scholarly journals Fellow Traveller Versus Moral Stranger: How Overall Views of Offenders Impact on Punishment and Rehabilitation Decisions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Stephanie Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Fellow Traveller ◽  
The Media ◽  
Empirical Context ◽  
Objective View ◽  
Moral Stranger ◽  
The Way

<p>Theoretical discussions have proposed that opinions relating to offenders can be viewed along a continuum, with the moral stranger at one end and the fellow traveller at the other (Connolly & Ward, 2008). At the very basic level the moral stranger is the offender who is a bad person, while the fellow traveller is the offender who has done a bad thing. It is proposed that where an individual’s view of offenders sits on the continuum will help determine punishment and rehabilitation decisions that they make about offenders. It is further proposed that these views are influenced by outside factors such as the way that the media portrays offenders. The media is an important source of information on crime and offenders (Gilliam & Iyengar, 2000; Klite, Bardwell, & Salzman, 1997), and so the way that the media write about offenders can influence the public’s opinions about offenders. The moral stranger and the fellow traveller are theoretical concepts at present, so the aim of the current research was to investigate these concepts in an empirical context. Firstly, Studies 1 and 2 presented crime vignettes written from either the moral stranger perspective or the fellow traveller perspective and then investigated what punishment and rehabilitation differences there were. Study 3 then developed a measure to evaluate individuals’ opinions about offenders, to create an empirical basis for the existing theory. The Opinions about Criminal Offenders (OCO) Scale was developed in Study 3. Study 4 then tested the psychometric properties of this Scale, and through further factor analysis the scale was pared down to 12-items made up of four subscales. Study 5 then brought together the empirical work from Studies 1 and 2 and the developed measure from Studies 3 and 4. Participants were presented with two vignettes, one written from a subjective view and the other from an objective view. They were also given the 12-item OCO Scale. Structural Equation Modelling was then used to extend the work of Studies 1 and 2, and to further develop the decision making process individuals go through. Results indicated that each subscale of the OCO predicted different judgements made about the offender, in terms of his characteristics and likelihood of reoffending, and that these judgements then predicted different judgements about the outcome of the offence, including punishment motive. These studies, together, show that the moral stranger and fellow traveller concepts do exist, as a continuum, and the development of the OCO Scale showed that there is utility in the scale in terms of the type of judgements made about an offender and an offence. The current study was conducted with a sex offence in the vignettes and so further research needs to extend this by using different offence types and different offender characteristics, to investigate how generalisable these findings are.</p>

scholarly journals Fellow Traveller Versus Moral Stranger: How Overall Views of Offenders Impact on Punishment and Rehabilitation Decisions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Stephanie Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Fellow Traveller ◽  
The Media ◽  
Empirical Context ◽  
Objective View ◽  
Moral Stranger ◽  
The Way

<p>Theoretical discussions have proposed that opinions relating to offenders can be viewed along a continuum, with the moral stranger at one end and the fellow traveller at the other (Connolly & Ward, 2008). At the very basic level the moral stranger is the offender who is a bad person, while the fellow traveller is the offender who has done a bad thing. It is proposed that where an individual’s view of offenders sits on the continuum will help determine punishment and rehabilitation decisions that they make about offenders. It is further proposed that these views are influenced by outside factors such as the way that the media portrays offenders. The media is an important source of information on crime and offenders (Gilliam & Iyengar, 2000; Klite, Bardwell, & Salzman, 1997), and so the way that the media write about offenders can influence the public’s opinions about offenders. The moral stranger and the fellow traveller are theoretical concepts at present, so the aim of the current research was to investigate these concepts in an empirical context. Firstly, Studies 1 and 2 presented crime vignettes written from either the moral stranger perspective or the fellow traveller perspective and then investigated what punishment and rehabilitation differences there were. Study 3 then developed a measure to evaluate individuals’ opinions about offenders, to create an empirical basis for the existing theory. The Opinions about Criminal Offenders (OCO) Scale was developed in Study 3. Study 4 then tested the psychometric properties of this Scale, and through further factor analysis the scale was pared down to 12-items made up of four subscales. Study 5 then brought together the empirical work from Studies 1 and 2 and the developed measure from Studies 3 and 4. Participants were presented with two vignettes, one written from a subjective view and the other from an objective view. They were also given the 12-item OCO Scale. Structural Equation Modelling was then used to extend the work of Studies 1 and 2, and to further develop the decision making process individuals go through. Results indicated that each subscale of the OCO predicted different judgements made about the offender, in terms of his characteristics and likelihood of reoffending, and that these judgements then predicted different judgements about the outcome of the offence, including punishment motive. These studies, together, show that the moral stranger and fellow traveller concepts do exist, as a continuum, and the development of the OCO Scale showed that there is utility in the scale in terms of the type of judgements made about an offender and an offence. The current study was conducted with a sex offence in the vignettes and so further research needs to extend this by using different offence types and different offender characteristics, to investigate how generalisable these findings are.</p>

scholarly journals Presse et délinquance ou comment lire entre les signes

Criminologie ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine Soubiran-Paillet
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Relative Influence ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Media ◽  
Majority Groups ◽  
Systematic List ◽  
The Way

Based on two newspapers published in different socio-political contexts, one in Nice, France, the other in Geneva, Switzerland, we would like to compare the way these two dailies view crimes against property. Does the journalist report theft, breach of trust or break and enter in the same way? Are the same variables used in the articles or are important changes made from one article to the other? If such is the case, who orders the changes in the structure of the articles? The work, which comprises a systematic list of six months daily articles, covers all typical situations published in the two newspapers. It seems, then, that the persons mentioned in the papers who belong to minority, as opposed to the majority groups, are generally presented as responsible for crime. It seems, too, that individuality disappears in the reconstruction of the reality by the media. All in all, the analysis shows that the press exercises only a relative influence on its readers.

scholarly journals Post-Zionist Critique on Israel and the Palestinians Part II: The Media

1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilan Pappe
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Israeli Society ◽  
Partial Privatization ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Media ◽  
Academic Debate ◽  
The Way

The academic debate in Israel on Zionism and its implications for the way the society views itself and the "other" were discussed in part one of this article. This part examines the press, which with partial privatization and the cumulative impact of the Lebanon war and the intifada has undergone a transformation since the late 1980s. While a wider diversity of views and bold reporting on events are now current, the article concludes that the representation of the Palestinians and Arabs in the news columns is fundamentally unchanged. The last part will follow the manifestations of the academic debate in film, theater, novels, music, and poems and will assess the significance of these changes in the culture and worldview of Israeli society as a whole.

Media en Minderheden

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
Wasif Shadid
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Change ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

Research in both Europe and America indicates that the way in which mass communication deals with ethnic minorities contributes directly and indirectly to the diffusion and the maintenance of prejudice against these groups. These are generally projected as problem categories in cultural and in socioeconomic sense. In this article we pay attention to the causes and functions of prejudice and especially to the role of mass communication media in this regard. Furthermore, attention is paid to the possibilities of and the extent to which the media can succeed in fighting against such negative attitudes towards the groups concerned. In this regard, a distinction is made between preventive and interven-tive strategies. Based on certain theories of social psychology on attitude forming and on the use and absorption of information it is concluded that though manipulation of attitude is not easily achieved, it is nevertheless possible. Various experi-ments in similar fields show that, under certain conditions, the supply of informa-tion through an adequate intervention strategy of the media can to some extent generate attitude change in the desired direction. However, such a positive result can only be achieved (1) if the basic thoughts underlying the prejudice concerned can be accurately identified; (2) if the difference between the information provided on the one hand and the existing information on the other is neither too weak nor too strong; (3) if the relevant information is provided by prominent persons and media in society; and (4) if the intended message emphasizes the positive rather than the negative similarities between minorities and the other groups. Because of the complexity of such an intervention process it is doubtfull whether the media can actually play an effective role in this context. Consequently, being attentive to the way in which the media provide information about the groups concerned is a more appropriate strategy in preventing the diffusion of prejudice. In this article, some relevant suggestions in this regard have been discussed.

scholarly journals The Blitz Gothic: War and Language in Elizabeth Bowen's "The Demon Lover"

Linguaculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Florina Năstase
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Bram Stoker ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
The Fantastic ◽  
John Banville ◽  
War Experience ◽  
The Way

The paper intends to explore Elizabeth Bowen’s stylistic choices in her wartime short story, The Demon Lover (1945), wherein the experience of war is rendered in gothic form as a supernatural occurrence. Bowen’s predilection for framing aspects of war in an inverted manner is well-documented in such novels as The Heat of the Day (1949), and her appeal to the fantastic is part of an Irish tradition, ranging from Bram Stoker to John Banville. The paper attempts to analyze the way in which the gothic mode, particularly at the level of language, contributes to a deconstruction of the war experience and a re-examination of the psychological horror of the Other. To this end, the paper employs theoretical concepts pertaining to the sphere of the “war gothic”, while also placing emphasis on modernist theories of style, specifically as they relate to Bowen’s “willfully tortuous syntax” (Teekell 61) which has an almost physical, claustrophobic effect on the reader.

scholarly journals Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 144-156
Author(s):  
Melle Jan Kromhout
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Transmission Channels ◽  
The Media ◽  
Sound Media ◽  
The Way

The conclusion takes stock of the way in which the media technological sound of the “other music” makes sense to human listeners. This music, it is argued, appeals to listeners not despite but precisely because of the way in which it is shaped by the noise of sound media: by all the disturbances, distortions, and interferences added by the transmission channels through which it travels. The book therefore closes with a brief exploration of the “other music,” using the music of Venezuelan electronic musician Arca as its final example. The fluidity and openness of her noisy, unpredictable music exemplifies the continuous trade-off between control and contingency that defines the operations of technical media. It is a fitting example of the way in which the noise of sound media, produced on the basis of the logic of filtering, is key to the continuous back-and-forth, or noise resonance, between music and listener.

Identity Is What We Sell

2015 ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
Anette Horn ◽  
Peter Horn
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Advertising Strategy ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Media ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

This chapter argues that the most efficient advertising strategy is one that addresses the identity of the customer and recognizes his or her social construction. The most generally accepted concept of “identity” sees the “identity” of a person determined by social attributes. But identities are far more mobile these days, and we deal with identities created and reinforced by the media and by advertising. Style is the way in which we present ourselves to others, with which we say who we are or, more importantly, who we want to be or to appear. Advertising, therefore, does not emphasize, in the first place, who we are but to what we aspire. Ads sell not only commodities but also desires and aspirations. It is advertising on the one hand and the stories produced by the media on the other hand that supply this ideology of happiness. On its own, consumption always ends in a certain emptiness.

To cover or not to cover: Alexei Navalny in Russian media

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Kazun
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Negative News ◽  
Russian Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Positive Outlook ◽  
The Way

This article analyses the discourse about the opposition politician Alexei Navalny in Russian media. Navalny has been actively engaging with his audience through social media and online platforms; however, some media continue to ignore the politician, practically not covering his activities. The article analyses the intensity and sentiment of the media coverage of Navalny based on data from Medialogia. It is concluded that the media in general do cover the politician’s activities and attempts to deliberately ignore news about him are only made by TV stations. However, news about Navalny is often negative. While blogs offer a more positive outlook on the politician’s activities than do the other types of media that the article considers, the majority of the coverage of Navalny in Russian media is of a critical nature. In addition, an analysis of positive and negative news in various types of media suggests that the way the politician’s activities are covered primarily involves not information about what he did or did not do but rather the various media interpretations of these actions.

scholarly journals Religion In The Construction Of Mass Media; A Study On The Kompas And Republika Framing Of The Terrorism News

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Zakiah Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
The Other ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
Framing Analysis ◽  
Radical Group ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

<p><em>This article concerns on how Kompas and Republika framed terrorism news and how they construct a religion (Islam) in those terrorism news. The way of the media exposing and selecting the facts to be published in their newspaper is an important aspect to be studied. This is because each media has its own inclination. Data was gathered using library research. Then, those collected data were analyzed using framing analysis and constructivism perspective. The results show that Kompas and Republika clearly said that Islam has nothing to do with terrorism and the terrorists have relationship with the International radical group like JI and Al-Qaeda. On the other hand, both newspapers have a slight difference in exposing the relationship between terrorists and pesantren. Republika said that those terrorists were not connected with pesantren. Meanwhile Kompas exposed the pro and contra about this matter.  In addition, both media have trivial differences in reporting about dakwah prohibition.  </em></p>

When the media get in the way

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey A. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
The Media ◽  
The Way
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document