scholarly journals Evaluation of the efficacy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Shahad D Ali ◽  
Taghreed F Zaidan ◽  
Mohammed A Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Malignant Lymph Nodes

Background: Cervical lymph nodes are prone to involved by a number of pathologic processes. They are common sites for lymphoma, metastasis, and reactive enlargement in a number of conditions. Aims of the study:-Clinical evaluation of patients with cervical lymphadenopathy. Differentiation between benign and malignant lymph nodes by means of ultra sounds (US) and Correlate the US findings with cytological and/or histopathological findings of cervical lymph nodes. Subjects, Materials and Methods:-The present study was carried out over a period of 6 months and included 81 patients of different age groups presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy. Each patient was examined clinically, then comprehensive sonographic examination of the neck for cervical lymph nodes (L.Ns) was performed using ultrasound machine (GE Wipro Proseries). The scanning was performed with the patient in the supine position, and with the neck hyperextended using a pad or pillow under the shoulders in order to provide optimum exposure of the neck. The parameters considered in this study include: site, long axis (L), short axis (S), shape index (S/L), echotexture, margins, ancillary features like calcification, necrosis, matting and surrounding tissue changes. These findings were correlated with fine-needle aspiration cytology, core and excisional biopsy. The nodes were classified as benign (reactive) and malignant (lymphomatous and metastatic). Results: The age of patients ranged from five to seventy five years, they were 45 male and 36 females, there was association between family history and development of malignant lesions. Regarding clinical evaluation, and according to consistency, (13) hard L.Ns were malignant and (1) was benign, (27) rubbery L.Ns were malignant and 40 soft L.Ns were benign. According to fixation to underlying structure, forty one L.Ns were fixed, (40) were malignant and (1) was benign. Forty L. Ns were not fixed, on histopathological evaluation all were benign. On US, the results showed that malignant lymph nodes are mostly appeared as round shape, homogenous echotexture, nodal shape (S/L ratio) accurate for differentiating benign from malignant lymph nodes. Most of the malignant nodes had well-defined borders. Calcifications, necrosis, matting, were characteristically found in benign lymph node. A combined ultrasound-guided and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) diagnosis had a high accuracy as compared with situations in which they were used alone. Conclusions: Sonographic findings have a high accuracy in differentiating benign from malignant cervical lymph nodes. An ultrasound scan can be used as the first-line imaging tool in the diagnostic evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathy. Using gray scale features are particularly useful to identify the causes of cervical lymphadenopathy.

scholarly journals A Study of FNAC of Cervical Lymph Nodes

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Shakya ◽  
S Malla ◽  
KN Shakya ◽  
R Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Cervical Lymph Node ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology

Background: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a reliable and least expensive method suitable for developing countries like Nepal for the investigation of lymphadenopathy. Knowledge about the pattern of lymphadenopathy is useful in pathological reporting as well as in many clinical settings with diagnostic dilemma. This is a baseline study to investigate the pattern of cervical lymphadenopathy by lymph node FNAC in Nepalese population. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted by critically analyzing the case reports on cervical lymph node FNAC from three years' records (July 2005 to June 2008) at the National Public Health Laboratory, Teku, Kathmandu. Review of all cytological reports were done according to standard guidelines and the diagnosis was classified and correlated with patients' age and ethnicity to explore the pattern and association. Results: Of 508 cervical lymph node FNAC cases, 50.4% was reactive non-specific, 22.4% was tubercular, 4.8 % malignant, 10% chronic granulomatous and the remaining was acute suppurative (12.4%). Highest incidence of malignancy was seen in the fifth decade (50%). Whereas, tubercular lymphadenopathy was found with increasing frequency through childhood (10.5%) and adolescence (21.7%) to young adulthood (30.4%), probably indicative of waning immunity of BCG vaccination. Ethnic groups comprising of Tamang, Sherpa and Bhote had the highest incidence of malignant as well as tubercular lymphadenopathy. Conclusion: The relationship of malignant and tubercular lymphadenopthy with age and ethnicity deserves further study. Efforts at preventing tubercular and early diagnosing malignant lymphadenopathy and reducing morbidity in general will find great usefulness in such associations. Key words: Cervical Lymphadenopathy, Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology, Pattern   DOI: 10.3126/jnhrc.v7i1.2267 Journal of Nepal Health Research Council Vol. 7, No. 1, 2009 April 1-5

scholarly journals Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology: A Tool for Early Diagnosis of Cervical Lymph Node Lesions

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Anuj Poudel ◽  
S K Jain
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
General Physical Examination ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology

INTRODUCTION: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is reliable and safe test used as a first line for evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathy (CL). It could differentiate the infective process from neoplastic one and avoids unnecessary surgeries. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate on the role of FNAC in the diagnosis of CL.  MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Lumbini Medical College, from May 2013 to October 2013. Fifty seven patients with enlarged cervical lymph nodes were selected. All patients were evaluated through detailed history and general physical examination. All FNAC procedures and the specimens were examined in the department of pathology. SPSS Version16 was used for data analysis.  RESULTS: Out of fifty seven cases, 37 were males and 20 were females, among the diagnostic outcome, 38.6% were having Reactive Hyperplasia (RH), while 36.8%were having tubercular (TB) lesions and 17.6% were having secondary metastasis.  CONCLUSION: FNAC is a very simple yet accurate technique for early diagnosis of CL.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i4.12064Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2014) Vol.02 No.04 Issue 08Page : 29-32

scholarly journals Association of Ultrasonography and Ultrasound-guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1573-1578
Author(s):  
Binit Dev ◽  
Ajay Kumar Yadav ◽  
Sushil Taparia ◽  
Roshana Khadka ◽  
Shripad J Walavalkar
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Benign Nodules

Introduction: Ultrasound (USG) is the most commonly used imaging method to evaluate thyroid nodules. The sonographic features of thyroid nodules are very important to determine whether the nodule is benign or malignant. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is the gold standard to determine whether the nodule is benign or malignant. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare ultrasound and color Doppler features of thyroid nodules with ultrasound-guided FNAC results to determine the relative importance of these features in predicting the risk of malignancy. Methodology: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Birat medical college teaching hospital in Tankisinuwari, Morang, Nepal. The study was conducted from September 2019 to April 2021.  In total sixty-one patients with thyroid nodules were evaluated for sonographic characteristics. Finally, USG guided FNA for cytopathological examination was performed. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the result. Results: Out of the 61 patients, 34 (55.7%) were females and 27 (44.2%) were males. Majority of the malignant nodules were solid 11 (91.6%), whereas cystic and mixed nodules were predominantly seen in benign nodules 18 (36.7%) and 30 (61.2%) respectively. In malignant nodules 10 (83.3%) were heterogeneous and 2 (16.6%) were isoechoic. In benign nodules 29 (59.1%) were heterogeneous and 15 (30.6%) were anechoic with comet-tail artifact and 5 (10.2%) were isoechoic. Among 12 malignant cases, internal and peripheral vascularity were equally present in six cases each. Benign nodules showed peripheral vascularity in 48 (97.9%) and internal vascularity was noted in only one nodule. All of the malignant nodules showed calcification. None of the benign nodules showed micro-calcification. In malignant cases, cervical lymph nodes were present in 7 (58.3%) and absent in 5 (41.6%). In benign cases, cervical lymph nodes were present in 4 (8.1%) and absent in 45 (91.83%). Conclusion: The ultrasound features associated with malignancy in thyroid nodules are predominantly solid component, presence of micro-calcifications and internal vascularity. Enlarged cervical lymph nodes are good predictors for malignancy. USG guided FNAC confirms the suspicious features of thyroid nodules seen on USG.

scholarly journals Thyroglobulin in lymph node fine-needle aspiration biopsy washout fluid. A tertiary center experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Laura Deacu ◽  
◽  
Dan Alexandru Niculescu ◽  
Andra Caragheorgheopol ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Preoperative Staging ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
Pathology Reports

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer. Most PTC secretes thyroglobulin, a useful marker in monitoring preoperative staging and postoperative progression; in addition to serum thyroglobulin, fine needle aspiration washout thyroglobulin (FNA-Tg) is also used. Our aim was to determine the cut-off value for FNA-Tg in our center and to describe major discrepancies between FNA-Tg, cytology and pathology results of the lymph nodes. Methods: We retrospectively retrieved from the electronic database of our endocrinology center all the FNA-Tg measurements between December 10, 2019 and September 2021. For each measurement we also retrieved the corresponding sex, FNAB results and the pathology reports. FNA-Tg was measured by ECLIA immunoelectro-chemiluminescent method. Results: There were 58 FNAB and FNA-Tg of suspect cervical lymph nodes in 40 patients. There were 17 cytologically benign lymph nodes of which 13 had low and 4 had high FNA-Tg; 3 non-diagnostic cytology results of which one had high FNA-Tg; 38 PTC metastases of which 6 had low and 32 had high FNA-Tg titers. The cut-off value of FNA-Tg in our center is 10 ng/ml, with a sensitivity of 86.6% (in those with pathology reports available after surgery). Conclusions: Washout TG is useful in suspicious lymph nodes and has added value to cytology in selected cases. The cut-off value of FNA-Tg in our center is 10 ng/ml, with a sensitivity of 86.6%. However, we must consider the possible false negative results that may occur in some histological types of PTC.

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