scholarly journals Prevalence of well-characterized and putative marker mutations in benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms

Author(s):  
В.Д. Якушина ◽  
Т.Ф. Авдеева ◽  
Т.П. Казубская ◽  
Т.Т. Кондратьева ◽  
Л.В. Лернер ◽  
...  

Недостаточная точность дооперационной дифференциальной диагностики путём цитологического исследования материала, полученного при тонкоигольной аспирационной биопсии, и низкая доля случаев злокачественных новообразований, описываемых молекулярно-генетическими маркерами с известной диагностической значимостью, обуславливают актуальность поиска новых молекулярно-генетических маркеров и необходимость оценки их ассоциации с риском рака и клинико-морфологическими характеристиками. Целью работы явилось исследование распространенности расширенного спектра известных и новых предполагаемых драйверных и вторичных мутаций в доброкачественных и злокачественных новообразованиях щитовидной железы. Материал исследования: свежезамороженный хирургический материал злокачественных (64 образца) и доброкачественных (16 образцов) новообразований щитовидной железы. Для поиска точковых вариантов, коротких инсерций/делеций, изменений копийности выполнено таргетное высокопроизводительное секвенирование ДНК по технологии AmpliSeq на платформе NextSeq 550 (Illumina). Поиск перестроек выполнен по наличию транскрипта методом таргетного высокопроизводительного секвенирования по технологии AmpliSeq на платформе MiSeq (Illumina). Мутации в генах BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, HRAS выявлены в 62% случаев рака. В 12% случаев рака выявлены перестройки CCDC6-RET (3 случая) и PAX8-PPARG (2 случая), TPM3-NTRK1, ETV6-NTRK3, STRN-ALK - по одному случаю. Во всех случаях выявленные перестройки были взаимоисключающие с другими известными драйверными мутациями. При доброкачественных новообразованиях перестройки не выявлены. Мутации промотора гена TERT выявлены в 10% случаев рака щитовидной железы и были представлены совместно с известными драйверными мутациями. Известная миссенс мутация EIF1AX выявлена в одном случае доброкачественного новообразования, при злокачественных новообразованиях мутации в гене EIF1AX не выявлены. Предполагаемые драйверные мутации в онкогенах PPM1D, PDGFRA, KDR выявлены в образцах рака щитовидной железы и не выявлены при доброкачественных новообразованиях щитовидной железы. Выводы: дана характеристика распространенности драйверных мутаций с известной диагностической значимостью и мутаций в генах, описанных в литературе без установленной диагностической значимости, при доброкачественных и злокачественных новообразованиях щитовидной железы. Insufficient accuracy of preoperative differential diagnostics by cytological examination of fine-needle aspiration biopsy material and low proportion of cases of malignant neoplasms described by molecular genetic markers with known diagnostic significance determine the relevance of the search for new molecular genetic markers with an assessment of their association with cancer risk and clinical and morphological characteristics. The aim of the work was to study the prevalence of an expanded spectrum of known and new putative driver and secondary mutations in benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms. Material: fresh frozen surgical material of malignant (64 samples) and benign (16 samples) thyroid neoplasms. Methods: search for point variants, short insertions/deletions, and copy number variations was performed via targeted high-throughput sequencing using AmpliSeq technology on the Illumina NextSeq platform. Fusions were by the presence of fused transcript by targeted high-throughput sequencing using AmpliSeq technology on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Results: mutations in genes BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, HRAS were detected in 62% of cancer cases. In 12% of cancers we detected rearrangements of CCDC6-RET (3 cases) and PAX8-PPARG (2 cases), TPM3-NTRK1, ETV6-NTRK3, STRN-ALK - one case each. In all cases, the identified rearrangements were mutually exclusive with other known driver mutations. In benign neoplasms, no rearrangements were found. Mutations in the TERT gene promoter have been identified in 10% of thyroid cancers and have been associated with known driver mutations. The well-known missense mutation EIF1AX was detected in one case of a benign neoplasm of the thyroid gland; in malignant neoplasms, no EIF1AX mutation were detected. Putative driver mutations in the PPM1D, PDGFRA, KDR oncogenes were detected in thyroid cancer samples and were not detected in benign thyroid neoplasms. Conclusions: the work characterize the prevalence of driver mutations with a known diagnostic significance and mutations in genes described in the literature without a known diagnostic significance in benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms.

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Musholt ◽  
T. J. Musholt

SummaryAim: Thyroid nodules > 1 cm are observed in about 12% of unselected adult employees aged 18–65 years screened by ultrasound scan (40). While intensive ultrasound screening leads to early detection of thyroid diseases, the determination of benign or malignant behaviour remains uncertain and may trigger anxieties in many patients and their physicians. A considerable number of thyroid resections are consecutively performed due to suspicion of malignancy in the detected nodes. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has been recommended for the assessment of thyroid nodules to facilitate detection of thyroid carcinomas but also to rule out malignancy and thereby avoid unnecessary thyroid resections. However, cytology results are dependent on experience of the respective cytologist and unfortunately inconclusive in many cases. Methods: Molecular genetic markers are already used nowadays to enhance sensitivity and specificity of FNAB cytology in some centers in Germany. The most clinically relevant molecular genetic markers as pre-operative diagnostic tools and the clinical implications for the intraoperative and postoperative management were reviewed. Results: Molecular genetic markers predominantly focus on the preoperative detection of thyroid malignancies rather than the exclusion of thyroid carcinomas. While some centers routinely assess FNABs, other centers concentrate on FNABs with cytology results of follicular neoplasia or suspicion of thyroid carcinoma. Predominantly mutations of BRAF, RET/PTC, RAS, and PAX8/PPARγ or expression of miRNAs are analyzed. However, only the detection of BRAF mutations predicts the presence of (papillary) thyroid malignancy with almost 98% probability, indicating necessity of oncologic thyroid resections irrespective of the cytology result. Other genetic alterations are associated with thyroid malignancy with varying frequency and achieve less impact on the clinical management. Conclusion: Molecular genetic analysis of FNABs is increasingly performed in Germany. Standardization, quality controls, and validation of various methods need to be implemented in the near future to be able to compare the results. With increasing knowledge about the impact of genetic alterations on the prognosis of thyroid carcinomas, recommendations have to be defined that may lead to individually optimized treatment strategies.


Author(s):  
Л.П. Кузьмина ◽  
◽  
А.Г. Хотулева ◽  
М.М. Коляскина ◽  
Л.М. Безрукавникова ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Ponomaryova ◽  
E. Yu. Rykova ◽  
N. V. Cherdyntseva ◽  
E. L. Choinzonov ◽  
P. P. Laktionov ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 972-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. Petrov ◽  
I. P. Vladychenskaya ◽  
A. L. Drozdov ◽  
O. S. Kedrova

2016 ◽  
Vol 172 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted W. Toal ◽  
Diana Burkart-Waco ◽  
Tyson Howell ◽  
Mily Ron ◽  
Sundaram Kuppu ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
E. V. Elistratova ◽  
P. P. Laktionov ◽  
P. I. Shelestuk ◽  
S. A. Tuzikov ◽  
V. V. Vlassov ◽  
...  

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