La Gestion des Ressources Humaines, Precision Terminologique et Apercu Historiques -Une Revue de Litterature

En consultant les recherches de nombreux spécialistes en sciences de gestion, il a été constaté, au fil des années, une valorisation sans cesse grandissante pour les ressources humaines (RH) en entreprise. Non seulement le rôle et l’importance de ces RH a changé, mais elles sont devenues des actifs stratégiques. Ce qui accorde, encore plus d'importance aux RH et à la GRH. Longtemps regardée comme une activité de support aux autres fonctions de l’entreprise, la GRH représente maintenant un outil stratégique qui permet à toute entreprise de se démarquer de ses concurrents. L’évolution des mentalités, le développement technologique ainsi que les erreurs du passé ont permis à la GRH de devenir un domaine extrêmement important dans les organisations. D'ailleurs, depuis quelques années, les pionniers de la discipline de GRH semblent de plus en plus s'accorder pour affirmer que la GRH constitue désormais un élément essentiel dans l'atteinte des principaux objectifs organisationnels. La GRH a intéressé, depuis quelques années, les débats scientifiques en sciences de gestion. Elle reste une discipline relativement jeune parmi les différentes branches de la gestion. Afin de comprendre davantage les théories et les pratiques actuelles concernant la GRH, il est intéressant de définir les principaux concepts et de se pencher sur les grandes phases de son histoire. Afin d’apporter une vision objective, claire et synthétique, on s’est appuyé sur sur une revue de la littérature structurée et approfondie et ce en consultant les principaux ouvrages, publications scientifiques, rapports, thèses et magazines spécialisés dans le domaine. By consulting the research of numerous specialists in management sciences, it has been observed, over the years, an ever-increasing value for human resources in companies. Not only has the role and importance of human resources changed, but they have become strategic assets. This gives even more importance to human resources and HRM. Long regarded as a support activity for other business functions, Human Resources Management (HRM) now represents a strategic tool that allows any business to stand out from its competitors. Changing mentalities, technological advancements, as well as mistakes of the past, have allowed HRM to become an extremely important area in organizations. Moreover, in recent years, the pioneers of the discipline of HRM seem more and more to agree that HRM is now an essential element in achieving the main organizational objectives. For several years now, HRM has been of interest in scientific debates in management sciences. It remains a relatively young discipline among the different branches of management. In order to better understand the theories and current practices concerning HRM, it is interesting to define the main concepts and to look at the main phases of its history. In order to provide an objective, clear and synthetic vision, we relied on a structured and in-depth literature review by consulting the main books, scientific publications, reports, theses, and magazines specializing in the field.

Synthetic Vision in Virtual Reality Documentaries

Based on a nuanced understanding of immersion and sense of presence (SoP) as two key aesthetic effects that the application of virtual reality (VR) to cinema is believed to innovate, this paper develops the concept of synthetic vision as fundamental to understanding the visual experience of VR media, particularly VR documentaries. The concept contends that viewers’ experience in VR is based on two visions that seemingly contradict each other: first, a disembodied vision that transports them to a simulated world, and second, an embodied vision guaranteed by the freedom to control kinesthetic movement and direction of gaze. This serves to advance the idea that immersion and SoP are not unified but rather multifaceted concepts premised on a nuanced understanding of the varying relationships between the technological system of VR, its media content, and its user. For the concept of synthetic vision points to the paradoxical coexistence of viewers’ presence in the virtual world and their structural absence from the world that lays the groundwork for their immersive experience. By classifying three generic categories of contemporary VR documentaries (humanitarian and journalism documentaries, documentaries about nature, travel, and museum visits, and documentaries based on the reenactment of conscious or mnemonic realities), and by examining the aesthetic and ethical underpinnings VR brings to each of them, I argue that it hinges upon what kind of cinematic conventions and genres are remediated to determine the effective synthesis of the two visions. The varying effects of synthetic vision in the three subgenres of VR documentary stress that immersion and SoP have different political and ethical consequences of media witnessing. In the conclusion, I recapitulate multiple implications that the concept of synthetic vision has in regards to both the studies on VR and the recently flourishing investigation into cinematic VR artifacts.

Virtual prototyping of the lunar module landing system to improve cosmonauts’ spatial and situational awareness

Relevance. The transition to manned flights after the launches of the automatic stations of the «Luna-Globus» series will require studying issues of the crew safety in lunar missions. First of all, it will be necessary to clarify the role and capabilities of cosmonauts when landing the lunar module in complicated conditions. The subject of the study is the means of modeling and visualizing the progress of the flight operation observed by the operator. The area of study is the issues of ensuring the safety of the automatic landing of the lunar descent module with the possibility of switching to manual control mode after a decision was made by a human to change the landing site of the lunar module. The provision of spatial and situational awareness is considered in this context as a prerequisite for the timely response of the operator to the occurrence of a non-standard situation. Objective. The goal of the work is to present the virtual prototyping of the Moon landing stage for studying details of information support for cosmonauts during the conditions of visual control complication. Methodology. The analysis of ways to maintain spatial and situational awareness for a timely assessment by the operator of the suitability of the predicted site in the landing area is a key condition for deciding whether to switch from automatic mode to manual mode. At the same time, the quality of preparation and decision-making in a short time frame significantly depends on the accepted methods of visualizing the landing on the surface of the Moon. Results and Discussion. The directions of application of modeling and visualization tools for virtual prototyping of the landing of the descent lunar module are formulated. It is shown that a person's decision-making in conditions of time scarcity and possible visual interference when monitoring the external environment requires special means of information support. The issues of organizing the visual environment in accordance with the information needs of a person are studied taking into account the prototypes in the classes of manned and unmanned vertical take-off and landing vehicles, for which similar types of operator activities are described. This made it possible to formulate basic approaches to modeling the landing of vehicles in conditions of problems with visual perceptions. Taking into account the increased requirements, we consider promising approaches based on the synthesis of 2D and 3D-visual dynamic scenes, as well as precedents for the use of synthetic vision systems in the described conditions. The scope of application of the obtained results is not limited to the tasks of designing complex human-technical systems, but may have applications in the field of building computer simulators for the training of cosmonauts. This practice compares favorably with the options for human training on hardware-in-the-loop simulation models and on real helicopter-type vehicles in terms of safety and flexibility of modification. Conclusion. The use of virtual prototyping of the moon landing makes it possible to expand the search for options for improving the cosmonaut's spatial and situational awareness. The general conclusion in the context of this goal pursuing is the feasibility of using simulation methods to build a virtual environment that recreates the conditions for a cosmonaut to make a decision in an emergency situation when landing a lunar module, as one of the most critical flight operations for the safety of lunar missions. Key words Lunar exploration, lunar lander, landing simulation and visualization, virtual activity environment, unmanned and manned vertical take-off and landing vehicles, spatial and situational awareness, synthetic vision systems.

CFIT PREVENTION WITH COMBINED ENHANCED FLIGHT VISION SYSTEM AND SYNTHETIC VISION SYSTEM

This paper aims to combine two vision systems as a new technology to suggest the improvement in the continuing problem of Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT) accidents. A combined enhanced flight vision system and synthetic vision system seems to hold the solution, while it unhesitatingly accommodated to the commercial and General aviation instrument environment if pilots are getting minimal instrument training. This research shows the benefit of combined enhanced flight vision and synthetic vision systems based on analysis of the accident that occurred in 2013 on approach at Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport. It is shown that the use of a combined system, could have prevented this accident. The head-up display is taken to facilitate this technology to the pilot to be able to see and read accurately using sky lenses.

A New Europe: Erasing the Destruction

Monte Cassino became a fitting symbol for post-war recovery efforts. Its lived experiences account for the abbey’s role in the second half of the twentieth century as the binding agent and promoter for a unified Europe. This chapter makes sense of this unique designation by examining the way(s) in which the abbey’s fractured past has been harnessed into this synthetic vision. It asks how Monte Cassino’s ‘destruction tradition’ – that evolving narrative and shared reality from the Middle Ages to the present day – served as an instrument for promoting the abbey’s faith and prosperity well into the twentieth century. It shows how the abbey’s cumulative experiences with death and resurrection were transformed into a secular and religious rhetoric of hope, unity, and essential European identity.

6. Teaching Strategies Employed to Approach a Postmodern Opus. Recital I (For Cathy) by Luciano Berio

The difficulties encountered by any history of music teacher when tackling postmodern repertoire is a well-known fact. Doubts are only natural. For instance, of the innumerable creators belonging to different cultures, which would be the relevant composers? Furthermore, when finally choosing one representative, on which of his/her works should one focus? And after one particular piece of selected, what is the best way to teach the scientific arguments required for its perception? When the chosen opus fails to distinguish itself through the direct expressiveness of its language, what should one do? What are the works of music considered to be exquisite in terms of technique and expression, with an actual impact on the teaching field? This approach is all the more tedious as the specialized teacher is faced with the lack of any immediate feedback about the importance of some music, as the biggest impediment is the music score itself, which becomes gradually accessible, after numerous auditions and explanatory comments. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to achieve the teaching approach of an opus with direct expressiveness composed during the last decades of the last century: Recital I for Cathy by Luciano Berio. An innovative mezzo soprano and 17 instruments score, which promotes the subtleties existing either in the relationship between themes, dramaturgy and language, or in the correspondence between text and sonority. These are some of the aspects that we intend to tackle in order to help our students understand the postmodern phenomenon by means of Berio’s inclusive and synthetic vision. In order to ground our scientific approach, we rely on the well-known quotation technique used by the creator, which, by recalling apparently disparate music, facilitates the process of didactic demonstration. The actual quotation or allusion to different sonorities constitutes a challenge in discovering the general and particular meanings of sound dramaturgy, but especially the deep meanings of the emotional reception of the opus.