This paper examines the current challenges in urban waste managementsystems under EU regulations for a newcomer state. Piatra Neamț is amongthe first Romanian cities which made the transition from a traditional to amodern waste management infrastructure through ISPA funds. These changesare poorly reflected in the rate of recycling and treatment so faraccording to the analysis of waste streams. The paper performs a criticalreview of waste management services and also assesses the vulnerability toillegal dumping. Inappropriate sites of waste management facilitiescontribute to environmental pollution and urban landscape degradation.Comparative analysis between pre-accession period vs. current situationhighlights one the one hand the improvements in this sector and on theother hand the difficulties to comply EU targets.