scholarly journals Fluorine Mass Balance and Suspect Screening in Marine Mammals from the Northern Hemisphere

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyra Spaan ◽  
Carmen van Noordenburg ◽  
Merle Plassmann ◽  
Lara Schultes ◽  
Susan D. Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Suspect Screening ◽  
Targeted Analysis ◽  
The Us ◽  
Polyfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
Fluorine Determination ◽  
Us West

There is increasing evidence that the ~20 routinely monitored per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) account for only a fraction of extractable organofluorine (EOF) occurring in the environment. To assess whether PFAS exposure is being underestimated in marine mammals from the Northern Hemisphere, we performed a fluorine mass balance on liver tissues from 11 different species using a combination of targeted PFAS analysis, EOF and total fluorine determination, and suspect screening. Samples were obtained from the east coast United States (US), west and east coast of Greenland, Iceland, and Sweden from 2000-2017. Of the 36 target PFASs, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) dominated in all but one Icelandic and three US samples, where the 7:3 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid (7:3 FTCA) was prevalent. This is the first report of 7:3 FTCA in polar bears (~1000 ng/g, ww) and cetaceans (<6-190 ng/g, ww). In 18 out of 25 samples, EOF was not significantly greater than fluorine concentrations derived from sum target PFASs. For the remaining 7 samples (mostly from the US east coast), 30-75% of the EOF was unidentified. Suspect screening revealed an additional 33 PFASs (not included in the targeted analysis) bringing the total to 59 detected PFASs from 12 different classes. Overall, these results highlight the importance of a multi-platform approach for accurately characterizing PFAS exposure in marine mammals.

scholarly journals Fluorine Mass Balance and Suspect Screening in Marine Mammals from the Northern Hemisphere

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyra Spaan ◽  
Carmen van Noordenburg ◽  
Merle Plassmann ◽  
Lara Schultes ◽  
Susan D. Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Suspect Screening ◽  
Targeted Analysis ◽  
The Us ◽  
Polyfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
Fluorine Determination ◽  
Us West

There is increasing evidence that the ~20 routinely monitored per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) account for only a fraction of extractable organofluorine (EOF) occurring in the environment. To assess whether PFAS exposure is being underestimated in marine mammals from the Northern Hemisphere, we performed a fluorine mass balance on liver tissues from 11 different species using a combination of targeted PFAS analysis, EOF and total fluorine determination, and suspect screening. Samples were obtained from the east coast United States (US), west and east coast of Greenland, Iceland, and Sweden from 2000-2017. Of the 36 target PFASs, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) dominated in all but one Icelandic and three US samples, where the 7:3 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid (7:3 FTCA) was prevalent. This is the first report of 7:3 FTCA in polar bears (~1000 ng/g, ww) and cetaceans (<6-190 ng/g, ww). In 18 out of 25 samples, EOF was not significantly greater than fluorine concentrations derived from sum target PFASs. For the remaining 7 samples (mostly from the US east coast), 30-75% of the EOF was unidentified. Suspect screening revealed an additional 33 PFASs (not included in the targeted analysis) bringing the total to 59 detected PFASs from 12 different classes. Overall, these results highlight the importance of a multi-platform approach for accurately characterizing PFAS exposure in marine mammals.

scholarly journals Fluorine Mass Balance and Suspect Screening in Marine Mammals from the Northern Hemisphere

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 4046-4058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyra M. Spaan ◽  
Carmen van Noordenburg ◽  
Merle M. Plassmann ◽  
Lara Schultes ◽  
Susan Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Suspect Screening

scholarly journals Correction to Fluorine Mass Balance and Suspect Screening in Marine Mammals from the Northern Hemisphere

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyra M. Spaan ◽  
Carmen van Noordenburg ◽  
Merle M. Plassmann ◽  
Lara Schultes ◽  
Susan Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Suspect Screening

scholarly journals A Computational Model for Estimating the Progression of COVID-19 Cases in the US West and East Coast Population Regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao-Yu Yeo ◽  
Yao-Rui Yeo ◽  
Wan-Jin Yeo
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Functional Testing ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
The Us ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Us West

AbstractThe ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is of global concern and has recently emerged in the US. In this paper, we construct a stochastic variant of the SEIR model to estimate a quasi-worst-case scenario prediction of the COVID-19 outbreak in the US West and East Coast population regions by considering the different phases of response implemented by the US as well as transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in countries that were most affected. The model is then fitted to current data and implemented using Runge-Kutta methods. Our computation results predict that the number of new cases would peak around mid-April 2020 and begin to abate by July provided that appropriate COVID-19 measures are promptly implemented and followed, and that the number of cases of COVID-19 might be significantly mitigated by having greater numbers of functional testing kits available for screening. The model is also sensitive to assigned parameter values and reflects the importance of healthcare preparedness during pandemics.

The Great Influenza

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel K. Cohn, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
East Coast ◽  
World History ◽  
Collective Violence ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Surgeon General ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of Disease ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

This chapter examines evidence principally from the US that the Great Influenza provoked profiteering by landlords, undertakers, vendors of fruit, pharmacists, and doctors, but shows that such complaints were rare and confined mostly to large cities on the East Coast. It then investigates anti-social advice and repressive decrees on the part of municipalities, backed by advice from the US Surgeon General and prominent physicians attacking ‘spitters, coughers, and sneezers’, which included state and municipal ordinances against kissing and even ‘big talkers’. It then surveys legislation on compulsory and recommended mask wearing. Yet this chapter finds no protest or collective violence against the diseased victims or any other ‘others’ suspected of disseminating the virus. Despite physicians’ and lawmakers’ encouragement of anti-social behaviour, mass volunteerism and abnegation instead unfolded to an extent never before witnessed in the world history of disease.

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