scholarly journals The Non-injured Leg Can Be Used as a Reference for the Injured Leg in Single-legged Hop Tests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Vereijken ◽  
Emiel van Trijffel ◽  
Inne Aerts ◽  
Bruno Tassignon ◽  
Jo Verschueren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hop Tests

scholarly journals Hop Testing Provides a Reliable and Valid Outcome Measure During Rehabilitation After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Reid ◽  
Trevor B Birmingham ◽  
Paul W Stratford ◽  
Greg K Alcock ◽  
J Robert Giffin
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Symmetry Index ◽  
Limb Symmetry Index ◽  
Hop Tests ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background and Purpose Although various hop tests have been proposed as performance-based outcome measures following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, limited reports of their measurement properties exist. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and longitudinal validity of data obtained from hop tests during rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction. Subjects Forty-two patients, 15 to 45 years of age, who had undergone ACL reconstruction participated in the study. Methods and Measures The study design was prospective and observational with repeated measures. The subjects performed a series of 4 hop tests on 3 separate occasions within the 16th week following surgery and on a fourth occasion 6 weeks later. The tests were a single hop for distance, a 6-m timed hop, a triple hop for distance, and crossover hops for distance. Performance on the ACL-reconstructed limb was expressed as a percentage of the performance on the nonoperative limb, termed the “limb symmetry index.” Subjects also completed the Lower Extremity Functional Scale and a global rating of change questionnaire. Results Intraclass correlation coefficients for limb symmetry index values ranged from .82 to .93. Standard errors of measurement were 3.04% to 5.59%. Minimal detectable changes, at the 90% confidence level, were 7.05% to 12.96%. Changes in hop test scores on the operative limb were statistically greater than changes on the nonoperative limb. Pearson correlations (r) between change in hop performances and self-reported measures ranged from .26 to .58. Discussion and Conclusion The results show that the described series of hop tests provide a reliable and valid performance-based outcome measure for patients undergoing rehabilitation following ACL reconstruction. These findings support the use and facilitate the interpretation of hop tests for research and clinical practice.

Effects Of 48 Hours Of Kinesio Taping Application On The Performance Of Hop Tests

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Igor Magalhães ◽  
Matheus Trindade ◽  
Paula Torres ◽  
João Silva ◽  
Bruno Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hop Tests ◽  
Kinesio Taping

scholarly journals The hybrid anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgical technique does permit an accelerated early functional recovery and return to sport.

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967117S0017
Author(s):  
Peter Annear ◽  
Ebert Jay
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Hamstring Graft ◽  
Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Hop Tests ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Tegner Score

Objectives: A major reason for undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) for patients is to return to high demand activity and sport. Published literature supports a return to sport (RTS) at 6-12 months, though the recovery of lower limb strength and functional symmetry is critical and is linked with a patient’s ability to RTS, as well as reducing the incidence of secondary re-tear. This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes and RTS between patients undergoing ACLR utilizing a hamstring graft and those undergoing a hybrid technique which augments the hamstring graft with a synthetic LARS ligament. Methods: A non-randomized study design was used to compare clinical outcomes at 10-12 months post-surgery, in 82 patients undergoing conventional ACLR via a hamstring graft (HG) and 35 patients undergoing a hybrid hamstring/LARS graft (HLG). All patients were assessed using a range of patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores (IKDC, KOOS, Cinncinati, Lysholm, SF-36, Tegner, Noyes, Global Rating of Change – GRC). Limb symmetry indices (LSIs) presenting the operated limb as a percentage of the unaffected limb were calculated for several strength/functional assessments (peak isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring strength, the single, triple and triple crossover hop for distance, and the 6 m timed hop). Results: There were no group differences (p>0.05) in patient demographics and the majority of PROs. The HLG group perceived themselves to be significantly ‘more recovered’ (p=0.046) on the GRC scale (HLG = 3.2, HG = 2.2), and also reported a significantly greater (p=0.004) Tegner score (HLG = 7.2, HG = 5.9). For the HG group, 62% of patients had returned to Noyes Level 1 or 2 activities, versus 80% of the HLG group. For the Tegner score, 57% of patients reported a score >6, versus 77% of the HLG group. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in LSIs between groups for the strength and functional hop tests. However, the HLG group demonstrated a mean LSI above 90% for all four hop tests, while all four were below 90% in the HG group. Both groups demonstrated mean hamstring strength LSIs above 90%, while the quadriceps strength LSI was 81.9% and 85.8% for the HG and HLG groups, respectively. Conclusion: Patients in the HLG group perceived themselves to be more recovered, and had returned to a higher level of activity/sport, compared with the HG group. While not significant, the HLG group did demonstrate more favorable functional hop and quadriceps strength LSIs, which has been linked with the ability to RTS and the incidence of ACL re-tear. A larger patient cohort and follow-up is required to observe long-term outcomes.

scholarly journals HOP TEST AS A TOOL FOR THE ASSESSMENT AND PREVENTION OF INJURIES IN FOOTBALLERS DURING PRESEASON

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967118S0004
Author(s):  
F García-Bol ◽  
V Posada-Franco ◽  
A Roldán-Valero ◽  
R Del Caño-Espinel
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Return To Sports ◽  
Hop Tests ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Hop Tests (unipodal horizontal jumps) have been recommended as one of the reliable assessment tests when allowing a return to competition for a sportsperson after an anterior cruciate ligament injury1,2,3,4. Currently, comparison is made of the results with the contralateral limb through the symmetry index, a method which might not provide sufficient security upon the return to competitive sport5. Hop tests can be used in preseason to gain reference values prior to a possible injury. The objective of this review is to analise the scientific literature such as the F-Marc6 (reference manual of FIFA) to confirm whether include said tests in preseason for football teams. A search was conducted in the Pubmed y Cochrane databases (17/04/17) with the search terms “Hop Test”, “Football”, “Soccer”, and “Preseason”. Articles in English and Spanish were both accepted. Articles excluded were those that did not make reference to the knee, to football, and those that did not conduct tests during preseason. From a total of 33 articles, 4 with these search criteria were included, 5 articles were added trough the bibliography of other studies, and the F-Marc manual was analised. 4 of the articles used the hop tests in preseason for some type of study, of which 3 were used as part of a prospective assessment for the season. On the other hand, the F-Marc does not consider Hop Tests as an assessment test. Hop tests were not found to be used in preseason as reference values prior to possible future injuries, data which could be beneficial for a safe return to sport. Harris J, Abrams G, Bach B, Williams D, Heidloff D, Bush-Joseph C, Verma N, Forsythe B, Cole B. Return to Sport After ACL Reconstruction. ORTHOPEDICS. 2014; 37: e103-e108. Barber-Westin SD, Noyes FR. Factors used to determine return to unrestricted sports activities after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy. 2011 Dec;27(12):1697-705. Thomeé R, Kaplan Y, Kvist J, Myklebust G, Risberg MA, Theisen D, Tsepis E, Werner S, Wondrasch B, Witvrouw E. Muscle strength and hop performance criteria prior to return to sports after ACL reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2011 Nov;19(11):1798-805. Bolgla LA, Keskula DR. Reliability of lower extremity functional performance tests. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1997 Sep;26(3):138-42. Wellsandt E, Failla MJ, Snyder-Mackler L. Limb Symmetry Indexes Can Overestimate Knee Function After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2017 Mar 29:1-18. F-MARC. Football Medicine Manual. 2nd Edition. Available from: http://f-marc.com . 2017.

scholarly journals Laterality of the legs in young female soccer players

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Z. Antosiak-Cyrak ◽  
Grzegorz Wiczyński ◽  
Elżbieta M. Rostkowska
Keyword(s):  
Young Female ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Body Balance ◽  
Hop Tests ◽  
Global Movements ◽  
The Right ◽  
Better Than

AbstractPurpose. The aim of the present study was assessment of laterality of the legs of young female soccer players and their non-training counterparts. Methods. The study sample comprised 9 female soccer players and 19 non-training girls. They underwent three measurement sessions, one every six months. The applied tests included kinesthetic differentiation, rate of local movements, static balance, single-leg hop, rate of global movements, strength and speed, and functional asymmetry of the legs tests. Results. The soccer players were better than the controls in their performance of the rate of local movements, rate of global movements, kinesthetic differentiation, single-leg 15m timed hop and static balance tests. Smaller differences between the results of the left and the right legs in soccer players, than in non-training girls, were noted in the rate of local movements, rate of global movements and kinesthetic differentiation tests. In the static balance test, the differences were greater in the group of soccer players. Conclusions. Lateralization of the lower limbs is a highly complex characteristic with a different variability in athletes than in nontraining individuals. The results of the present study also point to the specialization of soccer players’ left legs in body balance and single-leg hop tests.

Efecto agudo del programa Knäkontroll sobre parámetros del rendimiento físico en jugadores de fútbol de categoría juvenil

JUMP ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Guillermo López-Carrillo ◽  
Francisco Javier Robles-Palazón
Keyword(s):  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Hop Tests ◽  
Post Test

El fútbol es un deporte que, por la alta exigencia física que requiere, lleva asociado un elevado riesgo de lesión. Dada la magnitud del problema, los investigadores han optado por diseñar estrategias preventivas que ayuden a minimizar la incidencia de lesión en este deporte. Estas estrategias se han organizado como programas de calentamiento previo a la participación en el deporte. Sin embargo, la evidencia sobre el efecto agudo de estas intervenciones sobre parámetros del rendimiento físico es escasa. Por tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el efecto agudo del programa Knäkontroll (nivel B) sobre parámetros del rendimiento físico en jugadores de fútbol de categoría juvenil. Para ello, se utilizó un diseño cuasi-experimental pre-test y post-test, empleando la estabilidad dinámica de la extremidad inferior (Y-Balance Test), la cinemática de la caída en salto vertical (Tuck Jump Assessment [TJA]), el rango de movimiento articular de la dorsiflexión de tobillo (ROM-Sport), la distancia de salto horizontal unilateral (Single-Legged Hop Tests), y la altura de salto vertical unilateral (Single Leg Countermovement Jump [SLCMJ]) como principales medidas del rendimiento físico. Los resultados mostraron un incremento significativo del rendimiento para todas las variables tras la implementación del programa Knäkontroll, a excepción de la altura en el SLCMJ y la cinemática en el TJA. En conclusión, el programa Knäkontroll se presenta como una estrategia adecuada para su aplicación como calentamiento previo a la práctica del fútbol. No obstante, la inclusión de ejercicios (o variantes) adicionales que trabajen el componente pliométrico podría contribuir a la mejora del desempeño en el salto vertical.

Risiko-Screening im Handballsport – Welche funktionellen Tests sind sinnvoll?

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (03) ◽  
pp. 187-195
Author(s):  
Christoph Hainc Scheller ◽  
Matthias Keller ◽  
Eduard Kurz
Keyword(s):  
Composite Score ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Hop Tests ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Test Side

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Ein Weg zur optimierten Verletzungsprophylaxe ist der Einsatz funktioneller Testbatterien im Sport. Auf Basis dieser Ergebnisse können korrigierende Übungen empfohlen werden, mit dem Ziel die Defizite zu beheben. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, Ergebnisse ausgewählter funktioneller Tests mit dem Auftreten von Verletzungen bei jugendlichen Handballspielern zu vergleichen. Material und Methoden An dieser Studie nahmen 31 Spieler aus den Nachwuchsmannschaften eines Handballbundesligisten teil. Vor Beginn der Rückrunde absolvierten alle Spieler den Functional-Movement-Screen, Y-Balance-Test, Front-Hop-Test, Side-Hop-Test und Square-Hop-Test. Alle Verletzungen, die nach der Testung aufgetreten sind, wurden bis zum Abschluss der Saison dokumentiert. Ergebnisse Innerhalb des Untersuchungszeitraums wurden 4 Nicht-Kontakt-Verletzungen und 4 Kontakt-Verletzungen registriert. Spieler, die eine Nicht-Kontakt-Verletzung erlitten haben, zeigten im Side-Hop-Test eine Seitensymmetrie von 78 % (Unverletzte und Kontakt-Verletzungen > 85 %) und im Y-Balance-Test einen Composite-Score von 87 % (Unverletzte und Kontakt-Verletzungen > 90 %). Für den Functional-Movement-Screen, die Front- und Square-Hop-Tests konnten keine deutlichen Unterschiede zwischen verletzten und unverletzten Spielern festgestellt werden. Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie weisen darauf hin, dass innerhalb von Funktionsuntersuchungen im Handball neben Low-Threshold-Tests auch Testverfahren aus dem High-Threshold-Bereich angewendet werden sollten. Besonders geeignet für Handballsportler scheinen nach den Erfahrungen dieser Untersuchung der Y-Balance-Test und der Side-Hop-Test zu sein.

3D Hip And Knee Mechanics During Hop Tests After ACL Reconstruction Measured With Inertial Sensors

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (5S) ◽  
pp. 497-498
Author(s):  
Jasper Reenalda ◽  
Erik Maartens ◽  
Paul Kline ◽  
Jaap Buurke ◽  
Mary Lloyd Ireland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Hop Tests ◽  
Knee Mechanics

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF A CONCISE LOWER EXTREMITY PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE TEST SET FOR A RETURN TO SPORT DECISION MAKING IN PEDIATRIC POPULATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0017
Author(s):  
Trevor Lentz ◽  
John Magill ◽  
Heather Myers ◽  
Valentine Esposito ◽  
Emily Reinke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Hop Tests ◽  
Response Variance ◽  
Cumulative Response ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
Highly Correlated

Purpose/Hypothesis: Common physical performance tests (PPTs) used in return to sport decision-making include the Y-Balance LQ, stork balance, stork balance on BOSU, single leg squat (SLS), SLS on BOSU, clockwise and counterclockwise quadrant single leg hop (SLH), forward SLH, timed SLH, and triple crossover SLH. While each test assesses distinct characteristics of performance, the10-item battery is not practical in clinical settings. The aims of this study are to 1) define which primary components of physical performance these 10 PPTs assess, and 2) derive a reduced item set of PPTs that efficiently and accurately measures performance on each component. Number of Subjects: 63 Materials/Methods: Healthy volunteers ages 6-17 [10.7 ±3.2 years; 33 females (54.1%)] performed10 PPTs in the same order with randomized starting test and limb. For analysis, we developed a composite score for each test by averaging trials. All Y-Balance, and hop tests were normalized to leg length. Item reduction was performed using principal components analysis (PCA). Kaiser Criterion (eigenvalue > 1) and scree plot visualization determined the optimal number of components to extract. Items with loadings > 0.55 were considered for the reduced item test. Cross-loaded items with < 0.25 absolute difference in loading between components were dropped. If two or more factors loading on the same component were highly correlated (r > 0.7), we dropped the item(s) with the lowest factor loading. The reduced item set was evaluated for internal consistency (Cronbach a) among the principal components, with a minimum criterion of 0.7 considered satisfactory. Results: PCA extracted 2 components with a cumulative response variance of 67.7%. Component 1 (neuromuscular control) included all balance, SLS and quadrant hop tests. The two quadrant hop tests were highly correlated (r=0.94) and had the second and third lowest factor loadings (<0.78) and were not considered for the reduced-item set. The SLS had the lowest factor loading (0.69) and was also not considered. The Stork, Stork BOSU, and SLS BOSU had similar factor loadings (0.79, 0.90, and 0.88, respectively) and did not meet criteria for removal (all < 0.61). Component 2 (Power), forward SLH (0.94) and crossover SLH (0.79), demonstrated moderate correlation (r=0.56). Timed SLH and Y-balance did not meet the loading criterion and were not considered. The final 5-item set had a cumulative response variance of 76.0%. The Cronbach a of the 3-item Component 1 (0.80), 2-item Component 2 (0.72) and overall 5-item set (0.70) were all satisfactory. Conclusion: Neuromuscular control and power are most appropriately assessed with stork, stork BOSU, SLS BOSU, forward SLH and triple crossover SLH tests. Of these, the Stork BOSU and forward SLH may be most capable of evaluating components measured by the 10 PPTs. Clinical Relevance: These findings provide clinicians with efficient options for measuring lower extremity performance for the purposes of return to sport decision making in pediatric populations.

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