A Self-Trapping, Bipolar Viologen Bromide Electrolyte for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) have become increasing attractive for scalable energy storage. However, it remains challenging to develop high voltage, powerful AORFBs because of the lack of catholytes with high redox potential. Herein, we report methyl viologen dibromide ([MV]Br2) as a facile self-trapping, bipolar redox electrolyte material for pH neutral redox flow battery applications. The formation of the [MV](Br3)2 complex was computationally predicted and experimentally confirmed. The low solubility [MV](Br3)2 complex in the catholyte during the battery charge process not only mitigates the crossover of charged tribromide species (Br3-) and addresses the toxicity concern of volatile bromine simultaneously. A 1.53 V bipolar MV/Br AORFB delivered outstanding battery performance at pH neutral conditions, specifically, 100% total capacity retention, 133 mW/cm2 power density, and 60% energy efficiency at 40 mA/cm2.

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A Self-Trapping, Bipolar Viologen Bromide Electrolyte for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

10.26434/chemrxiv.12443654.v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

wenda wu ◽

Jian Luo ◽

Fang Wang ◽

Bing Yuan ◽

Tianbiao Liu

Keyword(s):

Redox Flow Battery ◽

Capacity Retention ◽

Redox Flow Batteries ◽

Redox Electrolyte ◽

Charge Process ◽

Self Trapping ◽

Flow Batteries ◽

Total Capacity ◽

Neutral Conditions ◽

Low Solubility

Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) have become increasing attractive for scalable energy storage. However, it remains challenging to develop high voltage, powerful AORFBs because of the lack of catholytes with high redox potential. Herein, we report methyl viologen dibromide ([MV]Br2) as a facile self-trapping, bipolar redox electrolyte material for pH neutral redox flow battery applications. The formation of the [MV](Br3)2 complex was computationally predicted and experimentally confirmed. The low solubility [MV](Br3)2 complex in the catholyte during the battery charge process not only mitigates the crossover of charged tribromide species (Br3-) and addresses the toxicity concern of volatile bromine simultaneously. A 1.53 V bipolar MV/Br AORFB delivered outstanding battery performance at pH neutral conditions, specifically, 100% total capacity retention, 133 mW/cm2 power density, and 60% energy efficiency at 40 mA/cm2.

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Improved radical stability of viologen anolytes in aqueous organic redox flow batteries

Chemical Communications ◽

10.1039/c8cc02336k ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 54 (50) ◽

pp. 6871-6874 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Bo Hu ◽

Yijie Tang ◽

Jian Luo ◽

Grant Grove ◽

Yisong Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Power Density ◽

Redox Flow Battery ◽

Flow Battery ◽

Capacity Retention ◽

Redox Flow Batteries ◽

Flow Batteries

A 1.38 V aqueous organic redox flow battery demonstrated 97.48% capacity retention for 500 cycles and 128 mW cm−2 power density.

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Synthesis and investigation of imidazolium functionalized poly(arylene ether sulfone)s as anion exchange membranes for all-vanadium redox flow batteries

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c5ra25372a ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (8) ◽

pp. 6029-6037 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Di Lu ◽

Lele Wen ◽

Feng Nie ◽

Lixin Xue

Keyword(s):

Anion Exchange ◽

Vanadium Redox Flow Battery ◽

Anion Exchange Membranes ◽

Redox Flow Battery ◽

Flow Battery ◽

Redox Flow Batteries ◽

Arylene Ether ◽

Flow Batteries ◽

Vanadium Redox

A serials of imidazolium functionalized poly(arylene ether sulfone) as anion exchange membranes (AEMs) for all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) application are synthesized successfully in this study.

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Electrochemical Studies on Alizarin Red S as Negolyte for Redox Flow Battery: a Preliminary Study

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.22764 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4.35) ◽

pp. 375

Author(s):

C. Khor ◽

M. R. Mohamed ◽

C. K. Feng ◽

P. K. Leung

Keyword(s):

Diffusion Coefficient ◽

Negative Electrode ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Alizarin Red S ◽

Fast Diffusion ◽

Redox Flow Battery ◽

Flow Battery ◽

Alizarin Red ◽

Redox Flow Batteries ◽

Flow Batteries

Redox flow battery (RFB) has received tremendous attention as energy storage system coupled with renewable energy sources. In this paper, a low-cost alizarin red S (ARS) organic dye is proposed to serve as the active material for the negative electrode reaction for organic redox flow batteries. Cyclic voltammetry has been conducted under a number of operating conditions to reveal the electrochemical performance of this molecule. The results suggest that ARS is highly reversible at low electrode potential (c.a. 0.082 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode), indicating that ARS is a promising negative electrode material for organic redox flow batteries. The diffusion coefficient of ARS is calculated in the range of 6.424 x 10-4 cm2 s-1, This has indicated fast diffusion rate and electrochemical kinetics for oxidation and reduction in higher concentration of ARS. It has been found out that the higher concentration of ARS in base electrolyte cause lowest diffusion coefficient due to solubility issue of ARS.

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Pump-less, free-convection-driven redox flow batteries: Modelling, simulation, and experimental demonstration for the soluble lead redox flow battery

Journal of Power Sources ◽

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.227918 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 454 ◽

pp. 227918

Author(s):

Mahendra N. Nandanwar ◽

Kottu Santosh Kumar ◽

S.S. Srinivas ◽

D.M. Dinesh

Keyword(s):

Free Convection ◽

Redox Flow Battery ◽

Experimental Demonstration ◽

Flow Battery ◽

Redox Flow Batteries ◽

Flow Batteries ◽

Modelling Simulation

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Functionalised carbazole as a cathode for high voltage non-aqueous organic redox flow batteries

New Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d0nj02543g ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (34) ◽

pp. 14401-14410

Author(s):

Chinmaya R. Mirle ◽

Raja M. ◽

Vasudevarao P. ◽

Sankararaman S. ◽

Kothandaraman R.

Keyword(s):

High Voltage ◽

Cathode Materials ◽

Reduction Potential ◽

Redox Flow Battery ◽

Flow Battery ◽

Redox Flow Batteries ◽

Flow Batteries ◽

High Reduction

Prospective high reduction potential cathode materials have been proposed that can be used in non-aqueous redox flow battery applications.

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An Energy Dense, Robust, Powerful Bipolar Zinc-Ferrocene Redox Flow Battery

10.1149/osf.io/hv852 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jian Luo ◽

Bo Hu ◽

Wenda Wu ◽

Maowei Hu ◽

Leo Liu

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Energy Density ◽

Low Cost ◽

High Energy ◽

High Energy Density ◽

Redox Flow Battery ◽

Power Performance ◽

Flow Battery ◽

Redox Flow Batteries ◽

Flow Batteries

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) have been recognized as a promising option for scalable and dispatchable renewable energy storage (e.g. solar and wind energy). Zinc metal represents a low cost, high capacity anode material to develop high energy density aqueous redox flow batteries. However, the energy storage applications of traditional inorganic Zn halide flow batteries are primarily plagued by the material challenges of traditional halide cathode electrolytes (e.g. bromine) including corrosion, toxicity, and severe crossover. As reported here, we have developed a bipolar Zinc-ferrocene salt compound, Zinc 1,1’-bis(3-sulfonatopropyl)ferrocene, Zn[Fc(SPr)2] (1.80 M solubility or 48.2 Ah/L charge storage capacity) – a robust, energy-dense, bipolar redox-active electrolyte material for high performance Zn organic RFBs. Using a low-cost porous Daramic membrane, the Zn[Fc(SPr)2] aqueous organic redox flow battery (AORFB) has worked in dual-flow and single-flow modes. It has manifested outstanding current, energy, and power performance, specifically, operating at high current densities of up to 200 mA/cm2 and delivering an energy efficiency of up to 81.5% and a power density of up to 270.5 mW/cm2. A Zn[Fc(SPr)2] AORFB demonstrated an energy density of 20.2 Wh/L and displayed 100% capacity retention for 2000 cycles (1284 hr or 53.5 days). The Zn[Fc(SPr)2] ionic bipolar electrolyte not only offers record-setting, highly-stable, energy-dense, and the most powerful Zn-organic AORFBs to date, but it also provides a new paradigm to develop even more advanced redox materials for scalable energy storage.

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Segmented Printed Circuit Board Electrode for Locally-resolved Current Density Measurements in All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

Batteries ◽

10.3390/batteries5020038 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 38 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gerber ◽

Fischer ◽

Pinkwart ◽

Tübke

Keyword(s):

Current Density ◽

Printed Circuit Board ◽

Current Density Distribution ◽

Circuit Board ◽

Redox Flow Battery ◽

Flow Battery ◽

Printed Circuit ◽

Redox Flow Batteries ◽

Flow Batteries ◽

Vanadium Redox

One of the most important parameters for the design of redox flow batteries is a uniform distribution of the electrolyte solution over the complete electrode area. The performance of redox flow batteries is usually investigated by general measurements of the cell in systematic experimental studies such as galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling. Local inhomogeneity within the electrode cannot be locally-resolved. In this study a printed circuit board (PCB) with a segmented current collector was integrated into a 40 cm2 all-vanadium redox flow battery to analyze the locally-resolved current density distribution of the graphite felt electrode. Current density distribution during charging and discharging of the redox flow battery indicated different limiting influences. The local current density in redox flow batteries mainly depends on the transport of the electrolyte solution. Due to this correlation, the electrolyte flow in the porous electrode can be visualized. A PCB electrode can easily be integrated into the flow battery and can be scaled to nearly any size of the electrode area. The carbon coating of the PCB enables direct contact to the corrosive electrolyte, whereby the sensitivity of the measurement method is increased compared to state-of-the-art methods.

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