposition Process ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Hierarchical Decomposition ◽  
Decision Points ◽  
Hierarchical Decision ◽  
Global Equilibrium

A hierarchical decomposition of decision process Petri nets for modeling complex systemsWe provide a framework for hierarchical specification called Hierarchical Decision Process Petri Nets (HDPPNs). It is an extension of Decision Process Petri Nets (DPPNs) including a hierarchical decomposition process that generates less complex nets with equivalent behavior. As a result, the complexity of the analysis for a sophisticated system is drastically reduced. In the HDPPN, we represent the mark-dynamic and trajectory-dynamic properties of a DPPN. Within the framework of the mark-dynamic properties, we show that the HDPPN theoretic notions of (local and global) equilibrium and stability are those of the DPPN. As a result in the trajectory-dynamic properties framework, we obtain equivalent characterizations of that of the DPPN for final decision points and stability. We show that the HDPPN mark-dynamic and trajectory-dynamic properties of equilibrium, stability and final decision points coincide under some restrictions. We propose an algorithm for optimum hierarchical trajectory planning. The hierarchical decomposition process is presented under a formal treatment and is illustrated with application examples.

scholarly journals PREVISIONI INCERTE DECISIONI DIFFICILI

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Guagenti Grandori
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Decision Problems ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Acceptable Risk ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Catastrophic Events ◽  
Competing Models ◽  
Short Term Prediction

This work focuses on decision problems concerning risk reduction in the case of catastrophic events, which are scarsely predictable but associated to severe expected damage. A cryterium is outlined in order to judge the relative credibility of competing models. The knowledge-decision process is dissected in its components. The steps of the procedure from knowledge to final decision are analyzed. The effectiveness of short-term prediction and the choice of the acceptable risk are also discussed. A few case studies, related to earthquakes, landslides and pollution, are exposed.

scholarly journals Combined approach architecture development to simulation modeling of systems with parallelism

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4(112)) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
Oksana Suprunenko
Keyword(s):  
Petri Nets ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Integral Model ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Holistic Model ◽  
Event Modeling ◽  
Analytical Tools

Paradigms and graphical-analytical tools for building simulation tools and forming the architecture of a combined approach to studying the dynamic properties of systems with parallelism are described. An extension of the formal language of Petri nets is presented, which has greater modeling power than WF nets. The properties of hierarchical Petri nets are used to synthesize a holistic model. Discrete-event modeling and modeling of dynamic systems, which allow reflecting the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the elements of the systems under study, served as the basis for the combined approach to the simulation of systems with parallelism. On their basis, graphic-analytical tools are proposed that provide the ability to describe the modeled system, adhering to the principle of structural similarity. They have dynamic simulations that make it easy to visually analyze and correct the model. Also, the proposed toolkit provides for the analysis of the dynamic properties of the model, which makes it possible to identify accumulated phenomena that can lead to unpredictability of the system’s functioning. A conceptual model for the synthesis and analysis of systems with parallelism is proposed, which provides for the construction of the components of the model based on the architecture. Their step-by-step analysis and the formation of an integral model of the software system are carried out using a network representation, according to the matrix description of which invariants are calculated. The analysis of invariants allows one to obtain the dynamic properties of the model and determine the localization of structures that lead to critical situations when they are detected. The architecture of the combined approach to the simulation of systems with parallelism is built, which provides the study of their dynamic properties to improve the reliability of the functioning of software systems

Product Line Stakeholder Preference Elicitation via Decision Processes

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Bashari ◽  
Mahdi Noorian ◽  
Ebrahim Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Utility Function ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Optimal Strategy ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Product Configuration ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Utility Elicitation ◽  
Decision Points ◽  
Elicitation Process

In the software product line configuration process, certain features are selected based on the stakeholders' needs and preferences regarding the available functional and quality properties. This book chapter presents how a product configuration can be modeled as a decision process and how an optimal strategy representing the stakeholders' desirable configuration can be found. In the decision process model of product configuration, the product is configured by making decisions at a number of decision points. The decisions at each of these decision points contribute to functional and quality attributes of the final product. In order to find an optimal strategy for the decision process, a utility-based approach can be adopted, through which, the strategy with the highest utility is selected as the optimal strategy. In order to define utility for each strategy, a multi-attribute utility function is defined over functional and quality properties of a configured product and a utility elicitation process is then introduced for finding this utility function. The utility elicitation process works based on asking gamble queries over functional and quality requirement from the stakeholder. Using this utility function, the optimal strategy and therefore optimal product configuration is determined.

Assessment of Arms Import Policies Using a Hierarchical Decision Model and Expert Judgments: Case Study of South Korean Arms Procurement Organizations

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (06) ◽  
pp. 1950045
Author(s):  
Sung Jin Kim ◽  
Nasir Jamil Sheikh ◽  
Gerald Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Decision Model ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Hierarchical Decision ◽  
Hierarchical Decision Model ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Decision Elements

Arms import decisions have a significant impact on certain nations. Priorities based on diverse policies are a major cause of conflict and dissent among policy decision makers and practitioners. This is because there are many competing qualitative and quantitative decision elements from varying perspectives. Hence, it has been difficult to compare them and rank their contributions to the final decision. Instead, a common approach has been to make decisions reacting to the situation at hand and on a case by case basis. Another approach is to use a rational decision model and expert judgments to assess arms import policies. For this, a hierarchical decision model (HDM) is used to identify the decision elements. Once a model framework is established many aspects of the results can be studied. In this research, a decision model based on technology, economics, politics, industry, and military (TEPIM) perspectives is developed for assessment of arms import policies. The case of the Republic of Korea is considered. The perspectives and their composite criteria are then ranked using the consensus of panels of experts and decision makers. An important aspect of expert judgment consensus is the management and analysis of disagreements. This study includes hierarchical cluster analyses and MANOVA of the disagreements between the decision makers and practitioners. We have confirmed that the stakeholder arms procurement organizations are guided by their organizational mission and this has an impact on their policy priorities and hence can result in disagreements.

Translating Allusions

Target ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritva Leppihalme
Keyword(s):  
Decision Process ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Reader Responses ◽  
Minimum Change ◽  
Hierarchical Decision

Abstract This paper presents a systematization of translation strategies for key-phrase allusions, in the form of a hierarchical decision process. Actual translatorial practice in Finland, judging by seven translations of novels, favours the strategy of minimum change. This low-effort strategy is useful when allusions are transcultural, but will often lead to flat translations and loss of connotations in the case of unfamiliar allusions, even resulting in a failure to convey the message, as evidenced by reader responses. Adoption of a more creative and reader-oriented translatorial role would offer a wider variety of translation strategies and lead to a decrease of "culture bumps" in translations.

Synthesis of Macro Petri Nets into FPGA with Distributed Memories

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Bukowiec ◽  
Marian Adamski
Keyword(s):  
Petri Nets ◽  
Petri Net ◽  
Parallel Implementation ◽  
State Machine ◽  
Logic Circuit ◽  
Digital System ◽  
Decomposition Process ◽  
New Method ◽  
Combinational Circuit ◽  
Distributed Memories

Abstract In this paper a new method of Petri net array-based synthesis is proposed. The method is based on decomposition of colored interpreted macro Petri net into state machine subnets. Each state machine subnet is determined by one color. During the decomposition process macroplaces are expanded or replaced by doublers of macroplace. Such decomposition leads to parallel implementation of a digital system. The structured encoding of places is done by using minimal numbers of bits. Colored microoperations, which are assigned to places, are written into distributed and flexible memories. It leads to realization of a logic circuit in a two-level concurrent structure, where the combinational circuit of the first level is responsible for firing transitions, and the second level memories are used for generation of microoperations. Such an approach allows balanced usage of different kinds of resources available in modern FPGAs

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