scholarly journals THE CASE OF LARGE TREPANATION OF THE BRONZE AGE SKULL FROM KURGAN 2 NEAR THE L'GOVSKOYE VILLAGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 145-159
Author(s):  
Д. В. Веселкова ◽  
Н. Г. Свиркина ◽  
О. И. Успенская ◽  
М. В. Добровольская ◽  
И. В. Рукавишникова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Wear Analysis ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

В ходе археологических исследований кургана № 2 из группы из двух курганов у с. Льговского (Республика Крым) было исследовано 22 погребения эпохи бронзы - раннего железного века. В одном из погребений эпохи бронзы был обнаружен скелет молодого мужчины, на черепе которого были зафиксированы следы трепанации. В статье представлены результаты ее комплексного исследования. Данная трепанация отличается крупным размером и сохранением тонкой нижней пластинки кортикального слоя кости на большей части поверхности места операционного вмешательства. Преобладающей техникой выполнения операции было скобление каменным орудием. Трасологический анализ выявил комплекс следов, оставленных по меньшей мере двумя инструментами с различным рабочим лезвием. Выдвигается предположение о лечебной цели проведения манипуляции. The archaeological excavations of kurgan 2 from the group of two kurgans near the L'govskoye village (Republic of Crimea) examined 21 burials dating to the Bronze Age - Early Iron Age. One of the Bronze Age burials yielded a skeleton of a young man with traces of trepanation on the skull. The paper reports on the results of its comprehensive research. This trepanation is noted for its large size and preservation of a thin lower plate of the bone cortical layer on a large surgically treated region. Scraping with a stone tool was a prevailing method of surgical procedures. The trace wear analysis revealed a series of traces left by at least two tools with different cutting edges. The paper also suggests that this surgical intervention was performed for treatment purposes.

Nuragic Settlement Dynamics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezary Namirski
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Settlement Dynamics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Bronze Age

The book is a study of the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Nuragic settlement dynamics in two selected areas of the east coast Sardinia, placing them in a wider context of Central Mediterranean prehistory. Among the main issues addressed are the relationship between settlement and ritual sites, the use of coastline, and a chronology of settlement.

scholarly journals THE OLDEST ROCK ART SITES OF THE KARATAU RANGE: PETROGLYPHS OF KARASUYIR

2022 ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
С. С. Мургабаев ◽  
Л. Д. Малдыбекова
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
The Bronze Age

Статья посвящена новому памятнику наскального искусства хребта Каратау, открытому в урочище Карасуйир. Приводится краткое описание памятника, публикуются наиболее важные изображения. Сюжеты и стилистические особенности основной чaсти петроглифов памятника Карасуйир связаны с эпохой бронзы, остaльные рисунки отнесены к эпохе рaннего железа и, возможно, к эпохе камня. Для некоторых из них предложена предварительная интерпретация. The article is devoted to a new rock art site of the Karatau Range, discovered in the Karasuyir Area. A brief description of the site is provided, and the most important images are published. Subjects and stylistic features of the main part of Karasuyir petroglyphs are associated with the Bronze Age, and other engravings are related to the early Iron Age and, perhaps, to the Stone Age. A preliminary interpretation is proposed for some of them.

The organization of flint processing in the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age: the example of the workshops at Nieborowa in central-eastern Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Boroń
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
The Bronze Age

Zusammenfassung:Die Fundstelle Nieborowa – im zentral-östlichen Polen an der Grenze zu der Łęczyńsko-Włodawskie Seenplatte und den Chełm Hügeln gelegen – wurde von Halina Mackiewicz (Institut für die Geschichte der Materiellen Kultur [seit 1992 Institut für Archäologie und Ethnologie der Polnischen Akademie der Wissenschaften]) in den Jahren 1964–1977 untersucht. Auf einem Gebiet von über 3500 mDer Lagerplatz bestand aus vier Werkstätten – zwei planigraphisch abgegrenzte (A, B) und zwei auf Basis der zusammengefügten Elemente rekonstruierte Werkstätten (C, D). Alle Werkstätten wiesen einen Durchmesser von etwa 1 m auf, die Entfernung zwischen ihnen betrug zwischen 1 und 3 m. Übereinstimmende Beobachtungen wie die Verwendung gleicher Feuersteinmaterialien und die Anwendung identischer Techniken zur Kernbearbeitung erlauben die Annahme gleichzeitig arbeitender Werkstätten. Die Distribution der Artefakte, die Struktur der Zusammenlegungen, die Homogenität des Feuersteininventars und die Separierung der Werkplätze zur Kernbearbeitung innerhalb jeder Werkstatt sprechen für eine singulär erfolgte Ansiedlung.Im Fall der besprochenen Werkstätten konnte erkannt werden, dass die Organisation der Bearbeitung des lokalen Feuersteinrohstoffes nach einem wiederkehrenden Schema erfolgte.

Bronze Age Settlements in Norfolk

1932 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Apling
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
General Level ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Short Account ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
To Come ◽  
Soil Excavation ◽  
The Bronze Age

In 1922 Miss N. F. Layard gave as her presidential address an account of some prehistoric cooking-places, which she had discovered near a stream at Buckenham Tofts, Norfolk (Proc., P.S.E.A., Vol. III., Part IV.). One of the hearths excavated consisted of a triangular mass of calcined flints, up to two feet in depth, and covering an area of over 100 square yards. This was on one end of a mound rising about ten feet above the general level of the swamp bordering the stream. Amongst this material were found several flint implements, including knives typical of the Bronze Age. There were also found two sherds of pottery corresponding closely to a known Bronze Age type, though this also continued into the Early Iron Age.Knowing nothing of Miss Layard's discoveries, in 1927 I came across similar deposits of pot-boilers, etc., at Hoe, near East Dereham. These are on either side of a small stream, which eventually runs into the River Wensum. Mr. Sainty and Mr. Newnham were good enough to come over and examine them, and Mr. Newnham subsequently gave a short account of them at the December meeting that year (Proc., P.S.E.A., Vol. V., Part III. page 311).I was able to revisit the site in June this year (1931), and at one place where, however, there was hardly a mound at all, a layer of pot-boilers, 6 ins. deep, was found under about 6 ins. of turf and soil. Excavation of an area 12 feet by 8 feet produced nearly a pailful of pottery fragments, three dozen scrapers, and an implement of the bone-breaker type, besides numbers of flakes and cores.

scholarly journals NEW DATA ON THE DENTAL CHARACTERISTICS EXHIBITED BY THE POPULATION OF THE KULAYKA CULTURE IN THE NOVOSIBIRSK OB AREA

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-151
Author(s):  
M.S. Kishkurno ◽  
A.V. Sleptsova
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Dental Morphology ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
The Bronze Age

The article covers the results of a study on the odontological series from the Kamenny Mys burial ground (3rd–2nd centuries BC). In this work, we set out to study the genesis of the Kulay population of the Early Iron Age in the Novosibirsk Ob area. The main relations of the population with the groups of adjacent territories, as well as the nature of their interaction with the local groups, were determined. The odontological series from the Kamenny Mys burial ground includes the teeth of 24 individuals: 12 males, 6 females and 10 adult individuals whose gender could not be determined. The anthropological materials were examined according to a standard procedure, which involves the description of the tooth crown morphology considering the archaic features of the dental morphology. Also, an intergroup comparative analysis was performed via the method of the principal component analysis using the program STATISTICA version 10.0. It was established that the dental characteristics exhibited by the Kulayka population reveal signs of mixed European-Mongoloid formation with a significant predominance of the Eastern component. We compared the morphological characteristics of the sample with data obtained for the populations of the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. The intergroup comparison revealed the closest connection between the Bolshaya Rechka culture and the Kulayka group. The studied material provides anthropological confirmation of the interaction between Kulayka (taiga) and Bolshaya Rechka traditions (steppe), drawing on the data about the burial rite and ceramic complexes. The comparison of the Kulayka series with Bronze Age samples suggests that the forest-steppe populations occupying the territories of the Novosibirsk and Tomsk Ob and the Ob-Irtysh areas had no effect on the genesis of the Kulayka population. We suppose that the origins of the Kulayka population in the Novosibirsk Ob area should be traced to the populations from the West Siberian taiga of the Bronze Age, which is significantly complicated by the lack of sufficiently complete and representative series dating back to the specified period from the territory of the Middle Ob area. Further accumulation of anthropological material from the Middle Ob area will provide the opportunity to trace the genesis of taiga populations of the Early Iron Age.

scholarly journals VEGETATION AND CLIMATE OF THE ISET-TOBOL INTERFLUVE FROM THE ENEOLITHIC TO THE EARLY IRON AGE: NEW PALAEOECOLOGICAL DATA ON THE OSKINO-09 SWAMP

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
E.D. Nasonova ◽  
N.E. Ryabogina ◽  
A.S. Afonin ◽  
S.N. Ivanov ◽  
A.A. Tkachev
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Pollen Data ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Birch Forests

The article analyses new data, which provides the opportunity to reconstruct the natural environment of peo-ple in the Tobol area (forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia) in the 3rd–1st millennia BC. The authors consider the issue associated with the consistency between off-site pollen data and on-site palynological data, as well as how correctly they reflect natural conditions defining the living environment of the ancient population. Materials for the study were obtained from the Oskino-09 swamp-lake located near the confluence of the Iset and Tobol Rivers in the immediate vicinity of a multilayer settlement (Oskino Boloto). The age of swamp-lake sediments was de-termined using an age-depth model developed on the basis of AMS dates. In this study, the authors analysed pollen and plant macro-remains, as well as the indicators of economic activity (non-pollen palynomorphs, weed pollen). The analysis of stratigraphy, the composition of plant macro-remains and local pollen revealed that up to 1.2 cal ka BC the water body in question was developing as a fresh lake, which allowed the inhabitants of the Oskino Boloto settlement to use it for fishing and as a source of water in the Eneolithic and in the Bronze Age. Its transformation into a swamp occurred in 1.1–0.8 cal ka BC, which coincided with the transition period from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age. During the study period, the swamp-lake and the settlement were surrounded by forests confined to the terraces of the Iset River; starting from the middle of the Eneolithic, birch-pine forests ap-peared in the vicinity. However, pine forests were actively replaced with birch forests at the beginning of the Bronze Age; evidently, warmer temperatures and higher humidity resulted in the appearance of deciduous trees. Most of the Bronze Age is associated with a gradual decrease in humidity, with the signs of an increase in the water table level and the active expansion of birch forests being observed only at the turn of the Bronze and Iron Ages. A new stage of coniferous forest expansion in the Early Iron Age (ca 0.8 cal ka BС) is probably associated with a low level of the water table, as well as with a general fall in the temperature. The natural environment at the beginning of the Early Iron Age is very similar to that at the end of the Eneolithic. New data indicate that there were no completely treeless areas in the studied interval; forests always grew along river terraces. However, most of the settlements located nearby in the Ingala Valley were confined to open meadow-steppe areas forming an inhabited landscape. Despite the differences in the off-site pollen data obtained from the swamp and the on-site data, these data reveal similar trends in climatic changes in the 3rd–1st millennia BC.

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