scholarly journals 2012 Dahlberg Award Winner Dental morphological variation among six Pre-Hispanic South American populations with implications for the peopling of the New World

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 20-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
South American ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
State University ◽  
Arizona State University ◽  
Dental Anthropology ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
The Mean

The analysis of the human dentition pro-vides important information on the origins and dispersals of the first American inhabitants. However, most of this work has focused on North America, whereas less research has been devoted to variation within Central and South America. This study examines the permanent dentitions of 340 individuals from six pre-Hispanic South American populations and places them in the broader context of the peopling of the New World. Non-metric dental data were collected using the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS). Intra- and inter-regional comparisons were assessed using the Mean Measure of Divergence statistical program. All samples are characterized by relatively high frequencies of UM1 enamel extension and LM1 deflecting wrinkle and low frequencies of UM1 cusp 5 and LM2 Y-groove pattern. Although preliminary, results indicate that populations from Chile, Venezuela and Peru-Northern Coast are dentally similar and follow the Sinodont dental pattern. The Peru-Southern Highlands sample is the most divergent of the South American groups examined, showing the closest affinities with Sundadonts. Finally, no clear pattern was found for Bolivia and Peru-Amazonian Andes, as most of their trait frequencies fall within the range of overlap between Sinodont and Sundadont populations.

Readjustment of the Standard ASUDAS to Encompass Dental Morphological Variations in Plio-Pleistocene Hominins

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 32-48
Author(s):  
M. Louail ◽  
S. Prat
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
State University ◽  
Arizona State University ◽  
Dental Anthropology ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Fossil Hominins ◽  
Fossil Hominin

The standard ASUDAS scoring system (Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System) is used to assess dental morphological variations in modern humans. It is also frequently used to study, score, and compare morphological variations in fossil hominin taxa and to examine their phylogenetic relationships. However, using ASUDAS in studies of this type is under debate because it is based on modern Homo sapiens populations and does not appear to cover all variations observed in fossil Plio-Pleistocene homi- nins. Our observations and coding of 178 dentals casts of Plio-Pleistocene specimens based on ASUDAS and from the literature have confirmed the need to adapt the standard system to fossil hominins. In this initial study, we propose that the scoring procedures for some morphological characters need to be readjusted, while others could be standardized following the ASUDAS system.

scholarly journals Morphological characterization of permanent dentition of a group of Afrodescendants at Istmina (Chocó, Colombia)

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Pedro Asprilla ◽  
Kevin Franco ◽  
Jessica Morales ◽  
Freddy Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Dental Morphology ◽  
State University ◽  
Arizona State University ◽  
Dental Anthropology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Central Ridge

  Aim: Characterize the permanent dentition morphology of a group of Afrodescendants of Istmina (Chocó, Colombia). Materials y methods: This quantitative cross-sectional study determined the frequency and variability of 35 incisor, canine, premolar and molar morphological features of the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System in 100 self-described individuals as Afrodescendants (50 Female and 50 male), aged between 5 and 18 years. Results: Significant frequencies of winging (99%), double blade of the central incisors (86%), convexity of the lips (41%), crest of the shoulder (35%), and distal crest (39% to 45%) were identified (95% to 98%), central ridge (82% and 80%), mesolingual groove (79%), distolingual groove (81%), hippocampus reduction (86%), Carabelli cusp ) And cusp 7 (64%). No sexual dimorphism and bilateral asymmetry were found in the MCDS studied. Conclusions: The frequency and variability of the MCDD included in the dendrogram showed that the Isthmian group had a typical dental morphology of the Afrodescendant populations distributed on the Colombian Pacific coast, which were derived from groups of the West African coast included in The dental complex of Saharan Africa. Likewise, it was possible to detect the influence of mestizo and indigenous populations occupying the same geopolitical space.

Stratigraphic filter theory: Combined effects of parallel bedding and random inhomogeneities

Geophysics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 1531-1537 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Lerche
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Layered Medium ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Bedding Planes ◽  
Scattering Centers ◽  
The Mean

Mean field renormalization techniques determine the phase distortion (time delay) and effective attenuation as functions of frequency for a plane acoustic wave, normally incident on a layered medium, when the medium also contains a distribution of scattering centers at random sites. The power spectra of impedance fluctuations of both the bedding layers and the random centers contribute to the time delay and mean field effective attenuation. At low frequencies (long wavelengths), the power spectrum of the bedding planes dominates the mean wave response, producing most of the time delay and the effective attenuation. At high frequencies (short wavelengths), the random scattering centers dominate the mean wave behavior. The wave no longer propagates exactly perpendicularly to bedding planes since the random scattering centers cast energy into directions transverse to the normal to the bedding planes. The precise frequency dependence of both the time delay and the effective attenuation of the mean wave are sensitive to the power spectrum of impedance fluctuations of the bedding planes relative to the power spectrum of the random scattering centers.

scholarly journals Acoustic streaming and the induced forces between two spheres

2016 ◽  
Vol 810 ◽  
pp. 378-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fabre ◽  
J. Jalal ◽  
J. S. Leontini ◽  
R. Manasseh
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Streaming ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Oscillating Flow ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Steady Streaming ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Linear Problems ◽  
Parameter Measuring ◽  
Dimensional Domain

The ability of acoustic microstreaming to cause a pair of particles to attract or repel is investigated. Expanding the flow around two spheres in terms of a small-amplitude parameter measuring the amplitude of the forcing, the leading order is an oscillating flow field with zero mean representing the effect of the applied acoustic field, while the second-order correction contains a steady streaming component. A modal decomposition in the azimuthal direction reduces the problem to a few linear problems in a two-dimensional domain corresponding to the meridional ($r,z$) plane. The analysis computes both the intricate flow fields and the mean forces felt by both spheres. If the spheres are aligned obliquely with respect to the oscillating flow, they experience a lateral force which realigns them into a transverse configuration. In this transverse configuration, they experience an axial force which can be either attractive or repulsive. At high frequencies the force is always attractive. At low frequencies, it is repulsive. At intermediate frequencies, the force is attractive at large distances and repulsive at small distances, leading to the existence of a stable equilibrium configuration.

scholarly journals Mixed dentition Morphology characteristics: a correlation between 3 non-metric dental traits in temporal and permanent dentition in scholars from Cali - Colombia

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Aguirre ◽  
Diana Castillo ◽  
Diana Solarte ◽  
Martha Moyano ◽  
Freddy Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Dental Morphology ◽  
State University ◽  
Arizona State University ◽  
Dental Anthropology ◽  
Dental Traits ◽  
Crown Traits ◽  
Dental Crown

Summary: Objectives: Determine the correlation of the frequency and variability of three Non-metricdental crown traits (Carabelli cusp, protostylid and molar pattern cusp) between deciduous (um2/lm2)and permanent (UM1/LM1) teeth in mixed-dentition subjects. Materials and methods: A descriptivestudy was conducted to determine the dental morphology in mixed dentition stage of young subjects.The Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System ASUDAS and Grind and Sciulli Methods wereused as reference to compare frequency of dental traits in dental casts of 100 young individualsracially mixed. Results: A high expression of furrows and pits of the Carabelli cusp, a highfrequency of protostylid in degree 1 (foramen secum) and a expression of molar pattern cusp,revealed that the studied population received influences of the Mongoloid and Caucasoid dentalcomplexes. Correspondence on the traits expression among temporal and permanent dentition was alsoconfirmed. Bilateral symmetry and sexual dimorphism in the analyzed non-metric dental crown traitswere found. Key words: Dental anthropology. Dental morphology. Non-metric dental crown traits. Mixeddentition.  

scholarly journals Who Were the Natufians? A Dental Assessment of their Biological Coherency

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua G. Lipschultz
Keyword(s):  
Population Biology ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Biological Study ◽  
Dental Morphology ◽  
State University ◽  
Arizona State University ◽  
Dental Anthropology ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Behavioral Transition

The Natufians were complex, semi-sedentary hunter-gatherers who intensively exploited wild plant resources in the southern Levant 12,800 to 10,200 BP. They represent the human culturo-behavioral transition from simple, mobile hunter-gatherers to fully sedentary agriculturalisits. The Natufians have been the subject of much archaeological and biological study because of their pivotal postion in human prehistory. Previous studies of Natufian population biology, which mployed osteometrics, craniometrics, and odontometrics, qualitatively supported the following archaeologically-defined hypothesis. Every human skeletal sample found at each Natufian site belonged to a biologically coherent populations. The present study tests the hypothesis of Natufian biological coherency by analyzing their dental morphology. The data were collected from nearly all available Natufian dental material, using the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System. The results of the multivariate Mean Measure of Divergence statistical analysis support the biological coherency of the Natufian population. 

scholarly journals Permanent molar trait expression in the Late Neolithic cave burials of the Meuse Basin, Belgium

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Frank L'Engle Williams ◽  
Rebecca George
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
State University ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Arizona State University ◽  
Dental Anthropology ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Permanent Molar ◽  
Permanent Molars ◽  
Early Late

At least 250 cave burials along the Meuse river basin of Belgium yield prehistoric remains, and most date from the Late Neolithic period. Several have been radiocarbon dated, including the early/late Neolithic deposits of Hastière Caverne M and Hastière Trou Garçon C and the final/late Neolithic caves of Sclaigneaux and Bois Madame. An additional collective burial, Maurenne Caverne de la Cave is radiocarbon dated to the Middle Neolithic and final/late Neolithic periods, circa 4,635 to 3,830 BP, encompassing the range of dates for the other collective burials. Most individuals are represented by fragmentary gnathic remains with in situ dental elements. Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS) scores of permanent molars are employed to examine whether differences within and between the caves exist, and whether chronology and ecogeography can account for the variation in traits. The final/late Neolithic cave of Sclaigneaux, the most geographically distinct cave burial, and Hastière Caverne M, possibly the earliest site, emerge as the most distinctive. The final/late Neolithic sites of Sclaigneaux and Bois Madame exhibit the greatest variability of trait expression. These results bear on the mobility and continuity of human groups in Belgium during the terminus of the Neolithic prior to the Bronze Age.

Temporal and Spatial Biological Kinship Variation at Campovalano and Alfedena in Iron Age Central Italy

2019 ◽  
pp. 107-132
Author(s):  
Evan Muzzall ◽  
Alfredo Coppa
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Field Variation ◽  
Biological Distance ◽  
State University ◽  
Arizona State University ◽  
Dental Anthropology ◽  
Covariance Models

This chapter utilizes craniometric, dental metric, and Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS) data to investigate temporospatial differences in biological distance patterns at the monumental necropoles of Campovalano and Alfedena, Iron Age Central Italy. Results of craniometric one-way analyses of variance suggest that Campovalano crania exhibit great biological continuity through time, while geometric mean scaled dental metric multidimensional scaling and ASUDAS neighbor-joining clustering indicate Campovalano samples are more similar to each other than compared to Alfedena Campo Consolino, the ritual core of the broader Alfedena necropolis. Also, Mantel tests reveal that male faces and cranial bases faintly correlate with burial distances at Alfedena Campo Consolino, which is consistent with previous research. However, female tooth row metrics slightly correlate with burial distances at Campovalano, which was unexpected. Finally, logistic regression and analyses of covariance models of a small dental metric subset could suggest that Alfedena Campo Consolino is the most different of the metric samples and that more comprehensive modelling of sex-specific dental morphogenetic field variation should be considered in bioarchaeology. Results are discussed in terms of biological and physical distances, endogamy and marriage rules, heritability, and small and imbalanced samples for investigating the frontiers and borderlands of the past.

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