scholarly journals Validation of the Applicability of the Traditional Chinese Version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. ar.2014.5.0084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-San Jiang ◽  
Li-Te Kuo ◽  
Shang-Heng Wu ◽  
Mao-Chang Su ◽  
Kai-Li Liang
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Chinese Version ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
The North ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Smell Identification

The 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) is the most widely used smell test in the world. Presently, culturally modified versions of this test are available in multiple languages. A traditional Chinese version of the UPSIT (UPSIT-TC) has been developed for administration in Taiwan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the UPSIT-TC in Taiwanese patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) odor detection threshold test, the North American version of UPSIT (UPSIT-NA), and the UPSIT-TC were administered to 40 healthy subjects and to 100 CRS patients before and after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). The UPSIT-TC showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.887, 0.886, and 0.870 at three test occasions) and test-retest reliability (p < 0.001). The scores of UPSIT-TC were significantly correlated to the PEA thresholds (p < 0.001). The UPSIT-TC scores were significantly higher than those of the UPSIT-NA (p = 0.028) when analysis was performed with logistic regression with independent variables including test occasions (before or after FESS), test methods (UPSIT-NA or UPSIT-TC), status of polyp (with or without), and PEA thresholds (improved or did not improve). In addition, there were significant between-group differences in UPSIT-TC scores including healthy versus CRS, CRS with polyps versus CRS without polyps, and PEA thresholds improved versus PEA thresholds which did not improve. The UPSIT-TC is reliable and valid for measuring olfactory function in Taiwanese patients with rhinosinusitis. In addition, the UPSIT-TC clearly resulted in better performance than that of UPSIT-NA.

scholarly journals Examination Techniques of the First Cranial Nerve: What Neurosurgical Residents Should Know

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Leonard Leong Sang Xian ◽  
Vasu Nallaluthan ◽  
Yong De Jun ◽  
Ooi Lin-Wei ◽  
Sanihah Abdul Halim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Threshold Test ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Odour Discrimination ◽  
Examination Techniques ◽  
Smell Identification

Olfactory or smell dysfunction is often overlooked by clinicians despite being prevalent in the population. To date in Malaysia, there is no standard and reliable test to examine the function of olfaction. Tests used at developed countries such as the Sniffin’ Sticks Test (SST), the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC) test, the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) and the Brief Smell Identification Test (B-SIT) are not readily available in this region and may be costly to procure. The first cranial nerve can be tested using commonly available materials to assess: i) the function of odour detection; ii) the odour discrimination; and iii) the odour identification. An abnormal odour detection threshold test generally indicates a peripheral olfactory problem while the odour discrimination and identification test attribute the problem to the cerebral cortex. An olfactory complaint should not be taken lightly and a proper olfactory function examination is important: i) to determine the legitimacy of a patient’s complaint; ii) to monitor the progress of patient’s olfactory function; iii) to establish insurance payout for disability; and iv) to characterise the specific nature of the problem. A video has been produced to demonstrate the examination techniques explained in this article.

scholarly journals Olfaction and essential tremor

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Barasnevicius Quagliato ◽  
Maura Aparecida Viana ◽  
Elizabeth Maria Aparecida Barasnevicius Quagliato ◽  
Samuel Simis
Keyword(s):  
Essential Tremor ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Scale ◽  
Olfactory Identification ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
The University ◽  
Smell Identification

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the olfactory identification in 40 essential tremor (ET) patients, with the University of Pennsylvania 12 Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), to correlate UPSIT scores to clinical and epidemiological data and to compare it to 89 aged matched controls. METHOD: Patients were assessed using ET Clinical Scale of Evaluation and UPSIT. RESULTS: In patients with ET, the UPSIT medium score was 9.10, similar to the control group (9.11), which was also observed in all age groups. ET severity did not correlate to UPSIT scores. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated normality of olfactory identification on ET, qualifying UPSIT to be an important tool on tremor differential diagnosis of undetermined origin.

Unirhinal Norms for the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley P. Good ◽  
Jeffrey S. Martzke ◽  
Marie Abi Daoud ◽  
Lili C. Kopala
Keyword(s):  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
The University ◽  
Smell Identification
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