scholarly journals Potential of Oyster Mushrooms for the Biocontrol of Sugar Beet Nematode (Heterodera Schachtii)

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Palizi ◽  
E. Goltapeh ◽  
Ebrahim Pourjam ◽  
Naser Safaie
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Oyster Mushrooms ◽  
Sugar Beet Cyst Nematode ◽  
Fungal Colony

Potential of Oyster Mushrooms for the Biocontrol of Sugar Beet Nematode (Heterodera Schachtii)The potential of oyster mushrooms to attack and kill sugar beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii) was studied. The ability ofPleurotus ostreatus, P. sajor-caju, P. florida, P. flabellatus, P. ostreatus(sporeless),P. eryngiiandHypsizygus ulmariusto prey on the cyst nematode was confirmed. Nematodes were inoculated on water agar plates on which a single sparse fungal colony of one of the above mentioned fungi was grown. Nematodes were quickly immobilized after inoculation the plates with eachPleurotusspecies, with mortality of about 96%, 72%, 55%, 52%, 20%, 23% and 62%, respectively. Nematicidal activities of culture filtrates ofPleurotusspecies andH. ulmariusagainstH. schachtiiwere also studiedin vitro.Extracts ofP. ostreatuscould paralyse 90% of nematodes whereasP. eryngiicould paralyse only 50% of nematodes. The efficacy of old mushroom compost from cultures ofP. ostreatusandP. sajor-cajuin controlling cysts on sugar beet (Beta vulgarisICI) were studied under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that 100 and 200 grams of mushroom compost per 3 kilogram/pot could significantly control cysts, reducing more than 85% cysts in soil. Presence of cysts on the roots and larvae inside roots were compared with the control treatment.

scholarly journals Development of a Species-Specific SCAR-PCR Assay for Direct Detection of Sugar Beet Cyst Nematode (Heterodera schachtii) from Infected Roots and Soil Samples

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1358
Author(s):  
Chen Jiang ◽  
Yingdong Zhang ◽  
Ke Yao ◽  
Sulaiman Abdulsalam ◽  
Guangkuo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Beet Cyst Nematode ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Sugar Beet Cyst Nematode

Sugar beet cyst nematode (SBCN, Heterodera schachtii) is an important nematode that causes significant yield losses of 25–50% or more in most areas of sugar beet production worldwide. Rapid and accurate identification of this species is essential to support decisions on pest management. However, the difference between H. schachtii and other Heterodera spp. based on morphology is a challenging task. In the present study, a SCAR-PCR assay was developed to identify and differentiate H. schachtii in infected root and soil samples. H. schachtii-species-specific SCAR-PCR primers OPA06-HsF and OPA06-HsR were designed from the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker amplified with random primer OPA06. The developed primers specifically amplify a 922-bp fragment from the target populations but did not amplify DNA from non-target cyst nematodes including Heterodera, Globodera, Cactodera, and other related species tested in this study. The sensitivity detection indicated that 5 × 10−4 of a single cyst, 1/320 of a single second-stage juvenile (J2), or 10 pg of genomic DNA could be detected. The assay accurately identifies the different stages of H. schachtii in sugar beet and oilseed rape roots as well as a single J2 in 10 g of soil. Finally, the SCAR-PCR assay detected H. schachtii in seven samples out of the fifteen field samples. The assay will not only be useful for differentiating H. schachtii from mixed populations of Heterodera spp. but also for effective detection of the species directly from infested samples. The assay also requires no expertise in the taxonomy and morphology of the species but serves to improve the diagnosis of H. schachtii in infested fields.

Sugar beet nematode Heterodera schachtii distribution and harmfulness in Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Pylypenko ◽  
K. Kalatur ◽  
J. Hallmann
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Beet Cyst Nematode ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Sugar Beet Cyst Nematode

Aim. To determine the distribution of sugar beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii in Ukraine, to defi ne its population density in soil, the degree of damage and the effi ciency of control measures. Methods. Field survey for soil samples, cyst extraction by fl otation and sieving method, light microscopy. Results. The examination of 12,130 ha of agricultural fi elds in six regions of Ukraine, conducted in 2010–2015, recorded the sugar beet cyst nematode to occur in fi ve of them (Kyiv, Chernihiv, Cherkasy, Khmelnytsky, and Vinnytsia), at a total area of 2,572 ha. Taking into consideration the results of previous nematological surveys, the presence of sugar beet cyst nematode has now been documented for 18 regions of Ukraine. In most regions H. schachtii was present in 10–11 % of the examined sugar and seed producing farms with nematode population densities reaching up to 142,000 eggs and juveniles in 100 cc of soil (710-fold above the economic threshold). Conclusions. The main reasons for this wide distribution of H. schachtii in Ukraine are seen in the negligence of prevention measures, unavailability of documented data on its occurrence (missing surveys), crop rotations with over 20 % of host plants, and unavailability of effi cient nematicides and domestic nematode-resistant sugar beet cultivars.

First Report of Sugar Beet Cyst Nematode, Heterodera schachtii on Beetroot and Broccoli in Mexico

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 1434-1434
Author(s):  
I. M. Escobar-Avila ◽  
Y. Cruz-Alvarado ◽  
A. Tovar-Soto ◽  
S. A. Subbotin
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
First Report ◽  
Beet Cyst Nematode ◽  
Sugar Beet Cyst Nematode

Partial isolation of a water soluble pheromone from the sugar beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii, using a novel bioassay

Nematology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterini Riga ◽  
John Potter ◽  
Michael Jonz ◽  
A. Joffre Mercier
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Beet Cyst Nematode ◽  
Partial Isolation ◽  
Sugar Beet Cyst Nematode

AbstractThe sex pheromone of female Heterodera schachtii, the sugar beet cyst nematode, was partially isolated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Female-conditioned medium (FCM), produced by incubating 20 H. schachtii females in 1 ml of ultrapure water, attracted males in a concentration dependent manner. The attractive material was not contained within the female gelatinous matrix and did not attract second stage juveniles (J2). Characterisation of FCM revealed that the attractive material was water soluble and heat stable. Male H. schachtii exhibited stylet thrusting behaviour upon exposure to FCM, and this behaviour was used as a novel indicator of biological activity.

scholarly journals Population Dynamics of Sugar-Beet Cyst Nematode (Heterodera Schachtii) On Spring and Winter Oilseed Rape Crops

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Dobosz ◽  
Stefan Kornobis
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Beet Cyst Nematode ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Sugar Beet Cyst Nematode

Population Dynamics of Sugar-Beet Cyst Nematode (Heterodera Schachtii) On Spring and Winter Oilseed Rape Crops The influence of spring as well as winter oilseed rape on the change in population density of H. schachtii was investigated in microplot experiment in the years 2002-2005. The spring oilseed rape caused the increase of nematode population (Pf/Pi were 1.31-1.79), in contrast to winter oilseed rape where the population distinctly decreased (Pf/Pi were 0.49-0.59). No statistically important differences between winter oilseed rape crops and fallow were observed. Comparative observations of the life cycle were carried out in pot experiments outdoors. On spring oilseed rape only one generation was completed. The development of the second generation was interrupted because of crop harvesting. In winter oilseed rape J3 and J4 occurred in roots in the autumn where they probably did not over-winter, except of the years 2006-2007. In the spring there was a second emergence of larvae and adult females were observed in June and July. The development of the second generation was interrupted because of harvesting. In winter oilseed rape sown in the spring one generation was completed.

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