A morphological study of the blood vessels associated with periodontal probing depth in human gingival tissue

Attachment level has been used as the "gold standard" for assessment of the progression of periodontal disease. However, the measurement of attachment level by periodontal probing can be subject to a large number of error sources. Recently, we have designed experiments by using an electronic probe to identify the magnitude of error components due to the instrument, gingival tissue condition, position or probing angle, and time interval between replicate probings. Even with a very careful clinical setting, a few percent of uncontrollable large errors or outliers could not be avoided. A previously used 'option-3' probing scheme to reduce the unexpected large error is justified from the mathematical viewpoint.

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Periodontal probing depth and subgingival temperature in smokers and non-smokers

Journal Of Clinical Periodontology ◽

10.1034/j.1600-051x.1999.260107.x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 38-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nicholas Trikilis ◽

Andrew Rawlinson ◽

Trevor F. Walsh

Keyword(s):

Probing Depth ◽

Periodontal Probing

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Association Between Mast Cells and Collagen Maturation in Chronic Periodontitis in Humans

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1369/0022155418765131 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 (6) ◽

pp. 467-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lívia S.F. e Ribeiro ◽

Jean N. dos Santos ◽

Clarissa A.G. Rocha ◽

Patricia R. Cury

Keyword(s):

Mast Cells ◽

Connective Tissue ◽

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Positive Association ◽

Collagen Fibers ◽

Gingival Tissue ◽

Chi Square ◽

Probing Depth ◽

The Relationship

Mast cells (MCs) can influence the maturation of collagen fibers. This study evaluated the relationship between the distribution and degranulation of MCs and collagen maturation in human gingival tissue in chronic periodontitis. A total of 16 specimens of patients clinically diagnosed as periodontitis and 18 controls clinically diagnosed as healthy or gingivitis were included. Immunohistochemistry and Picrosirius staining were performed to identify MCs and assess collagen fibers, respectively. Chi-square, t test, and Pearson’s correlation test ( p<0.05) were used. In control specimens, there was a positive association between MCs in the connective tissue and the presence of immature collagen ( p=0.001); in periodontitis samples, this association was not confirmed ( p≥0.12). There was no significant relationship between periodontal diagnosis and collagen maturation or MC degranulation ( p≥0.35). MC density was significantly higher ( p=0.04) in periodontitis tissue (339.01 ± 188.94 MCs/mm2) than in control tissue (211.14 ± 131.13 MCs/mm2) in the area of connective tissue containing inflammatory infiltrate. There was a correlation between the number of MCs and probing depth ( r = 0.34, p=0.04). MCs are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and might be associated with collagen maturation in periodontal tissue during the early stages of periodontal disease pathogenesis.

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Oral manifestations in chronic kidney failure patients

Revista Odonto Ciência ◽

10.15448/http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-6523.2016.1.19521 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Renata Cristina Canuto Reis ◽

João Armando Brancher ◽

Tatiana Miranda Deliberador ◽

Ana Tereza Bittencourt Guimarães ◽

Allan Fernando Giovanini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kidney Failure ◽

Chronic Kidney Failure ◽

Gingival Recession ◽

Health Condition ◽

Dental Calculus ◽

Significance Level ◽

Oral Manifestation ◽

Probing Depth ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Periodontal Probing

Objective: Chronic kidney failure (CKF) is a progressive deterioration of the kidneys. The goal of this study was to analyze the oral manifestation of CKF in a sample of hemodialysis and transplanted patients.Methods: Eighty-three records of patients treated in the Pro-Renal Foundation in Curitiba, Brazil were used. The records were separated in four groups: Transplanted Men (TM = 14), Transplanted Women (TW = 18), Men in Hemodialysis (MHD = 28) and Women in Hemodialysis (WHD = 23). Information about oral and systemic health condition were collected. Data from each group were submitted to correspondence analysis and quantitative variables were compared by Kruskal-Wallisand Dunn’s test. Significance level was 0.05.Results: Gingival inflammation, loss of periodontal support tissue, dental calculus and increase in periodontal probing depth were common findings in all patients, but significant association was found in following groups: TM presented dental calculus; TW presented a high prevalence of cardiovascular problems and saburral tongue; MHD presented poor oral hygiene, gingivitis associated with smoking; WHD presented a high prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction.Conclusions: The most prevalent findings were increase in the periodontal probing depth and gingival recession. Unexpectedly, WHD group presented a high prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction.

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Photoacoustic Imaging for Noninvasive Periodontal Probing Depth Measurements

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/0022034517729820 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 97 (1) ◽

pp. 23-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

C.Y. Lin ◽

F. Chen ◽

A. Hariri ◽

C.J. Chen ◽

P. Wilder-Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Spatial Resolution ◽

Photoacoustic Imaging ◽

Random Errors ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Coefficients Of Variation ◽

Standard Tool ◽

Imaging Approach ◽

Resolution Imaging ◽

Periodontal Probing ◽

High Spatial Resolution Imaging

The periodontal probe is the gold standard tool for periodontal examinations, including probing depth measurements, but is limited by systematic and random errors. Here, we used photoacoustic ultrasound for high–spatial resolution imaging of probing depths. Specific contrast from dental pockets was achieved with food-grade cuttlefish ink as a contrast medium. Here, 39 porcine teeth (12 teeth with artificially deeper pockets) were treated with the contrast agent, and the probing depths were measured with novel photoacoustic imaging and a Williams periodontal probe. There were statistically significant differences between the 2 measurement approaches for distal, lingual, and buccal sites but not mesial. Bland-Altman analysis revealed that all bias values were < ±0.25 mm, and the coefficients of variation for 5 replicates were <11%. The photoacoustic imaging approach also offered 0.01-mm precision and could cover the entire pocket, as opposed to the probe-based approach, which is limited to only a few sites. This report is the first to use photoacoustic imaging for probing depth measurements with potential implications to the dental field, including tools for automated dental examinations or noninvasive examinations.

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