scholarly journals Preliminary Analysis of Phylogenetic Relationships Among Palaearctic Simuliinae (Diptera, Simuliidae) Inferred From Morphological Characters

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
K. B. Sukhomlin
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Consensus Trees ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Group Relationships

Abstract Phylogenetic relationships among the Palaearctic genera of the subfamily Simuliinae are analyzed based on the matrix of 100 morphological characters and 37 taxa, including 6 outgroups. Parsimonic analysis was resulted in 3 consensus trees (weighting based on CI, RI and RC indices) of slightly different topology, which show monophyly of the subfamily Simuliinae, tribes Stegopternini, Nevermanniini, Wilhelmiini and Simuliini, and a possible sister-group relationships between the latter two tribes. Tribe Ectemniini is apparently a paraphyletic formation. The analysis also supports transferring of the Stegopternini and Nevermanniini from Prosimuliinae to Simuliinae.

Phylogenetic relationships and evolution in the genus Dissodactylus Smith, 1870 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 2292-2310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Evolutionary Scenario ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Group Relationships ◽  
Sand Dollars ◽  
Pacific Species

A cladogram indicating sister-group relationships within the pinnotherid crab genus Dissodactylus is constructed from analysis of 28 morphological characters. The outgroup method was used to determine character polarities. Parapinnixa and Sakaina are shown to be a monophyletic group, and are suggested to be the sister group of Dissodactylus. Within Dissodactylus, two mutually exclusive, monophyletic subgroups are found, one containing nine, the other four species. Both of these groups include Atlantic and Pacific representatives. Two Atlantic–Pacific species pairs are suggested to be sister species (D. mellitae–D. glasselli and D. primitivus–D. schmitti). Members of the group of nine species are inhabitants primarily of mellitid sand dollars, although one species, D. primitivus, is a symbiont of heart urchins (Spatangoida). Members of the group of four species are inhabitants of sea biscuits of the genus Clypeaster (Clypeasteridae). An evolutionary scenario is presented, which suggests that a free-living ancestor colonized mellitid sand dollars, and subsequent specializations led to the colonizations of the genus Clypeaster and genera of Spatangoida.

Monogenoidean parasites of Acestrorhynchus falcatus (Characiformes: Acestrorhynchidae) from Pará, Brazil: species of Diaphorocleidus and Rhinoxenoides n. gen. (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-219
Author(s):  
J.F. Santos Neto ◽  
N.G.S. Costa ◽  
G.B. Soares ◽  
M.V. Domingues
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Accessory Piece ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Copulatory Organ ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Ventral Anchor ◽  
Dorsal Anchor ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Group Relationships ◽  
One New Species

AbstractTwo new species of Diaphorocleidus and one new species of Rhinoxenoides n. gen. are described from the gills of Acestrorhynchus falcatus (Bloch) from rivers of north-eastern Pará, Brazil. Diaphorocleidus jaymedeloyolai n. sp. is characterized by a male copulatory organ (MCO) possessing three counterclockwise coils; similar anchors with subtriangular superficial roots; a ventral bar with posteromedial projection; and hooks of pairs 1, 4 and 7 approximately three times longer than hook pair 5. Diaphorocleidus sclerocolpus n. sp. differs from its congeners by a dual-branched accessory piece articulated with the MCO and a sclerotized tubular vagina with a bottle-shaped vestibule. Rhinoxenoides n. gen. is proposed and is characterized by possessing: MCO sclerotized with clockwise coils; an accessory piece articulated to the base of MCO; a sinistroventral vaginal aperture; ventral anchor with conspicuous roots; dorsal anchor with superficial root five times longer than deep root; and absence of dorsal bar. The proposal of Rhinoxenoides n. gen. is also supported by its phylogenetic relationship with Protorhinoxenus prochilodi and species of Rhinoxenus, using 16 morphological characters, which resulted in the following hypothesis of sister-group relationships: Rhinoxenoides n. gen. [Protorhinoxenus (Rhinoxenus curimatae (R. nyttus (R. bulbovaginatus (R. guianensis, R. piranhus, R. euryxenus (R. arietinus, R. anaclaudiae)))))].

scholarly journals Cretaceous origin and repeated tertiary diversification of the redefined butterflies

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1731) ◽  
pp. 1093-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Heikkilä ◽  
Lauri Kaila ◽  
Marko Mutanen ◽  
Carlos Peña ◽  
Niklas Wahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Bayesian Approaches ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Although the taxonomy of the ca 18 000 species of butterflies and skippers is well known, the family-level relationships are still debated. Here, we present, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the superfamilies Papilionoidea, Hesperioidea and Hedyloidea to date based on morphological and molecular data. We reconstructed their phylogenetic relationships using parsimony and Bayesian approaches. We estimated times and rates of diversification along lineages in order to reconstruct their evolutionary history. Our results suggest that the butterflies, as traditionally understood, are paraphyletic, with Papilionidae being the sister-group to Hesperioidea, Hedyloidea and all other butterflies. Hence, the families in the current three superfamilies should be placed in a single superfamily Papilionoidea. In addition, we find that Hedylidae is sister to Hesperiidae, and this novel relationship is supported by two morphological characters. The families diverged in the Early Cretaceous but diversified after the Cretaceous–Palaeogene event. The diversification of butterflies is characterized by a slow speciation rate in the lineage leading to Baronia brevicornis , a period of stasis by the skippers after divergence and a burst of diversification in the lineages leading to Nymphalidae, Riodinidae and Lycaenidae.

scholarly journals Restructuring the Ancorabolidae Sars (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) and Cletodidae T. Scott, with a new phylogenetic hypothesis regarding the relationships of the Laophontoidea T. Scott, Ancorabolidae and Cletodidae

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-498
Author(s):  
Kai Horst George
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Swimming Leg

Uncovering the systematics of CopepodaHarpacticoida, the second-most abundant component of the meiobenthos after Nematoda, is of major importance for any further research dedicated especially to ecological and biogeographical approaches. Based on the evolution of the podogennontan first swimming leg, a new phylogenetic concept of the Ancorabolidae Sars and Cletodidae T. Scott sensu Por (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) is presented, using morphological characteristics. It confirms the polyphyletic status of the Ancorabolidae and its subfamily Ancorabolinae Sars and the paraphyletic status of the subfamily Laophontodinae Lang. Moreover, it clarifies the phylogenetic relationships of the so far assigned members of the family. An exhaustive phylogenetic analysis was undertaken using 150 morphological characters, resulting in the establishment of a now well-justified monophylum Ancorabolidae. In that context, the Ancorabolus-lineage sensu Conroy-Dalton and Huys is elevated to sub-family rank. Furthermore, the membership of Ancorabolina George in a rearranged monophylum Laophontodinae is confirmed. Conversely, the Ceratonotus-group sensu Conroy-Dalton is transferred from the hitherto Ancorabolinae to the Cletodidae. Within these, the Ceratonotus-group and its hypothesised sister-group Cletodes Brady are combined to form a monophyletic subfamily Cletodinae T. Scott, subfam. nov. Consequently, it was necessary to restructure the Ancorabolidae, Ancorabolinae and Laophontodinae and extend the Cletodidae to include the displacement and exclusion of certain taxa. Moreover, comparison of the Ancorabolidae, Cletodidae, Laophontoidea and other Podogennonta shows that the Ancorabolidae and Cletodidae form sister-groups in a monophylum Cletodoidea Bowman and Abele, which similarly has a sister-group-relationship with the Laophontoidea T. Scott. According to the present study, both taxa constitute a derived monophylum within the Podogennonta Lang.

scholarly journals Reconstructing the phylogeny of new world monkeys (platyrrhini): evidence from multiple non-coding loci

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Wang ◽  
Burton K Lim ◽  
Nelson Ting ◽  
Jingyang Hu ◽  
Yunpeng Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New World ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
New World Monkeys ◽  
Independent Sequence ◽  
Tree Inference ◽  
Intergenic Regions ◽  
Group Relationships ◽  
Rapid Radiations

Abstract Among mammalian phylogenies, those characterized by rapid radiations are particularly problematic. The New World monkeys (NWMs, Platyrrhini) comprise 3 families and 7 subfamilies, which radiated within a relatively short time period. Accordingly, their phylogenetic relationships are still largely disputed. In the present study, 56 nuclear non-coding loci, including 33 introns (INs) and 23 intergenic regions (IGs), from 20 NWM individuals representing 18 species were used to investigate phylogenetic relationships among families and subfamilies. Of the 56 loci, 43 have not been used in previous NWM phylogenetics. We applied concatenation and coalescence tree-inference methods, and a recently proposed question-specific approach to address NWM phylogeny. Our results indicate incongruence between concatenation and coalescence methods for the IN and IG datasets. However, a consensus was reached with a single tree topology from all analyses of combined INs and IGs as well as all analyses of question-specific loci using both concatenation and coalescence methods, albeit with varying degrees of statistical support. In detail, our results indicated the sister-group relationships between the families Atelidae and Pitheciidae, and between the subfamilies Aotinae and Callithrichinae among Cebidae. Our study provides insights into the disputed phylogenetic relationships among NWM families and subfamilies from the perspective of multiple non-coding loci and various tree-inference approaches. However, the present phylogenetic framework needs further evaluation by adding more independent sequence data and a deeper taxonomic sampling. Overall, our work has important implications for phylogenetic studies dealing with rapid radiations.

scholarly journals Phylogeny of infraorder Sejina (Acari: Mesostigmata)

Zootaxa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 629 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIAM LEKVEISHVILI ◽  
HANS KLOMPEN
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Dna Sequence Data

Phylogenetic relationships among the families in the infraorder Sejina and the position of Sejina relative to other infraorders of Mesostigmata are re-examined based on molecular and morphological data. Data sets included DNA sequence data for complete 18S, EF-1 , partial CO1genes, and 69 morphological characters. The two families of Heterozerconina consistently group within Sejina, and we propose to synonymize Heterozerconina with Sejina (Sejina s.l). Microgyniina is not the closest relative of Sejina. Rather, Sejina s.l. most often groups with Gamasina. Uropodellidae and Ichthyostomatogasteridae are sister groups and this lineage forms the sister group to Discozerconidae plus Heterozerconidae. Overall, we recognize 5 families within Sejina: Uropodellidae, Ichthyostomatogasteridae, Sejidae, Discozerconidae, and Heterozerconidae.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic relationships of the species of Acestridium Haseman, 1911 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica S. Rodriguez ◽  
Maria Laura S. Delapieve ◽  
Roberto E. Reis
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Parsimony Analysis

A phylogeny of the species of the loricariid genus Acestridium and relevant outgroups is presented based on a parsimony analysis of 52 unweighted and unordered morphological characters. Acestridium is diagnosed as monophyletic based on the possession of the 17 exclusive synapomorphies. Two primary trees were found, and the strict consensus among those alternative trees resulted in the following relationships: ((A. dichromum + A. triplax)(A. gymnogaster + A. scutatum + (A. discus (A. colombiensis + A. martini)))). Acestridium was found to be sister to Niobichthys with this clade subsequently the sister-group to Oxyropsis + Hypoptopoma.

Phylogenetic analysis of the small fungivorous family Merothripidae (Thysanoptera)

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-409
Author(s):  
Veronica Pereyra
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
First Approximation ◽  
Close Relatives

AbstractA phylogenetic analysis of the fungivorous Terebrantia family Merothripidae is performed based on 73 morphological characters and 24 taxa representing the three genera of Merothripidae and outgroups. Heterothrips mexicanus Watson, Heterothripidae; Dorythrips Hood, Melanthripidae; and two genera of Aeolothripidae,Gelothrips Bhatti and Orothrips Moulton represent the outgroup. The Melanthripidae and Aeolothripidae genera are included in order to have a first approximation of the phylogenetic relationships between Merothripidae and these two families (previously suggested to be close relatives). According to the results, the monophyly of Merothripidae is recovered; within Merothripidae, Erotidothrips is the sister group of Damerothrips+Merothrips. Dorythrips is supported as the sister group of Merothripidae, and Aeolothripidae are the sister group to that clade. Additionally, Merothripidae genera are diagnosed and illustrated.

Phylogenetic analysis of Micracidini bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) demonstrates a single trans-Atlantic disjunction and inclusion ofCactopinusin the New World clade

2016 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarte H. Jordal ◽  
Johanna Kaidel
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
New World ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
External Data ◽  
Group Relationships ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

AbstractMicracidini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is an unusual tribe of mainly bigynous bark beetles found in dry forests and scrublands in Afrotropical and Neotropical regions. Their phylogenetic relationship to other bark beetle groups is poorly known with few clues from external morphology. Hence, a phylogenetic analysis of five genes (COI, EF-1a, 28S, CAD, ArgK) and morphological (internal and external) data was conducted to test potential sister group relationships, including 56 outgroup genera in 22 tribes, and 18 species in 10 genera of Micracidini.CactopinusSchwarz – a genus with many cactus feeding species – was nested within a clade of all Neotropical and Nearctic genera. The New World was colonised by an Afrotropical ancestor about 75–85 million years ago, where cactus feeding inCactopinusevolved much later. All analyses indicated a paraphyletic clade of Afrotropical micracidines, strongly supporting inclusion of the Ipini genusDendrochilusSchedl inAfromicracisSchedl. Hypoborini appear to be one of the more plausible sistergroup candidates to Micracidini, and revealed morphological similarity in protibial and proventricular characters. Most phylogenetic results were supported independently by morphological and molecular data and therefore document the power of thorough examination of morphological characters analysed properly in a phylogenetic context.

scholarly journals Descriptive morphology and phylogenetic relationships among species of the Neotropical annual killifish genera Nematolebias and Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson J. E. M. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Neural Spine ◽  
Base Loss ◽  
Annual Fish ◽  
Separate Genus ◽  
Dorsal Portion ◽  
Dorsal Process ◽  
Ventral Process

Structures of the external morphology and skeleton of the annual fish genera Nematolebias and Simpsonichthys are described and illustrated. Phylogenetic relationships among all included species of both genera and other cynolebiatins are estimated, based on 116 morphological characters in a total of 50 terminal taxa. Nematolebias is hypothesized to be the sister group of a clade including Simpsonichthys, Austrolebias , Megalebias, and Cynolebias, which is diagnosed by ventral portion of mesopterygoid not overlapping quadrate, third neural spine approximately as wide as fourth neural spine, ventral condyle of coracoid narrow, scales slightly extending over anal-fin base, loss of vomerine teeth, loss of neuromast anterior to infraorbital series, ventral process of the angulo-articular short and narrow, and dorsal portion of cleithrum elongated. Simpsonichthys is divided into five subgenera, including Spectrolebias, previously considered a separate genus, Simpsonichthys, and three new subgenera, Xenurolebias, Ophthalmolebias, and Hypsolebias. Monophyly of Simpsonichthys is supported by a small pointed dorsal process on the palatine, unbranched fin rays on the tip of the dorsal and anal fins in males, and frontal Escales overlapped.

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