Improving the Analysis of DNA Sanger Sequencing Results: SeqBase Computer Program

Author(s):  
А.С. Танас ◽  
О.А. Симонова ◽  
Н.Ю. Абрамычева ◽  
В.В. Стрельников

Введение. Программное обеспечение, предоставляемое производителями автоматических генетических анализаторов, в большинстве случаев позволяет провести адекватный анализ результатов секвенирования ДНК по Сэнгеру для матриц с составом нуклеотидов, близким к эквивалентному. Однако для рассмотрения результатов секвенирования матриц, отличающихся неэквивалентным нуклеотидным составом, требуется проводить анализ электрофореграмм с сохранением информации об интенсивности сигналов флуоресценции. В особенности это касается секвенирования ДНК, модифицированной бисульфитом натрия. Цель: разработать и апробировать в практике научных исследований компьютерную программу для обеспечения адекватного анализа электрофореграмм секвенирования ДНК по Сэнгеру на основе бережного отношения к первичным данным и аккуратного определения базовых линий в спектральных каналах отдельных нуклеотидов. Методы. Программа SeqBase написана на языке C#, программная платформа .NET Framework 4.0, и выполняется в среде исполнения CLR (Common Language Runtime) для операционных систем семейства Windows. Адрес установочного пакета программы SeqBase: http://www.epigenetic.ru/projects/seqbase. Результаты. Разработана компьютерная программа, предназначенная для анализа первичных результатов секвенирования по Сэнгеру (хроматограмм капиллярного электрофореза), полученных на автоматических генетических анализаторах и представленных в файлах формата ABIF (*.ab1), обеспечивающая следующие возможности: 1) просмотр исходных электрофореграмм как в общем виде, так и раздельно по спектральным каналам; 2) кадрирование области анализа; 3) сглаживание сигналов; 4) ручная установка базовой линии по каждому из спектральных каналов; 5) сведение базовых линий по всем каналам; 6) ручная коррекция подвижности фрагментов ДНК в зависимости от типа флуоресцентной метки терминирующего нуклеотида. Апробация программы успешно проведена в рамках ряда исследований, результаты которых опубликованы в рецензируемых научных изданиях. Заключение. Использование программы SeqBase целесообразно для анализа результатов секвенирования по Сэнгеру матриц ДНК с неэквивалентным нуклеотидным составом, в особенности, модифицированных бисульфитом натрия, во избежание получения ложных результатов и для уточнения количественных оценок. Background. The software provided by the manufacturers of automatic genetic analyzers, in most cases, allows an adequate analysis of the results of Sanger DNA sequencing for templates with a nucleotide composition close to the equivalent. However, to consider the results of sequencing of templates with non-equivalent nucleotide composition, it is necessary to analyze electrophoregrams with preservation of primary information on the intensity of fluorescence signals. This is especially important for the sequencing of DNA modified with sodium bisulfite. Aim: to develop and validate in the practice of scientific research a computer program that ensures adequate analysis of electrophoregrams of Sanger DNA sequencing based on preservation of the primary data and on accurate determination of baselines in the spectral channels of individual nucleotides. Methods. The SeqBase program is written in C#, the programming platform .NET Framework 4.0, and runs in the CLR (Common Language Runtime) for Windows operating systems. SeqBase installation package address is http://www.epigenetic.ru/projects/seqbase. Results. A computer program has been developed designed to analyze the primary results of Sanger sequencing (chromatograms of capillary electrophoresis) obtained from automatic genetic analyzers and presented in files of the ABIF (*.ab1) format, which provides the following functions: 1) viewing the original electrophoregrams both in general form and separately by spectral channels; 2) cropping the area of analysis; 3) signal smoothing; 4) manual setting of the baseline for each of the spectral channels; 5) convergence of baselines on all channels; 6) manual correction of the mobility of DNA fragments depending on the type of fluorescent label of the terminating nucleotide. The program has been successfully tested in a number of studies, the results of which have been published in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Conclusion. The use of the SeqBase program is advisable for the analysis of the results of Sanger sequencing of DNA templates with non-equivalent nucleotide composition, especially those modified with sodium bisulfite, to avoid false results and to clarify quantitative estimates.

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dachuan Yu ◽  
Andrew Kennedy ◽  
Don Syme

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 612-612
Author(s):  
Michael Sperber ◽  
Lennart Augustsson

Compiling functional languages to the existing variety of platforms calls for sophisticated implementations of run-time systems. This special issue focuses on this often-neglected aspect. We volunteered to compile this special issue in 2012 and immediately started soliciting papers. The original call for papers covered native-code platforms as well as run-time systems originally designed for non-functional languages such as the Java Virtual Machine or the .NET Common Language Runtime.


Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 5042-5042
Author(s):  
Patricia Severino ◽  
Liliane Santana Oliveira ◽  
Natalia Torres ◽  
Joao Carlos Guerra ◽  
Nelson Hamerschlak ◽  
...  

Abstract Hemophilia A, B, and von Willebrand disease correspond to more than 90% of all inherited bleeding disorders associated with coagulation factor deficiencies. Symptoms between these deficiencies may vary greatly and yet are often phenotypically similar. Bleeding episodes can range from mild to severe, at times with life threatening hemorrhages. Currently, biochemical assays are performed to assess the function of each coagulation factor, but diagnosis remains cumbersome and prone to multiple sources of variability between laboratories. Genetic evaluation allows for the examination of multiple coagulation factor genes simultaneously and may quickly identify possible causes to the disease. Additionally, genetic testing should be more reproducible and readily comparable between clinical laboratories. In this work we evaluate the potential use of targeted sequencing of three coagulation factors genes – F8, F9 and VWF – for the concurrent diagnosis and characterization of hemophilia A, B, and von Willebrand disease samples. For targeted DNA sequencing we selected specific DNA probes using genomic coordinates spanning the complete intronic and exonic regions of the three genes, as well as flanking gene sequences. Eleven hemophilia A samples and four hemophilia B samples, clinically characterized and submitted to Sanger sequencing for F8 and F9 genes coding regions, respectively, were included in this study. Our results indicate that even though DNA quality may be ideal for traditional DNA sequencing, enrichment techniques require more intact fragments, as reflected by variations in sequencing coverage between samples: quadruplicate results per sample showed 100X coverage varying from 80% of sequenced regions to less then 20%. Point substitutions found in F9 genes by Sanger sequencing were confirmed by targeted sequencing, but results for F8 gene were less satisfactory, in agreement with probe design limitations at this point. Of interest for hemophilia A patients, four samples possessed, in addition to the alterations in F8, point mutations in VWF. Probe design and sequencing parameters did not allow for the identification of F8 intron 1 and intron 22 inversions, frequent alterations in hemophilia A, but optimization procedures are currently underway. We conclude that targeted sequencing approach may be a viable and more complete solution for the diagnosis and management of hemophilia A, B and von Willebrand disease. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Author(s):  
Ayobami Adesiyan ◽  
Ayomikun Kade ◽  
Kafayat Oladimeji ◽  
Kehinde Sowunmi

DNA sequencing methods were first developed more than 20 years ago with the publication of two approaches to sequencing methodology that became known as Sanger sequencing (1), based on enzymatic synthesis from a single-stranded DNA template with chain termination using dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) and Maxim-Gilbert sequencing (2),which involved chemical degradation ofend-radio-labeled DNA fragments. Both methods relied on four-lane,high resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to separate the labeled fragment and allow the base sequence to be read in a staggered ladder-like fashion. Sanger sequencing was technically easier and faster, and thus became the main DNA sequencing method for the vast majority of applications.


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