Evaluation of Suitable IPM Module for Management of YMV Disease in Mungbean under West Central Table Land Zone of Odisha

Background: YMV disease in mungbean is one of the major disease causing heavy losses annually throughout the country. As the disease is transmitted by insect vector, management of vector is important to check the YMV disease that can minimise the losses. The present investigation was aimed to evaluate different IPM modules for management of YMV disease of mungbean. Methods: Field experiments were carried out during Rabi season of 2016-17 and 2017-18 at the Research Farm of Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station, Chiplima, Sambalpur, Odisha, India. Population of whitefly was recorded on three leaves selected from top, middle and bottom canopy of the plant. Disease severity was recorded by using 0-9 scale. Result: The IPM module i.e. seed treatment with Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 5 gm kg-1 of seed, installation of yellow sticky trap @ 50 ha-1 and spraying of Acetamiprid 20 SP @ 0.3 gm l-1 of water was found as the most effective among all other modules. Pooled analysis of two years data revealed that 65.5% YMV disease control and 59.3% reduction of white fly population over control were performed by the said IPM module. A maximum increase in yield (84.8%) and highest cost benefit ratio (1.77) were also achieved with the module.

Rules of incidental operation risk propagation in metro networks under fully automatic operations mode

The frequent interruptions of network operation due to any incident suggest the necessity to study the rules of operational risk propagation in metro networks, especially under fully automatic operations mode. In this study, risk indicator computation models were developed by analyzing risk propagation processes within transfer stations and metro networks. Moreover, indicator variance rules for a transfer station and different structural networks were discussed and verified through simulation. After reviewing the simulation results, it was concluded that under the impacts of both sudden incident and peak passenger flow, the more the passengers coming from platform inlets, the longer the non-incidental line platform total train operation delay and the higher the crowding degree. However, train headway has little influence on non-incidental line platform risk development. With respect to incident risk propagation in a metro network, the propagation speed varies with network structure, wherein an annular-radial network is the fastest, a radial is moderately fast, and a grid-type network is the slowest. The conclusions are supposed to be supports for metro operation safety planning and network design.

Abundance and distribution of microplastics in water and sediment of Baiyangdian Lake, Northern China

Microplastics (MPs) have been found in all environment matrices and have become an issue of concern worldwide. In this study, Baiyangdian Lake in Northern China was investigated for the presence of MPs (0.45 µm–5 mm) in sediment and at different water depths. MPs were found at 1,000–20,000 pieces/m3 (average 9,595) in water and at 400–2,200 pieces/kg (average 1,023) in sediment. Since the implementation of pollution abatement measures, visible MPs have been nearly eliminated; the MPs found in this study were mainly in the micrometer range, with no more than 3–5 pieces greater than 1 mm per sample. The main forms of MPs were fibrous and fragmented, and the main components were polyamide, polyethylene, and polypropylene. MPs found in water near a garbage transfer station showed the following abundance of MPs: surface water < middle water < bottom water. The sediment contained a higher amount of MP fragments, indicating that the historical transfer and disposal of garbage was a main source of plastic deposition in this area. There was a high content of fibrous MPs in surface water, while the abundance of fragmented MPs increased with the depth of water. The main sources of MPs in the study area were residential activities, local plastic factories, and the treated effluent from a sewage treatment plant.

Evaluation of Yield Performance of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties with Varied Dates of Planting under North Central Plateau Zone (NCPZ) of Odisha

Aim: To identify the proper variety and suitable date of planting of potato for North Central Plateau Zone (NCPZ) of Odisha. Study Design: The experiment was laid in a Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three replications. Place and Duration of Study: The field experiment was carried out at Field Experimental Block, Regional research and Technology Transfer Station (RRTTS), Keonjhar, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Odisha. The investigation was conducted during rabi-2015-16 and rabi-2016-17. Methodology: There were four high yielding potato genotypes used as sub-factor for the study such as V1: Kufri Jyoti, V2: Kufri Surya, V3: Kufri Ashoka and V4: Kufri Pukhraj. The materials were planted in three different dates (D1: 15th November, D2: 25th November and D3: 5th December) as main-factor to identify the superior variety with suitable dates of planting. Results: The results of pooled analysis of variance (ANOVA) shown that the genotypes had significant differences for the dates of planting on yield. Higher tuber yield was recorded in the variety Kufri Pukhraj in both rabi-2015-16 (28.37 t ha-1) and rabi-2016-17 (35.53 t ha-1) along with higher mean yield (31.95 t ha-1). All the varieties have higher yield when planted on D1 (15th November) as compared to the other two date of planting. Conclusion: The varietal and environmental variations as well as their interaction had a considerable influence on yield and its attributes. In this investigation, Kufri Pukhraj was identified as higher yielder and 15th November was found best suitable planting date for north central plateau zone of Odisha, as this date given higher yield as compared to the other two dated of plating. Therefore, if a specific window of date of planting can be ascertained to the farmers of this region then it would help to cultivate potato exactly when the climatic conditions are favorable for its growth and ultimately to get a high crop yield.

Environmental Assessment of Compaction and Transportation of Municipal Solid Waste in Patna, India

Municipal solid waste management is a major concern for developing countries all over the world. The collection and transportation accounts for major portion of expenditure in developing country like India. The compaction of waste is being practiced in some major cities of India as they provide economical benefit but the environmental benefits of compaction are not very clear. The preset study evaluates the environmental impacts due to transportation of non-compacted and compacted waste from the transfer station to the landfill site using life cycle assessment approach. The study compared transportation of non-compacted waste with the waste compacted by the truck mounted refuse compactor and portable stationary compactor. The functional unit defined was the amount of waste generated per day in the study area taken as Patna city and GaBi 10.5 used for impact assessment. The study found that the transportation of waste compacted by truck mounted refuse compactor had the least environmental impacts on all impact categories. The study recommends the compaction of waste by the truck mounted refuse compactor and then proceed for transportation. Also, the compaction of waste is recommended as it improve the overall environment performance of municipal solid waste management.

Innovative Styling and Structural Design of New Duplex Wide-Body Passenger Aircraft Based on Mobile Edge Computing

The research is designed to explore wide-body aircraft that are more suitable in 2035-2040. The innovative design of the wide-body aircraft adopts the form of the main passenger compartment and wing separation, the passenger compartment in the form of a single engine car through the rail transit and transfer car travel together. The transfer car delivers the two engine cars in turn to the aircraft, which is tightly connected to the rail structure by mechanical claws. Engine cars can split up at the transfer station, thus assisting in the diversion of passengers. The interior of the engine car has been optimized. A visual mask can be used for isolation has been designed for the seats. And a device is designed to lighten passengers’ legs to alleviate “economy class syndrome.” The corresponding data analysis used the mobile edge computing technology.