New coronavirus infection, hemostasis and heparin dosing problems: It is important to say now

Author(s):  
А.Ю. Буланов ◽  
Е.В. Ройтман

В отсутствие достаточной базы доказательной медицины самым ценным становится мнение экспертов, опирающихся на свой опыт и опыт коллег. COVID-19-ассоциированная коагулопатия имеет характер тромбовоспаления. Назначение гепаринов — нефракционированного или, главным образом, низкомолекулярного (НМГ) призвано преодолеть его, поскольку гепарин обладает не только антикоагулянтным эффектом, но и оказывает непрямое и прямое противовоспалительное дейст вие. Поэтому назначение НМГ как минимум в профилактических дозах показано всем госпитализированным пациентам. Система гемостаза у пациентов с COVID-19, прежде всего у тяжелых, требует лабораторной оценки количества тромбоцитов, содержания Д-димера, протромбинового отношения или процентов протромбина по Квику и концентрации фибриногена. Анализ данных показал, что своеобразие коронавирусного гемостаза формирует гиперфибриногенемия, которая становится явным фактором гепаринорезистентности. Для преодоления последней назначение увеличенных (промежуточных или лечебных) доз НМГ выглядит перспективным решением. Достаточность назначения уместно определить либо по анти- Ха активности или (как экспресс-оценка) по тромбоэластрограмме. In the absence of a suffi cient base of evidence-based medicine, the most valuable becomes the expert’s opinion as a mirror of both personal and collegial experience. COVID-19-associated coagulopathy has a character of a thromboinfl ammation. The heparins — unfractionated or mainly low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) are intended to overcome it, since heparins have not only an anticoagulant effect but both an indirect and direct anti-infl ammatory effects as well. So that LMWH are indicated for all in-hospital patients. Patients with COVID-19, especially in severe cases, require laboratory testing of platelet count, D-dimer, prothrombin ratio or prothrombin percents by Quick and fi brinogen. Data analysis showed that a feature of coronavirus hemostasis is hyperfibrinogenemia that becomes an overt factor for heparin resistance. To overcome the latter, an adjusting doses of LMWH toward intermediate or therapeutic looks like a promising way. The suffi ciency of the adjusted LMWH dose is appropriate determining either with anti- Xa activity or thromboelastographically as express testing. Key words: hemostasis, COVID-19-associated coagulopathy, fibrinogen, low molecular weight heparins

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-317
Author(s):  
Alexander D. Makatsariya ◽  
Ekaterina V. Slukhanchuk ◽  
Victoria O. Bitsadze ◽  
Jamilya Kh. Khizroeva ◽  
Maria V. Tretyakova ◽  
...  

The spread of a new coronavirus infection worldwide since the end of 2019 has becomes a pandemic. Thrombotic complications are the leading cause of death in this disease. After entering the human body, the virus starts a cascade of reactions leading to the development of a cytokine storm, activation of all parts of the hemostasis and complement systems and other changes that result in disturbances in the circulation system with the development of multiple organ failures. Numerous studies have shown that a predictor of a severe course of COVID-19 is a sharp increase of D-dimer concentration in the blood and rise of some other markers of hemostasis activation. Based on the pathogenesis, the developed schemes for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 severe complications include low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) which are also recommended for an outpatient COVID-19 patient. The prescription of low molecular weight heparin, the duration of their use and doses should be decided on the basis of a risk assessment of factors for each individual patient in combination with laboratory monitoring.


2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
A. S. Allakhverdyan ◽  
A. N. Anipchenko ◽  
N. N. Anipchenko

Background: The worse prognosis in cancer patients with COVID-19 infection in the context of the pandemic, compared to that in the general population, poses new challenges to ensure the perioperative safety.Aim: To reduce the risk of infection for cancer patients in the perioperative period and to prevent severe COVID-19.Materials and methods: During two months of the COVID-19 (from March to April 2020), we performed 158 surgical interventions: 49 for breast cancer, 31 for lung cancer (videothoracoscopic segmental and lobar resections), 12 for stomach cancer (8 distal and 1 proximal laparoscopic subtotal gastric resections, 3 gastrectomies), 16 laparoscopic resections for colorectal cancer, 29 resections with a reconstructive plastic for malignant skin tumors, 21 palliative and diagnostic operations (diagnostic thoracoscopy and laparoscopy, laparoscopic colostomy).Results: Preventive administration during preparation for surgery (interferon-al-pha2b and low molecular weight heparins) and for suspected infection (antibiotics, low molecular weight heparins and dexamethasone 12 mg/day intravenously) allowed for lower rates of the new coronavirus infection (1.3%) and its severe cases (0%) during surgical treatment of malignant tumors.Conclusion: Surgical treatment of cancer patients in the context of a new coronavirus infection pandemic should be carried out with strict adherence to anti-epidemic measures.


2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-488
Author(s):  
S I Safiullina ◽  
R I Litvinov

The new coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) is characterized by a high frequency of thrombotic complications varying from venous or, more rarely, arterial thrombosis to the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and/or diffuse pulmonary vascular microthrombosis, which aggravates the disease and becomes one of the leading causes of deaths. Timely and personalized anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparins may prevent a severe course of the disease and improve outcomes. This applies to outpatients, hospitalized patients and patients in the early post hospital period. In the future, to develop comprehensive and evidence-based guidelines on the management of patients with COVID-19, it is necessary to conduct comprehensive systematic studies and comparative clinical trials of prophylaxis and treatment of hemostatic disorders in patients with COVID-19.


1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S5-S11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Hoppensteadt ◽  
Jeanine Walenga ◽  
A Ahsan ◽  
O Iqbal ◽  
W Jeske ◽  
...  

SummaryThe introduction of low molecular weight heparins has added a new dimension to the pharmacological management of thrombotic disorders. Because of different chemical and pharmacological characteristics, due to the manufacturing process, each LMWH should be considered as a distinct entitity and only be used for its given indication. A list of commercially available LMWHs is included. The mechanism of action of the LMWHs and their use in various disorders are discussed. Available laboratory tests for monitoring LMWHs are presented and their limitations pointed out.


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