Multiple Traffic Jams in Full Velocity Difference Model with Reaction-Time Delay

The present study was done to estimate rise in skin temperature during a pain reaction time (pain RT) as a means of investigating why a pricking pain threshold, produced by thermal stimulation using time method, often increases during repeated measurements. The pain RT, or the time-delay between occurrence of pain sensation and a subsequent motor response, was measured by making EMG recording on a forearm. The radiant heat stimuli were three, 200, 300, and 350 mcal/sec./cm2, each of which was given through a round radiation window of an algesiometer head. Analysis showed that the pain RTs would be too short to explain higher pain thresholds often found using the time method.

Download Full-text

Rolling balance board of adjustable geometry as a tool to assess balancing skill and to estimate reaction time delay

Journal of The Royal Society Interface ◽

10.1098/rsif.2020.0956 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (176) ◽

Author(s):

Csenge A. Molnar ◽

Ambrus Zelei ◽

Tamas Insperger

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Time Delay ◽

Feedback Control ◽

Mechanical Model ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Stabilizing Feedback Control ◽

Model Subject ◽

Balance Board

The relation between balancing performance and reaction time is investigated for human subjects balancing on rolling balance board of adjustable physical parameters: adjustable rolling radius R and adjustable board elevation h . A well-defined measure of balancing performance is whether a subject can or cannot balance on balance board with a given geometry ( R , h ). The balancing ability is linked to the stabilizability of the underlying two-degree-of-freedom mechanical model subject to a delayed proportional–derivative feedback control. Although different sensory perceptions involve different reaction times at different hierarchical feedback loops, their effect is modelled as a single lumped reaction time delay. Stabilizability is investigated in terms of the time delay in the mechanical model: if the delay is larger than a critical value (critical delay), then no stabilizing feedback control exists. Series of balancing trials by 15 human subjects show that it is more difficult to balance on balance board configuration associated with smaller critical delay, than on balance boards associated with larger critical delay. Experiments verify the feature of the mechanical model that a change in the rolling radius R results in larger change in the difficulty of the task than the same change in the board elevation h does. The rolling balance board characterized by the two well-defined parameters R and h can therefore be a useful device to assess human balancing skill and to estimate the corresponding lumped reaction time delay.

Download Full-text

Stabilization Analysis of Mixed Traffic Flow with Electric Vehicles Based on the Modified Multiple Velocity Difference Model

Green Intelligent Transportation Systems - Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering ◽

10.1007/978-981-13-0302-9_25 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 251-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chenggang Li ◽

Hongwei Guo ◽

Wuhong Wang ◽

Xiaobei Jiang

Keyword(s):

Traffic Flow ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Mixed Traffic ◽

Difference Model ◽

Velocity Difference ◽

Mixed Traffic Flow

Download Full-text

Fractionated Reaction Times and Movement Times of Down Syndrome and Other Adults with Mental Retardation

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly ◽

10.1123/apaq.8.3.221 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 221-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Walter E. Davis ◽

William A. Sparrow ◽

Terry Ward

Keyword(s):

Down Syndrome ◽

Mental Retardation ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Time Delay ◽

Movement Time ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Elbow Extension ◽

Total Reaction ◽

Time Motor ◽

Total Reaction Time

A fractionation technique was employed to determine the locus of reaction time delay in Down syndrome (DS) and other adult subjects with mental retardation (MH). Twenty-three subjects (8 nondisabled, 8 MH, and 7 DS) responded to a light, sound, and combination light/sound signal. Dependent measures of premotor time, motor time, total reaction time, and movement time were obtained during a 20° elbow extension movement and were analyzed separately. As expected, both MH and DS subjects were slower and more variable in their responses than the subjects without disabilities. In turn, DS subjects were significantly slower but not more variable than the MH subjects. There were no significant differences between the DS and MH subjects on movement times. Evidence for both a specific (premotor) and a generalized (both premotor and motor) locus of delay was found. Some difference in signal effect was also found for the DS subjects.

Download Full-text

Stability analysis in a car-following model with reaction-time delay and delayed feedback control

Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications ◽

10.1016/j.physa.2016.04.038 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 459 ◽

pp. 107-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Yanfei Jin ◽

Meng Xu

Keyword(s):

Stability Analysis ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Time Delay ◽

Feedback Control ◽

Delayed Feedback ◽

Delayed Feedback Control ◽

Car Following ◽

Car Following Model

Download Full-text

A Modified Car-following Model Considering Traffic Density and Acceleration of Leading Vehicle

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10041268 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 1268

Author(s):

Xudong Cao ◽

Jianjun Wang ◽

Chenchen Chen

Keyword(s):

Traffic Flow ◽

Linear Stability Theory ◽

Traffic Density ◽

Neutral Stability ◽

Difference Model ◽

Velocity Difference ◽

Car Following ◽

Car Following Model ◽

The Difference ◽

Improved Model

Although the difference between the velocity of two successive vehicles is considered in the full velocity difference model (FVDM), more status information from preceding vehicles affecting the behavior of car-following has not been effectively utilized. For improving the performance of the FVDM, an extended modified car-following model taking into account traffic density and the acceleration of a leading vehicle (DAVD, density and acceleration velocity difference model) is presented under the condition of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications. Stability in the developed model is derived through applying linear stability theory. The curves of neutral stability for the improved model indicate that when the driver pays more attention to the traffic status in front, the traffic flow stability region is larger. Numerical simulation illustrates that traffic flow disturbance could be suppressed by gaining more information on preceding vehicles.

Download Full-text