scholarly journals Security for States vs. Refugees: peration Provide Comfort and the April 1991 Mass Influx of Refugees from Northern Iraq into Turkey

Refuge ◽  
1996 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Kemal Kirisçi
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Humanitarian Intervention ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Safe Zone ◽  
Iraqi Refugees ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
State Security ◽  
Turkish Government ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Mass Influx

In April 1991, the massive influx of Iraqi refugees into Turkey precipitated a political process that led to one of the rare examples of humanitarian intervention. Under pressure from the Turkish government and world public opinion, Western allies declared a safe zone above the 36th parallel in northern Iraq and launched "Operation Provide Comfort." This Operation enabled the extension of relief assistance to almost half a million refugees and their repatriation to northern Iraq within a relatively short period of time. The article tries to establish whether "Operation Provide Comfort" served state security interests or the security of the refugees from Iraq.

Communication

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian D. Liddy
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
And Control ◽  
Ordinary Citizens

The exercise of political power in late medieval English towns was predicated upon the representation, management, and control of public opinion. This chapter explains why public opinion mattered so much to town rulers; how they worked to shape opinion through communication; and the results. Official communication was instrumental in the politicization of urban citizens. The practices of official secrecy and public proclamation were not inherently contradictory, but conflict flowed from the political process. The secrecy surrounding the practices of civic government provoked ordinary citizens to demand more accountability from town rulers, while citizens, who were accustomed to hear news and information circulated by civic magistrates, were able to use what they knew to challenge authority.

Excavations at Can Hasan, 1967, Seventh Preliminary Report

1968 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. French
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
New Method ◽  
Turkish Government ◽  
Metal Framework ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Site Supervisors ◽  
Small Hand

The seventh season of excavation at Can Hasan began on 9th September and stopped on 28th October; a further week was spent working on the finds and on the site. Site supervisors were Bay Altan Atılgan, and Messrs. S. W. Helms, R. Howell, and J. N. Postgate. In the House the work was undertaken by Bayan Behin Aksoy, Bayan Ülge Göker, Miss Carolyn Prater, Mrs. Cressida Ridley and Miss Monika van der Zwann. Bay Bedri Yalman represented the Turkish Government for a short period until called away to military service; his place was taken by Bay Cengiz Karadağ.A new method of sieving was introduced this year at the suggestion of Mr. Sebastian Payne. Instead of small hand sieves, “shakers”, built under Mr. Payne's supervision, were used. Basically this type of “shaker” is three removable trays with mesh of differing size (10 mm., 5 mm., 1 mm.) set on a sprung metal framework. It was also found more practicable with soils containing a lot of grain to “wash out” the grain from the soil remaining in the last tray after the soil had received preliminary hand-searching.

scholarly journals The Rhetorical State of Alert before the Iraq War 2003

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Mral
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Humanitarian Intervention ◽  
Basic Ingredient ◽  
Democratic Societies ◽  
The Military

Abstract Initiating an attack on another country is always a questionable venture, whether one chooses to call it war or prefers euphemisms such as conflict, incident, action or peacecreating measures. This study examines how the arguments were developed prior to the military actions in Iraq 2003. The events have been presented in vague and often distorted value terms and metaphors where war becomes peace, attacks becomes ‘pre-emptive defence’, military invasion becomes ‘change of regime’, occupation becomes ‘humanitarian intervention’.This study provides a diachronic survey of the chain of events from rhetorical perspectives, as well as a synchronic analysis of recurring rhetorical themes - especially of vague concepts and metaphors. Manipulation and lies has of course always been a basic ingredient of warfare. The question is what approach democratic societies should take in relation to self-evidently deceptive influencing of public opinion; to manipulative rhetoric and destructive propaganda.

With All Due Respect

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Brian F. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Public Preferences ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Democratic Ideals ◽  
Lgbt People ◽  
Over Time

Chapter 1 details the psychology and science behind disagreement and attitude entrenchment. It opens with a broad discussion of why divergent views are important for democratic ideals and governance. It underscores the contemporary degree of American public intolerance of difference, one that lacks the motivation (and perhaps the skills) to talk about politics with those with whom it disagrees. Public opinion scholarship shows that on average, public preferences, even on some of the most contentious and hot-button issues, generally do not change quickly over time. There has been uncharacteristic change on attitudes toward LGBT people and rights in a short period of time, however; based on communication strategies and tactics focusing on shared identities, these changes give hope to what seems like immovable political groupthink. The chapter closes with the roadmap of the book so we can all use to start to talk politics with each other like grown-ups again.

scholarly journals Discursive construction of Syrian refugees in shaping international public opinion: Turkey’s public diplomacy efforts

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-313
Author(s):  
Emel Özdora Akşak
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
International Community ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Leverage Point ◽  
Turkish Government ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Discourse Historical Approach

This research focuses on the Turkish government’s communications with the international community with regard to Syrian refugees. I use the Discourse Historical Approach to reveal and compare the discursive strategies that the official Turkish news agency has used as part of its public diplomacy efforts in their mass communication efforts regarding Syrian refugees during the last 8 years. The results reveal how a humanitarian issue such as the plight of refugees might be employed to establish a government’s political position, affirm its involvement and influence public opinion about a conflict that exceeds national boundaries and has turned into a challenge for international dominance involving world superpowers. The topics highlighted in the Turkish news reports and the argumentations that these reports put forward reveal that the Turkish government is highly critical of the international community, especially Western powers, for not fulfilling their humanitarian responsibilities. This specific criticism from Turkey regarding its outsized role in hosting refugees has become a leverage point to claim a place in the decision table about the future of Syria.

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