scholarly journals Pleiotropic features of dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonists

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-83
Author(s):  
G S Anikin
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channels ◽  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Calcium Channel Antagonists ◽  
Lipophilic Compound

It is hard to imagine modern medicine without safe drugs (D). Often, adverse drug reactions (ADR) are the reason for drug with drawal, which is quite effective as a whole. The main dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonists (DCCA) ADR are the edema of shin and tachycardia, causing this drug with drawal. Lercanidipine is aquite new member of this class; it is a highly lipophilic compound, which blocking the influx of calcium ions through L-type calcium channels, by maintaining the high intramembrane concentration. This review provides the data on the efficacy and safety of lercanidipine and its pleiotropic features.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of selamectin of flea infestation in dags

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
S. SOTIRAKI (Σ. ΣΩΤΗΡΑΚΗ) ◽  
C. HIMONAS (Χ. ΧΕΙΜΩΝΑΣ) ◽  
P. DEBOUCK ◽  
G. BITSAS (Γ. ΜΠΙΤΖΑΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Flea Infestation ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Monthly Dose ◽  
Adult Flea

The study was conducted at three dog shekers in Thessaloniki Greece, το confirm die efficacy and safety of selamectin aτ a minimum dosage of 6 mg/kg adminisτered topically as a monthly dose repeaτed three times in die treatment of natural i n f l a t i o n s of Ctenocephalides spp. Twenty (20) dogs, with confirmed naturally acquired flea inflations, were enrolled in die sttidy as primary patiems. All animals completed the study on day 90. Twenty-two in cornai dogs were also treated but not evaluated for efficacy (secondary patiems). There was no untreated group. Only one live adult flea was recovered on only one animal on study day 30, a reduction of die geomettical mean of 99.7 % (p < 0.0001) compared to the sτarτ of die study. Dead fleas were found on 3 animals aτ day 30 (1 or 2 per animal). No live or dead fleas were found on day 60 or on day 90. Ατ sttidy beginning on Day 0, seventy percem of sttidy animals had various clinical signs of flea inflation. These signs gradually decreased and by die end of die sttidy on day 90, only one animal remained widi a score of 1, indicating a low imensity in a single area of die body. All odier animals were free of clinical signs. No abnormal clinical signs or suspend adverse drug reactions were observed after treatment of die 20 primary or die 22 secondary patiems. The daτa collected confirm that under field conditions diree consecutive mondily doses of selamectin are highly effective and safe in die treatment and comrol of fleas in dogs.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of efficacy and safety of methotrexate either alone or in combination with hydroxychloroquine in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1996
Author(s):  
Amanjot Kaur ◽  
Shakti B. Dutta ◽  
Amandeep Singh ◽  
Amit Varma ◽  
Mirza A. Beg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease and Methotrexate being widely used as monotherapy and in combination for the treatment of RA. Combination therapy provides additional or even more potentiating effects, therefore have been widely used. This study is aimed at comparing the efficacy and safety of Methotrexate either alone or in combination.Methods: This study was conducted for one year from 1st January to 31st December 2015. 52 patients diagnosed with RA were included in this study and were divided in two groups, Group-1 (n=29) patients received methotrexate (MTX) 7.5-15mg/week and Group-2 (n=23) patients received methotrexate 7.5mg once a week + Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) 200mg twice daily. The patients were followed up for a period of 16 weeks. Statistical analysis was done by using graph pad insta and p value of <0.05 was considered significant.Results: A total of 52 patients were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 50.53±14.81 years. 43 (82.69%) patients were females and 9 (17.30%) were males. 23 (44.23%) patients had positive family history of the disease. The Rheumatoid factor was positive in 42 (80.70%) and anti-CCP was raised in 50 (96.15%) patients. The RAPID-3 and DAS-28 scores on intragroup comparison was highly significant (p <0.0001) and the intergroup comparison was significant (p <0.01) between baseline and 16 weeks in both the groups. The improvement in inflammatory marker CRP was highly significant on intragroup (p <0.0001) and intergroup (p<0.001) comparison between baseline and 16 weeks in both the groups. The mean changes in Vitamin-D3 between baseline and at 16 weeks were insignificant (p >0.05) in both the groups. Total of Adverse drug reactions reported were 42 (50.60%) in group-1 and 41 (49.40%) in group-2.Conclusions: The combination therapy was found to be more efficacious than MTX monotherapy in improving symptoms and quality of life. The adverse drug reactions were mild, more in combination therapy and none of the patients required withdrawal of treatment.

scholarly journals Adverse drug reactions of antihypertensive agents at tertiary care hospital in central Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabita Paudel ◽  
M Sudarsana Chetty ◽  
Shankar Laudari ◽  
Nuwadatta Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Calcium Channel Blockers ◽  
Antihypertensive Agents ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Adrenergic Antagonist

Background & Objectives: Acute Hypertension is the most common condition seen in primary care and leads to myocardial infarction, stroke, renal failure, and death if not detected early and treated appropriately.  The study was conducted with the objective to examine the incidence of different types of adverse drug reactions in drug treated hypertensive patients.Materials & Methods: Patients (n=382) who received antihypertensive agents were selected and interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. The Naranjo Algorithm, which categorizes the causality relationship into definite, probable, possible and doubtful, was used for the assessment of the exact nature of Adverse drug reaction (ADR).Results: Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) were the drug class with highest number (22 or  32.84%)  of ADRs followed by Angiotensin-converting enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI) in 17 (25.38%), Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB) in 12 (17.91%), diuretics in 10 (14.92%) and beta adrenergic antagonist in six (8.95%). Cardiovascular system (40 or 59.70%) was the most affected followed by central nervous system (16 or 23.88%) and respiratory and dermatological system each in 11 (16.42%) cases. On Naranjo’s probability scale, nine (13.4%) of the ADRs were definite, 39 (58.2%) possible, 16 (23.9%) probable and three (4.5%) doubtful.      Conclusion: Calcium channel blockers were mostly associated with ADRs while Cardiovascular system was the most frequently affected. 

scholarly journals Charms & Harms: Noni

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Felicity Goodyear-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Pharmaceutical Quality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Suspected Adverse Drug Reactions

SUMMARY MESSAGE: Evidence for the efficacy of noni for the wide range of medicinal purposes for which it may be used is not available. Health professionals should be aware of the possibility of (undisclosed) use of noni and its use should be avoided, or at least used only with caution, in patients on warfarin. Suspected adverse drug reactions should be reported to CARM. As with all herbal medicines, different noni products vary in their pharmaceutical quality, and the implications of this for efficacy and safety should be considered.

Comparative Study of Incadronate and Elcatonin in Patients with Malignancy-Associated Hypercalcaemia

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Matsumoto ◽  
N Nagata ◽  
N Horikoshi ◽  
I Adachi ◽  
Y Ohashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Clinical Usefulness ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Intramuscular Injections ◽  
Disturbance Of Consciousness

The clinical usefulness of incadronate was compared with elcatonin in 26 patients with malignancy-associated hypercalcaemia. Data from 21 and 24 patients could be used to assess efficacy and safety, respectively. Eleven patients were given a single 10-mg intravenous infusion of incadronate and 10 received twice-daily intramuscular injections of 40 IU of elcatonin for 7 consecutive days. After treatment, corrected serum calcium levels decreased significantly in both groups. The anti-hypercalcaemic effect of elcatonin was characterized by its rapid onset, with serum calcium levels reduced 1 day after administration. In contrast, the anti-hypercalcaemic effect of incadronate was more sustained but only became apparent a few days after infusion. Evaluation of symptoms revealed significantly greater improvement rates in the incadronate group compared with the elcatonin group. Adverse drug reactions were observed in three patients in the incadronate group, i.e. mild and transient fever in two cases and exacerbation of disturbance of consciousness in one case. These findings suggest that incadronate produces more marked and sustained hypocalcaemic effects than elcatonin, and that co-administration of these two drugs may yield both rapid and sustained control of malignancy-associated hypercalcaemia.

Dependency of hypoxic chemotransduction in cat carotid body on voltage-gated calcium channels

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 1062-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shirahata ◽  
R. S. Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channels ◽  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Carotid Body ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Extracellular Calcium ◽  
Bay K 8644 ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
Voltage Gated Calcium Channels ◽  
Selective Perfusion

The hypothesis that the entry of extracellular calcium ions into some compartment, quite possibly the type I cells, through voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) is essential for hypoxic chemotransduction in the cat carotid body was tested using an in situ perfusion technique. The neural output of the carotid body of anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated cats in response to perfusions with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution (KRB), calcium-free KRB, KRB containing calcium channel blockers, or KRB containing BAY K 8644 was recorded. Selective perfusion of the carotid body with hypoxic calcium-free KRB significantly decreased carotid chemoreceptor activity, suggesting that extracellular calcium is essential for hypoxic chemotransduction. Selective perfusion of the carotid body with hypoxic KRB containing verapamil (10–100 microM), diltiazem (10–100 microM), or nifedipine (10–100 microM) dose dependently attenuated the increase in chemoreceptor activity produced by hypoxia, suggesting that VGCC need to be activated for hypoxic chemotransduction. The carotid body response to hyperoxic KRB containing the calcium channel agonist BAY K 8644 (10 microM) was 267 +/- 87% of hyperoxic control KRB, suggesting that an enhanced influx of calcium ions through VGCC stimulates carotid chemoreceptor activity. Selective perfusion of the carotid body with severely hypoxic KRB containing BAY K 8644 did not increase chemoreceptor activity above that produced by severe hypoxia alone. This suggests that severe hypoxia increases intracellular calcium in some compartment of the carotid body to achieve stimulatory maximum response and that further increase in intracellular calcium does not produce further elevation of neural activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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