scholarly journals Prediction of Early Season Beet Leafhopper Populations in Southern New Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Erik Lehnhoff ◽  
Rebecca Creamer
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Beet Leafhopper ◽  
Beet Curly Top Virus ◽  
Circulifer Tenellus ◽  
Sisymbrium Irio ◽  
The Relationship

Curly top is an important widespread disease in semiarid regions that can be caused by several Curtovirus and Becurtovirus species. The strains of beet curly top virus (BCTV) have been some of the most widely reported to be associated with curly top. The viruses causing curly top are phloem limited and transmitted by the beet leafhopper (BLH), Circulifer tenellus Baker (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). The BLH can also transmit other important pathogens such as phytoplasmas. Both the virus and insect vector have a broad host range of crops and weeds, including the winter annual weed London rocket (Sisymbrium irio L.). Prior prediction of disease would allow growers a window of opportunity to make informed management choices. A prediction model of BLH abundance was developed for southern New Mexico based on fall precipitation, which corresponds with London rocket emergence, and BLH sticky trap catch data for 2001 to 2018. Regression analyses showed positive associations between BLH numbers and October + November rainfall (P < 0.001) for two areas within southern New Mexico. A third area, where good weed management was used, had lower BLH numbers, and the relationship with precipitation was not significant (P = 0.190). Cumulative-season BLH abundance was correlated with BLH abundance in late April (r = 0.43) and late May (r = 0.56), indicating that early season knowledge of BLH abundance is useful for planning later season management. Although models based on October + November precipitation are good predictors of BLH abundance through June, they may not predict year-long BLH abundance because other environmental and biological factors contribute to subsequent BLH success and movement.

Planting date affects phenology of London rocket (Sisymbrium irio) and interaction with beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus)

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarren Ray ◽  
Jill Schroeder ◽  
Rebecca Creamer ◽  
Leigh Murray
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Beet Leafhopper ◽  
Beet Curly Top Virus ◽  
Circulifer Tenellus ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Sisymbrium Irio ◽  
The Impact

London rocket is a common winter annual weed in southern New Mexico that can host beet curly top virus and its insect vector, the beet leafhopper. Experiments were conducted in southern New Mexico to determine if London rocket could serve as a host for overwintering beet leafhopper. Field experiments were carried out from 2002 to 2003 and from 2003 to 2004 to compare the impact of three London rocket planting dates on plant emergence and life history and leafhopper survival. Emergence was highest in October-planted London rocket, low in January/February plantings, and did not occur for August plantings. The life cycle was 185 d and 125 d for October- and January-planted London rocket, respectively, and growth of the plant (including height and rosette base diameter) was greater for London rocket that was planted in October. October-planted London rocket survived from late October through mid to late April, the period of time needed to serve as an overwintering host for beet leafhoppers. Caging the plants to assess beet leafhopper survival did not affect rate of plant growth, but it reduced the time to flowering for October-planted London rocket and increased the height and weight of plants. Beet leafhoppers were able to survive for approximately 2 mo in early winter or spring on caged London rocket plants.

scholarly journals Systemic Insecticides and Plant Age Affect Beet Curly Top Virus Transmission to Selected Host Plants

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heping Wang ◽  
P. de A. Gurusinghe ◽  
Bryce W. Falk
Keyword(s):  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Beet Leafhopper ◽  
Beet Curly Top Virus ◽  
Circulifer Tenellus ◽  
Systemic Insecticides

Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to assess the effects of systemic insecticides and plant age on beet curly top virus (BCTV) transmission to sugar beet, tomato, pepper, melon, and cowpea. Sugar beets were the most susceptible to BCTV infection. For all BCTV-susceptible plants tested, younger plants showed greater susceptibility to infection than did older plants, even when inoculations were delayed by only 1 week. Systemic insecticides applied to test plants resulted in increased beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus) mortality and decreased the percent BCTV transmission. Soil treatment with imidacloprid (250 g a.i./ha) gave significantly better reductions in BCTV transmission than did dimethoate foliar sprays (280 g a.i./ha). These data suggest that the use of specific systemic insecticides only when crop plants are most susceptible to BCTV infection could be an effective alternative component of the curly top disease control program.

scholarly journals Characterization of Beet curly top virus Strains Circulating in Beet Leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Northeastern Oregon

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 1586-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia I. Rondon ◽  
Mary Sue Roster ◽  
Launa L. Hamlin ◽  
Kelsie J. Green ◽  
Alexander V. Karasev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Beet Leafhopper ◽  
Beet Curly Top Virus ◽  
Circulifer Tenellus ◽  
Virus Incidence ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Virus Genomes ◽  
Virus Strains

The beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus, is an agriculturally important pest, particularly in the western United States. This insect transmits the Beet curly top virus (BCTV) to multiple crops, including bean, tomato, and pepper. In this study, we investigated the incidence of BCTV in individual leafhoppers collected at several sites in northeastern Oregon during the growing season in 2007, 2008, and 2009. Of the 800 insects tested, 151 (18.9%) were found positive for the virus. Percentage of virus incidence varied from 0% at one location in 2009 to a high of 55.6% for a location sampled in 2008. The complete virus genomes from one virus-positive insect collected in each of the 3 years were determined. BLAST analysis of the BCTV whole-genome sequences from 2007, 2008, and 2009 insects showed 98, 94, and 96% identities with the BCTV-Worland sequence (AY134867), respectively. The BCTV_2008 sequence showed the greatest identity (96%) with another BCTV genomic sequence (JN817383), and was found to be a recombinant between the BCTV-Worland type, representing the majority of the genome (approximately 2.2 kb), and the BCTV-CFH type that provided an approximately 0.8-kb fragment spanning replication-related genes C1 and C2. This area of the BCTV genome, between the C1 and C2 genes, was previously found to carry symptom determinants of the virus, and the data may suggest more severe effects of BCTV during the 2008 season. Results indicate that BCTV is common and widespread in C. tenellus in eastern Oregon and that there is substantial genetic diversity among the virus strains present in this important field and vegetable crop-growing region.

Comparison of the Feeding Behavior and Genetics of Beet Leafhopper,Circulifer tenellus,Populations from California and New Mexico

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrinae Hudson ◽  
David B. Richman ◽  
Ismael Escobar ◽  
Rebecca Creamer
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Beet Leafhopper ◽  
Circulifer Tenellus

Spiroplasma citri. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Spiroplasma Citri ◽  
Beet Leafhopper ◽  
Circulifer Tenellus ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Sweet Lime ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Sisymbrium Irio

Abstract A description is provided for Spiroplasma citri. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: There are many natural hosts in the Rutaceae, including Citrus aurantifolia (sweet lime), C. aurantium (sour orange), C. clementina (clementine), C. jambhiri (rough lemon), C. limon (lemon), C. madurensis (syn. C. mitts, calamondin), C. maxima (syn. C. grandis, pummelo), C. paradisi (grapefruit), C. paradisi × C. reticulata (tangelo), C. sinensis (sweet orange), C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata (citrange), C. unshiu (satsuma) and Fortunella spp. (kumquats). Non-rutaceous natural hosts include Armoracia rusticana, Barbarea vulgaris, Brassica geniculata, B. kaber, B. nigra, B. oleracea var. botrytis, B. oleracea var. capitata, B. oleracea var. gemmifera, B. rapa, B. tournefortii, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Catharanthus roseus, Digitalis purpurea, Plantago ovata, Prunus avium, P. persica, Pyrus communis, Raphanus sativus, Sedum praealtum, Sisymbrium irio, S. orientale, Tagetes erecta, Viola cornuta, Zinnia elegans (63, 3239; 62, 2777; 59, 3154). A wide variety of plants has been infected artificially by transmission from inoculated leafhoppers. Symptoms are milder under cool conditions. Under warm conditions only Citrus spp. and hybrids survive infection more than a few months (59, 3154). DISEASE: Citrus stubborn or 'little leaf'. Affected trees are slightly to severely stunted and give low yields. Leaves are shorter, broader, upturned at the edges and may be mottled or chlorotic. Internodes of twigs are shorter and multiple axillary buds are produced. Fruits may be small, lopsided or acorn-shaped, caused by formation of very thin smooth rind at the blossom end. In horseradish, infection causes brittle root disease, in which leaves are stunted, chlorotic or necrotic and roots show a darkened ring of phloem (61, 2596). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Present in many citrus growing areas. Reports include: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Madagascar, Morocco, Tunisia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Corsica, Cyprus, Greece, Sardinia, Sicily, Mexico, United States (AR, CA), Argentina (Tucuman), Brazil (Sao Paulo), Peru, Surinam (IMl Distribution Map 375, ed. 2, 1970; 49, 1876b; 50, 1228a; 51, 1253b, 3247; 56, 5056; 63, 1797; 68, 367). TRANSMISSION: The insect vectors are leafhoppers and the following have been shown to transmit the disease: Neoaliturus tenellus[Circulifer tenellus] (sugar beet leafhopper), N. haematoceps (N. opacipennis), Scaphytopius nitridus and S. delongi. The disease is also spread in budwood, although not very consistently (68, 367).

scholarly journals Relationship between Relative Maturity and Grain Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids in Northwest New Mexico for the 2003–2019 Period

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Koffi Djaman ◽  
Curtis Owen ◽  
Margaret M. West ◽  
Samuel Allen ◽  
Komlan Koudahe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Climate Conditions

The highly variable weather under changing climate conditions affects the establishment and the cutoff of crop growing season and exposes crops to failure if producers choose non-adapted relative maturity that matches the characteristics of the crop growing season. This study aimed to determine the relationship between maize hybrid relative maturity and the grain yield and determine the relative maturity range that will sustain maize production in northwest New Mexico (NM). Different relative maturity maize hybrids were grown at the Agricultural Science Center at Farmington ((Latitude 36.69° North, Longitude 108.31° West, elevation 1720 m) from 2003 to 2019 under sprinkler irrigation. A total of 343 hybrids were grouped as early and full season hybrids according to their relative maturity that ranged from 93 to 119 and 64 hybrids with unknown relative maturity. The crops were grown under optimal management condition with no stress of any kind. The results showed non-significant increase in grain yield in early season hybrids and non-significant decrease in grain yield with relative maturity in full season hybrids. The relative maturity range of 100–110 obtained reasonable high grain yields and could be considered under the northwestern New Mexico climatic conditions. However, more research should target the evaluation of different planting date coupled with plant population density to determine the planting window for the early season and full season hybrids for the production optimization and sustainability.

Some notes on the relationship of plant viruses with vector and non-vector insects

Parasitology ◽  
1941 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Feeding Methods ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Extracts of caterpillars and other insects are shown to inhibit the infective power of tobacco mosaic and tobacco necrosis viruses. The inhibitor is not sedimented after spinning for 2½ hr. at 30,000 r.p.m. Experiments with non-vector insects such as caterpillars have shown that the virus of sugar-beet curly-top, of tobacco ringspot and other viruses, are destroyed within the body of the insect. On the other hand, tobacco mosaic virus passes through the body of the caterpillar unchanged though greatly reduced in concentration. By the use of the specific insect vector and artificial feeding methods it was possible to recover the virus of curly-top 24 hr. after it had been injected into the blood of the caterpillar but the viruses of tobacco mosaic and tobacco necrosis could not be so recovered. Experimental evidence is given to show that the virus of beet curly-top is present in the saliva of viruliferous insects.

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