The Vector Ecology of Circulifer Tenellus and Its Association With Beet Curly Top Virus in Hemp

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Chiginsky ◽  
Punya Nachappa
Keyword(s):  
Vector Ecology ◽  
Beet Curly Top Virus ◽  
Circulifer Tenellus

scholarly journals Prediction of Early Season Beet Leafhopper Populations in Southern New Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Erik Lehnhoff ◽  
Rebecca Creamer
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Beet Leafhopper ◽  
Beet Curly Top Virus ◽  
Circulifer Tenellus ◽  
Sisymbrium Irio ◽  
The Relationship

Curly top is an important widespread disease in semiarid regions that can be caused by several Curtovirus and Becurtovirus species. The strains of beet curly top virus (BCTV) have been some of the most widely reported to be associated with curly top. The viruses causing curly top are phloem limited and transmitted by the beet leafhopper (BLH), Circulifer tenellus Baker (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). The BLH can also transmit other important pathogens such as phytoplasmas. Both the virus and insect vector have a broad host range of crops and weeds, including the winter annual weed London rocket (Sisymbrium irio L.). Prior prediction of disease would allow growers a window of opportunity to make informed management choices. A prediction model of BLH abundance was developed for southern New Mexico based on fall precipitation, which corresponds with London rocket emergence, and BLH sticky trap catch data for 2001 to 2018. Regression analyses showed positive associations between BLH numbers and October + November rainfall (P < 0.001) for two areas within southern New Mexico. A third area, where good weed management was used, had lower BLH numbers, and the relationship with precipitation was not significant (P = 0.190). Cumulative-season BLH abundance was correlated with BLH abundance in late April (r = 0.43) and late May (r = 0.56), indicating that early season knowledge of BLH abundance is useful for planning later season management. Although models based on October + November precipitation are good predictors of BLH abundance through June, they may not predict year-long BLH abundance because other environmental and biological factors contribute to subsequent BLH success and movement.

scholarly journals Systemic Insecticides and Plant Age Affect Beet Curly Top Virus Transmission to Selected Host Plants

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heping Wang ◽  
P. de A. Gurusinghe ◽  
Bryce W. Falk
Keyword(s):  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Beet Leafhopper ◽  
Beet Curly Top Virus ◽  
Circulifer Tenellus ◽  
Systemic Insecticides

Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to assess the effects of systemic insecticides and plant age on beet curly top virus (BCTV) transmission to sugar beet, tomato, pepper, melon, and cowpea. Sugar beets were the most susceptible to BCTV infection. For all BCTV-susceptible plants tested, younger plants showed greater susceptibility to infection than did older plants, even when inoculations were delayed by only 1 week. Systemic insecticides applied to test plants resulted in increased beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus) mortality and decreased the percent BCTV transmission. Soil treatment with imidacloprid (250 g a.i./ha) gave significantly better reductions in BCTV transmission than did dimethoate foliar sprays (280 g a.i./ha). These data suggest that the use of specific systemic insecticides only when crop plants are most susceptible to BCTV infection could be an effective alternative component of the curly top disease control program.

Planting date affects phenology of London rocket (Sisymbrium irio) and interaction with beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus)

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarren Ray ◽  
Jill Schroeder ◽  
Rebecca Creamer ◽  
Leigh Murray
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Beet Leafhopper ◽  
Beet Curly Top Virus ◽  
Circulifer Tenellus ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Sisymbrium Irio ◽  
The Impact

London rocket is a common winter annual weed in southern New Mexico that can host beet curly top virus and its insect vector, the beet leafhopper. Experiments were conducted in southern New Mexico to determine if London rocket could serve as a host for overwintering beet leafhopper. Field experiments were carried out from 2002 to 2003 and from 2003 to 2004 to compare the impact of three London rocket planting dates on plant emergence and life history and leafhopper survival. Emergence was highest in October-planted London rocket, low in January/February plantings, and did not occur for August plantings. The life cycle was 185 d and 125 d for October- and January-planted London rocket, respectively, and growth of the plant (including height and rosette base diameter) was greater for London rocket that was planted in October. October-planted London rocket survived from late October through mid to late April, the period of time needed to serve as an overwintering host for beet leafhoppers. Caging the plants to assess beet leafhopper survival did not affect rate of plant growth, but it reduced the time to flowering for October-planted London rocket and increased the height and weight of plants. Beet leafhoppers were able to survive for approximately 2 mo in early winter or spring on caged London rocket plants.

scholarly journals Characterization of Beet curly top virus Strains Circulating in Beet Leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Northeastern Oregon

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 1586-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia I. Rondon ◽  
Mary Sue Roster ◽  
Launa L. Hamlin ◽  
Kelsie J. Green ◽  
Alexander V. Karasev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Beet Leafhopper ◽  
Beet Curly Top Virus ◽  
Circulifer Tenellus ◽  
Virus Incidence ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Virus Genomes ◽  
Virus Strains

The beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus, is an agriculturally important pest, particularly in the western United States. This insect transmits the Beet curly top virus (BCTV) to multiple crops, including bean, tomato, and pepper. In this study, we investigated the incidence of BCTV in individual leafhoppers collected at several sites in northeastern Oregon during the growing season in 2007, 2008, and 2009. Of the 800 insects tested, 151 (18.9%) were found positive for the virus. Percentage of virus incidence varied from 0% at one location in 2009 to a high of 55.6% for a location sampled in 2008. The complete virus genomes from one virus-positive insect collected in each of the 3 years were determined. BLAST analysis of the BCTV whole-genome sequences from 2007, 2008, and 2009 insects showed 98, 94, and 96% identities with the BCTV-Worland sequence (AY134867), respectively. The BCTV_2008 sequence showed the greatest identity (96%) with another BCTV genomic sequence (JN817383), and was found to be a recombinant between the BCTV-Worland type, representing the majority of the genome (approximately 2.2 kb), and the BCTV-CFH type that provided an approximately 0.8-kb fragment spanning replication-related genes C1 and C2. This area of the BCTV genome, between the C1 and C2 genes, was previously found to carry symptom determinants of the virus, and the data may suggest more severe effects of BCTV during the 2008 season. Results indicate that BCTV is common and widespread in C. tenellus in eastern Oregon and that there is substantial genetic diversity among the virus strains present in this important field and vegetable crop-growing region.

scholarly journals Adaptation from whitefly to leafhopper transmission of an autonomously replicating nanovirus-like DNA component associated with ageratum yellow vein disease

2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Saunders ◽  
Ian D. Bedford ◽  
John Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Bipartite Begomovirus ◽  
Systemic Movement ◽  
Beet Curly Top Virus ◽  
Circulifer Tenellus ◽  
Ageratum Yellow Vein Virus ◽  
Systemic Spread ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Dna 2 ◽  
Vein Disease

Ageratum yellow vein disease is caused by the whitefly-transmitted monopartite begomovirus Ageratum yellow vein virus and a DNA β satellite component. Naturally occurring symptomatic plants also contain an autonomously replicating nanovirus-like DNA 1 component that relies on the begomovirus and DNA β for systemic spread and whitefly transmission but is not required for maintenance of the disease. Here, we show that systemic movement of DNA 1 occurs in Nicotiana benthamiana when co-inoculated with the bipartite begomovirus Tomato golden mosaic virus and the curtovirus Beet curly top virus (BCTV), but not with the mastrevirus Bean yellow dwarf virus. BCTV also mediates the systemic movement of DNA 1 in sugar beet, and the nanovirus-like component is transmitted between plants by the BCTV leafhopper vector Circulifer tenellus. We also describe a second nanovirus-like component, referred to as DNA 2, that has only 47% nucleotide sequence identity with DNA 1. The diversity and adaptation of nanovirus components are discussed.

Characterization of beet curly top virus subgenomic DNA localizes sequences required for replication

Virology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 808-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Frischmuth ◽  
John Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Beet Curly Top Virus

Circulifer tenellus. [Distribution map].

1961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Circulifer Tenellus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
South West Africa ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Circulifer tenellus (Baker) (Homopt., Cicadellidae) (Beet Leaf hopper) Hosts: Sugar-beet, tomato, cucurbits, spinach and a wide range of wild plants. Vector of curly top of beet in North America. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Sicily, Spain, ASIA, Israel, AFRICA, Algeria, Canary Islands, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Republic of South Africa, South-West Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, AUSTRALASIA and PACIFIC ISLANDS, Hawaii, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, U.S.A., CENTRAL AMERICA and WEST INDIES, West Indies.

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