scholarly journals Struktur Vertikal Distribusi Butiran Hujan di Kototabang Berdasarkan Pengamatan Micro Rain Radar (MRR)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-296
Author(s):  
Indah Rahayu ◽  
Marzuki Marzuki ◽  
Hiroyuki Hashiguchi ◽  
Toyoshi Shimomai
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Radar Reflectivity ◽  
Rainfall Rate ◽  
Raindrop Size Distribution ◽  
Raindrop Size ◽  
Rain Radar

Distribusi ukuran butiran hujan atau raindrop size distribution (RDSD) arah vertikal dari ketinggian 0,15 km hingga 4,65 km di Kototabang, Sumatera Barat, telah diteliti melalui pengamatan Micro Rain Radar (MRR) selama Januari-Desember 2012. Intensitas curah hujan (rainfall rate) dari Optical Rain Gauge (ORG) dan RDSD dari Parsivel digunakan untuk menguji kinerja MRR. Pengujian memperlihatkan bahwa MRR berfungsi dengan baik dimana intensitas curah hujan dari ORG berkorelasi dengan baik dengan MRR (r = 0,98) dan RDSD dari MRR secara umum juga memperlihatkan pola dan nilai yang sama dengan yang didapatkan Parsivel.  Selanjutnya, RDSD dari MRR dimodelkan dengan distribusi gamma dan parameternya didapatkan menggunakan metode momen.  Terlihat bahwa pertumbuhan RDSD di Kototabang dari ketinggian 4,65 km hingga 0,15 km sangat kuat yang kemungkinan disebabkan oleh proses tumbukan-penggabungan.  Hal ini ditandai dengan peningkatan konsentrasi butiran berukuran besar dengan penurunan ketinggian.  Peningkatan konsentrasi butiran hujan berukuran besar terhadap penurunan ketinggian berpengaruh kepada parameter-parameter hujan seperti radar reflectivity (Z) dan rainfall rate (R) yang menyebabkan peningkatan koefisien A (Z= ARb) terhadap penurunan ketinggian.  Dengan demikian, penggunaan persamaan Z-R yang konstan untuk setiap ketinggian bagi radar meteorologi di kawasan tropis khususnya Sumatera Barat tidak  tepat.Kata kunci: raindrop size distribution, MRR, Kototabang, distribusi gamma.

scholarly journals Distribusi Arah Vertikal Butiran Hujan dari Hujan Stratiform di Kototabang dari Pengamatan Micro Rain Radar (MRR)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravidho Ramadhan ◽  
Marzuki Marzuki
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Melting Layer ◽  
Raindrop Size Distribution ◽  
Raindrop Size ◽  
Rain Radar

Distribusi ukuran butiran hujan atau raindrop size distribution (RSD) arah vertikal hujan stratiform dari ketinggian 0,45 km hingga 4,65 km di atas permukaan tanah di Kototabang, Sumatera Barat (0,20o LS; 100,32o BT; 865 m di atas permukaan laut ), telah diteliti melalui pengamatan Micro Rain Radar (MRR) selama Januari 2012 sampai Agustus 2016. RSD dari MRR dimodelkan dengan distribusi gamma dan parameternya didapatkan menggunakan metode momen. Pertumbuhan RSD dari hujan stratiform pada ketinggian 3,9 – 3,4 km sangat kuat untuk semua ukuran butiran, yang menandakan  daerah melting layer di Kototabang. Di bawah daerah melting layer terjadi penurunan konsentrasi butiran berukuran kecil dan peningkatan konsentrasi butiran besar. Hal ini diperkirakan disebabkan oleh proses evaporasi dan updraft pada butiran kecil dan coalescence yang teramati pada hujan stratiform dengan intensitas tinggi. Hal ini juga ditandai dengan perubahan parameter gamma dan koefisien persamaan Z-R (Z=ARb) terhadap penurunan ketinggian. Dengan demikian, asumsi persamaan Z-R yang konstan untuk setiap ketinggian bagi hujan stratiform pada radar meteorologi khususnya di Kototabang kurang akurat.Kata kunci: Hujan stratiform, Kototabang, Micro Rain Radar (MRR), raindrop size distribution (RSD)

scholarly journals Raindrop size distributions and radar reflectivity–rain rate relationships for radar hydrology

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Uijlenhoet
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Rain Rate ◽  
Radar Reflectivity ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Raindrop Size Distribution ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Fundamental Reason ◽  
Radar Measurements ◽  
Raindrop Size

Abstract. The conversion of the radar reflectivity factor Z(mm6m-3) to rain rate R(mm h-1 ) is a crucial step in the hydrological application of weather radar measurements. It has been common practice for over 50 years now to take for this conversion a simple power law relationship between Z and R. It is the purpose of this paper to explain that the fundamental reason for the existence of such power law relationships is the fact that Z and R are related to each other via the raindrop size distribution. To this end, the concept of the raindrop size distribution is first explained. Then, it is demonstrated that there exist two fundamentally different forms of the raindrop size distribution, one corresponding to raindrops present in a volume of air and another corresponding to those arriving at a surface. It is explained how Z and R are defined in terms of both these forms. Using the classical exponential raindrop size distribution as an example, it is demonstrated (1) that the definitions of Z and R naturally lead to power law Z–R relationships, and (2) how the coefficients of such relationships are related to the parameters of the raindrop size distribution. Numerous empirical Z–R relationships are analysed to demonstrate that there exist systematic differences in the coefficients of these relationships and the corresponding parameters of the (exponential) raindrop size distribution between different types of rainfall. Finally, six consistent Z–R relationships are derived, based upon different assumptions regarding the rain rate dependence of the parameters of the (exponential) raindrop size distribution. An appendix shows that these relationships are in fact special cases of a general Z–R relationship that follows from a recently proposed scaling framework for describing raindrop size distributions and their properties. Keywords: radar hydrology, raindrop size distribution, radar reflectivity–rain rate relationship

scholarly journals Vertical Raindrop Size Distribution in Central Spain: A Case Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Fraile ◽  
Amaya Castro ◽  
Miguel González-Colino ◽  
Elisabeth Alonso-Blanco ◽  
María Fernández-Raga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Precipitation Intensity ◽  
Precipitation Event ◽  
Maximum Precipitation ◽  
Raindrop Size Distribution ◽  
Rain Fall ◽  
Raindrop Size ◽  
Lower Height ◽  
Rain Radar

A precipitation event that took place on 12 October 2008 in Madrid, Spain, is analyzed in detail. Three different devices were used to characterize the precipitation: a disdrometer, a rain gauge, and a Micro Rain Radar (MRR). These instruments determine precipitation intensity indirectly, based on measuring different parameters in different sampling points in the atmosphere. A comparative study was carried out based on the data provided by each of these devices, revealing that the disdrometer and the rain gauge measure similar precipitation intensity values, whereas the MRR measures different rain fall volumes. The distributions of drop sizes show that the mean diameter of the particles varied considerably depending on the altitude considered. The level at which saturation occurs in the atmosphere is decisive in the distribution of drop sizes between 2,700 m and 3,000 m. As time passes, the maximum precipitation intensities are registered at a lower height and are less intense. The maximum precipitation intensities occurred at altitudes above 1,000 m, while the maximum fall speeds are typically found at altitudes below 700 m.

scholarly journals Raindrop Size Distribution and Rain Characteristics of the 2017 Great Hunan Flood Observed with a Parsivel2 Disdrometer

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1556
Author(s):  
Li Luo ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Tao Huo ◽  
Mingxuan Chen ◽  
Jianli Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Radar Reflectivity ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Intense Rainfall ◽  
Raindrop Size Distribution ◽  
Hourly Rainfall ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Raindrop Size

Disdrometer observations obtained by an OTT Parsivel2 during the 2017 Great Hunan Flood from 1:00 a.m. LST 23 June 2017 to 4:00 a.m. LST 2 July 2017 in Changsha, Hunan Province, southern China, are analyzed to diagnose characteristics of raindrop size distribution (DSD). This event was characterized by a large number of small- to medium-sized raindrops (diameters smaller than 1.5 mm) and the mean median volume diameter (D0) is about 1.04 mm. The median values of rain rate R (1.57 mm h−1), liquid water content W (0.10 g m−3), and radar reflectivity Z (25.7 dBZ) are smaller than that of the 2013 Great Colorado Flood. This event was composed of two intense rainfall periods and a stratiform period, and notable distinctions of rainfall microphysics among the three rainfall episodes are observed. Two intense rainfall periods were characterized by widespread and intense convection rains with a surface reflectivity of 48.8~56.7 dBZ. A maximum diameter of raindrops up to 7.5 mm was observed, as well as high concentrations of small and midsize drops, resulting in large rainfall amounts during the two intense rainfall episodes. The mean radar reflectivity of 22.6 dBZ, total rainfall of 17.85 mm and the maximum raindrop of approximately 4.25 mm were observed during the stratiform rainfall episode. The composite DSD for each rainfall episode peaked at 0.56 mm but higher concentrations of raindrops appeared in the two intense rainfall episodes. The Z-R relationships derived from the disdrometer measurements reflect the unusual characteristics of DSD during the flood. As a result, the standard NEXRAD Z-R relationship (Z = 300R1.4) strongly underestimated hourly rainfall by up to 27.5%. In addition, the empirical relations between rainfall kinetic energy (KE) versus rainfall intensity (R) and mean mass diameter (Dm) are also derived using DSDs to further investigate the impacts of raindrop properties on the rainfall erosivity.

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