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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Sedky ◽  
Atif Mossad Ali ◽  
H. Algarni

Abstract We report here the structural, FTIR, optical and dielectric properties of Zn1−xAlxO with x = 00.00 < x ≤ 0.20)). The wurtzite structure is conformed to all samples and the lattice constants, crystallite diameter, porosity and average crystalline size are generally decreased. The residual stress is compressive for pure samples, but it is changed to tensile for the doped samples. Interestingly, Debye temperature and elastic modulus are increased as x increases to 0.10, followed by a decrease at x = 0.20. Two different energy gaps Egh and Egl are apparent for each sample, corresponding of two transition absorption peaks. Interestingly, the ΔE = (Egh – Egl) ~ 0.60 for all samples. Further, the residual dielectric constant is decreased by increasing x to 0.10, followed by a sharp increase at x = 0.20 while the opposite behavior for (N/m*). The dielectric constant ε′ is slightly increased as x increases to 0.025, followed by a sharp increase as x increases to 0.20, as well as the ac conductivity σ/. The conduction is electronic for x ≤ 0.025 samples, but it is changed to hole with an increase of x to 0.20. The binding energy Wm was decreased as x increases to 0.20, but there is no exact trend against x for the behaviors of minimum hopping distance Rmin and density of localized states N. In addition, the density of states at Fermi level N (EF) has an optimum value at 195 KHz for all samples. The F-factor for solar cell design is increased as x increases to 0.10, but it is almost constant at x = 0.20. The Cole-Cole plot is a straight line for x = 0.00, a semicircle arc for x = 0.025 and a complete semicircle for x ≥ 0.05. The impedance resistance of grain Z\(g) and grain boundaries Z\(gb) are gradually decreased by increasing x to 0.20. These outcomes indicate that the addition of Al to ZnO shifts the mechanical, optical, and dielectric medium to higher values, which is strongly recommended for the design of optoelectronic and solar cell instruments.


Author(s):  
Arndt Büssing ◽  
Klaus Baumann ◽  
Janusz Surzykiewicz

AbstractMany people relied on their faith as one resource in order to cope during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Germany, between the eighteen months from June 2020 to November 2021, different participants at different times were assessed during different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. The total sample of this continuous cross-sectional survey consisted of 4,693 participants. Analyses revealed that with the 2nd wave of the infection and its 2nd lockdown, trust in a Higher Source, along with praying and meditation decreased. Also, the sharp increase in corona-related stressors was associated with a decline of wellbeing and a continuing loss of faith. These developments were observed in both Catholics and Protestants, and in both younger and older persons. In addition, the long phases of insecurity and social isolation lacking the significant support usually given by religious communities may have likewise challenged the religious-coping capacities of religious/spiritual people themselves.


2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
Made Sutha Yadnya ◽  
Ni Luh Sinar Ayu Ratna Dewi ◽  
Sudi Maryanto Al Sasongko ◽  
Rosmaliati Rosmaliati ◽  
Abdulah Zainuddin

In the covid-19 condition, lectures at the Department of Electrical Engineering, Mataram University changed from a face-to-face process to via the Internet. T here will be a very sharp increase in demand. The use of data initially provided by the University of Mataram using a free hotspot network turned into a burden on lecturers and students. This research was conducted by sampling, general compulsory subjects, compulsory electrical courses, and compulsory expertise subjects. The distribution of variations of students domiciled in the City of Mataram and the other place coverage Lombok Island, within NTB and outside NTB. The results obtained are as follows: students who still survive in Mataram City are 17% (10.5 GB), Lombok Island 48% (8.1 GB), outside Lonbok Island 27% (4.8 GB), and outside NTB 8% (15 GB). Keyword : covid-19; lectures; online


Arthroplasty ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Realyvasquez ◽  
Vivek Singh ◽  
Akash K. Shah ◽  
Dionisio Ortiz ◽  
Joseph X. Robin ◽  
...  

AbstractThe direct anterior approach (DAA) to the hip was initially described in the nineteenth century and has been used sporadically for total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, recent increased interest in tissue-sparing and small incision arthroplasty has given rise to a sharp increase in the utilization of the DAA. Although some previous studies claimed that this approach results in less muscle damage and pain as well as rapid recovery, a paucity in the literature exists to conclusively support these claims. While the DAA may be comparable to other THA approaches, no evidence to date shows improved long-term outcomes for patients compared to other surgical approaches for THA. However, the advent of new surgical instruments and tables designed specifically for use with the DAA has made the approach more feasible for surgeons. In addition, the capacity to utilize fluoroscopy intraoperatively for component positioning is a valuable asset to the approach and can be of particular benefit for surgeons during their learning curve. An understanding of its limitations and challenges is vital for the safe employment of this technique. This review summarizes the pearls and pitfalls of the DAA for THA in order to improve the understanding of this surgical technique for hip replacement surgeons.


Author(s):  
А.Э. Муслимов ◽  
В.М. Каневский

The effect of enhancement the hydrophobic properties of the ensemble of micro- and nanostructures ZnO as a result of coating with gold was discovered. For the first time, it has been shown that coating the ensemble with a micro- and nanoparticle ZnO layer of gold leads to a sharp increase in the wetting edge angle from 145 to 168 ° (water drop volume 5 mm3) and a decrease in the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity transition time under ultraviolet irradiation. Keywords: ZnO, gold, superhydrophobic.


Author(s):  
Е.С. Макарова ◽  
А.В. Асач ◽  
И.Л. Тхоржевский ◽  
В.Е. Фомин ◽  
А.В. Новотельнова ◽  
...  

The estimation of the deviation in the measurements of thermal conductivity by the laser flash method for materials with different thermal conductivity coefficients, arising due to the presence of a graphite coating on the sample and the small thickness of the sample, is carried out. A computer model of the method was created in the Comsol Multiphysics software environment. For bulk samples with a graphite coating thickness of 20 μm, the deviation is 5.5 %. The thickness of bulk samples does not affect the measurement results. For materials with low thermal conductivity, a sharp increase in the deviation is observed, reaching 60%. For thermally conductive materials, the deviation is 16-18%. For thin samples less than 10 μm thick, the thickness of the graphite coating does not affect the measurement results. The decisive factor is the duration of the laser pulse.


MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-320
Author(s):  
O. N. DHAR ◽  
S.S. NANDARGI

Onset of monsoon for each year of the period from 1961 to 1986 over the Upper Mahanadi basin has been studied taking into consideration the sharp increase in water levels of the Hirakud reservoir. This study has shown that .there are positive and negative time-lags in the arrival of monsoon run off into the reservoir. It has been seen that positive time lags are due to antecedent condition of the basin before the onset of monsoon while negative time-lag appears to be due to pre-monsoon thunderstorm activity which causes reservoir levels to increase before the onset of monsoon. Attempt has been made to discuss all these cases briefly. It has been seen that on  a majority of occasions monsoon runoff has reached the reservoir with a time-lag of 1 to 4 days.  


Author(s):  
Ilmir Nusratullin ◽  
Igor Drozdov ◽  
Alexei Ermakov ◽  
Elena Koksharova ◽  
Maya Mashchenko

The COVID-19 pandemic is highly infectious, so it paralyzed the health systems of many countries causing a high mortality rate. Official data on COVID-19 deaths at many sites are questioned, and the figures are considered several times higher than official data. In this sense, the objective of the study was to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the natural movement of the population and, in addition, to evaluate the real mortality rate from COVID-19 in Russia from the construction of predictive mortality models. The study used data from the World Health Organization and the Statistical Service of the Federal State of Russia; se used linear and polynomial models to construct mortality models. The study revealed an underestimation of the official COVID-19 death rate by 2.4 to 6.8 times, depending on the data source. There was a sharp increase in mortality in Russia in 2020 among people over 50 years of age, and with the increase in age, mortality increased. The main reasons for the sharp increase in mortality were coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, and respiratory diseases, among others.


Author(s):  
Xufeng Cui ◽  
Cuicui Liu ◽  
Ling Shan ◽  
Jiaqi Lin ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
...  

Exploring the changes of ecosystem services value caused by land use transformation driven by urbanization is crucial for ensuring the safety of the regional ecological environment and for enhancing the value of ecosystem services. Based on the land use remote sensing data during the rapid urbanization development period of Hubei Province from 1995 to 2015, this study analyzed the characteristics of land use/land cover change and land use transformation. The spatial–temporal response characteristics and evolution of ecosystem services value (ESV) to land use transformation driven by urbanization were measured by equivalent factor method, spatial autocorrelation analysis, hot spot analysis and gravity model. We found that: (1) Driven by urbanization, the most significant feature of land use transformation in Hubei Province was the expansion of the built-up land and the significant reduction of cropland and forest, among which 90% of the new built-up land was converted from cropland and forest. (2) This land use transformation became the main source of ESV losses. Especially, the sharp increase of the built-up land from 2010 to 2015, occupying cropland and forest, resulted in ESV losses of nearly USD 320 million. The service capacity of climate regulation, soil conservation, gas regulation and food production undertaken by cropland and forest decreased. (3) The ecosystem services value in the study area showed spatial distribution characteristics of high in the west and low in the middle and east regions. The center of gravity of ESV shifted from northwest to southeast. Due to the sharp increase of the built-up land from 2010 to 2015, the center of gravity shift rebounded. This study can help policymakers better understand the trade−offs between land use transformation and ecosystem services driven by urbanization.


Author(s):  
Кристина Александровна Насреддинова

Проблемы распространения экстремизма и радикализации общества является одной из первостепенных проблем любого государства. Последствия насильственных преступлений, совершаемых по экстремистским мотивам, всегда поражают своей циничностью, безжалостностью и порождают страх у всего общества. Наши исправительные учреждения тоже столкнулись с проблемами распространения и пропаганды экстремизма среди осужденных со стороны лиц, отбывающих наказание за эти преступления. Однако, как показывает практика, эта проблема актуальна для пенитенциарных учреждений государств всего мира. Поэтому изучение опыта одной из европейских стран представляется интересным с точки зрения заимствования наиболее эффективных профилактических мероприятий при борьбе с экстремизмом. В статье автором анализируются итоги исследования, проведенного в Великобритании, целью которого было изучение масштабов и характера радикализации осужденных в трех тюрьмах строгого режима Англии и Уэльса. В ходе данного исследования был составлен криминологический портрет осужденного, склонного к радикализации, выявлены основные причины распространения экстремизма в тюрьмах, среди которых особенно выделяются проблемы, связанные с сокращением численности сотрудников, увеличением числа вакантных должностей. Кроме того, отсутствие опыта работы именно с осужденными-мусульманами у персонала тюрем, связанного с непониманием ими основ мусульманской религии, ее ценностей, а также отсутствие профессионально подготовленных капелланов, привели к резкому росту экстремизма. Автором изучены все мероприятия, проведенные на уровне уголовно-исполнительной политики государства с целью профилактики экстремизма в тюрьмах. К таким относится создание в 2016 г. нового государственного управления по вопросам безопасности, порядка и борьбы с терроризмом, а также мероприятия, направленные на обучение персонала, координацию деятельности оперативных служб, выявление наиболее «уязвимых» лиц для радикализации, решение кадровых вопросов с подбором персонала. В результате это привело к сокращению роста распространения экстремизма в тюрьмах Великобритании. The problems of the spread of extremism and the radicalization of society is one of the primary problems of any state. The consequences of violent crimes committed for extremist motives are always striking in their cynicism, ruthlessness and generate fear in the whole society. Our correctional institutions have also faced problems with the spread and propaganda of extremism among convicts, on the part of persons serving sentences for these crimes. But as practice shows, absolutely all penitentiary institutions of the world have faced this. Therefore, studying the experience of one of the European countries seems interesting, from the point of view of borrowing positive experience, the most effective preventive measures in the fight against extremism. The author analyzes the results of a study conducted in Great Britain, which sought to examine the extent and nature of radicalization of convicts in three maximum security prisons in England and Wales. In the course of this study, a criminological portrait of a convict prone to radicalization was compiled, the main causes of the spread of extremism in prisons were identified, among which the problems associated with a reduction in the number of employees and an increase in the number of vacant positions are particularly highlighted. In addition, the lack of experience of working with Muslim convicts among prison staff, due to their lack of understanding of the basics of the Muslim religion, its values, as well as the lack of professionally trained chaplains, led to a sharp increase in extremism. The author has studied all the measures carried out at the level of the state's penal policy in order to prevent extremism in prisons. These include the creation in 2016 of a new State Department for security, order and the fight against terrorism, as well as measures aimed at training personnel, coordinating the activities of operational services, identifying the most "vulnerable" persons for radicalization, and resolving personnel issues with recruitment. As a result, this has led to a reduction in the growth of extremism in UK prisons.


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