Environmental epidemiology in a crossfire

Two tendencies have emerged in environmental epidemiology that hamper the translation of research findings into prevention of environmental hazards. One is the increased focus on highlighting weaknesses of epidemiology research that is clearly meant to explain away the research conclusions and weaken their possible implications for interventions to control environmental hazards. Another is the voluminous amount of information sharing that involves a substantial amount of misinformation, as part of the ongoing infodemic. In this light, the appearance of the catalogue of doubt-raising strategies, indeed the worst practices of scientific inference, is good news. Collected under the auspices of the International Network for Epidemiology in Policy, it serves to illustrate the range of possible (and impossible) forms of critique that may be raised on behalf of vested interests or other groups who for some reason disagree with the epidemiological conclusions. We believe that this systematic list will be useful in our field and help to identify critiques of policy options that are hidden and sometimes suppressed in weighing the epidemiological evidence.

Ichthyodiversity of the five linked rivers of Chattogram, Bangladesh

Faunal records are essential to understand, manage and conserve any ecosystem if altered due to anthropogenic or natural causes. In the south eastern Bangladesh five linked rivers, Karnaphuli, Halda, Sikalbaha, Chandkhali and Sangu play a significant role in the country‟s fisheries sector. In this study ichthyofauna of the three linked rivers, Karnaphuli, Shikalbaha and Chandkhali are presented. From these three important linked rivers a total of 130 ichthyofaunal species, of which 112 finfish and 18 shellfish species were recorded during May 2010 to February 2020. Out of 130 species of finfish and shellfish, 128 species (110 fin and 18 shell fish) from the River Karnaphuli, 85 species (74 fin and 11 shell fish) from the River Shikalbaha and 83 species (72 fin and 11 shell fish) from the River Chandkhali were recorded. A total of 112 finfish species including four exotics belonged to 20 orders, 47 families, and 90 genera and 18 shellfish species were under one order, 3 families and 7 genera. Maximum finfish and shellfish species were under the families Cyprinidae (22 species) and Palaemonidae (9). Amongst the 112 finfish, one was critically endangered, six endangered and eleven was vulnerable. Systematic list of the ichthyofauna with local names is given. Status of local availability of species along with those reported as data deficient and not reported by IUCN (2015) are also provided. This study will help the fishery scientists, policy makers and planners to manage and conserve the fish faunal diversity in the three important linked rivers of Chattogram. Bangladesh J. Zool. 48(2): 215-230, 2020

USE OF CREATIVE PROJECTS FOR THE FORMATION OF INFORMATION COMPETENCE OF TEACHERS OF ART WORK

The article considers the possibilities of using creative projects to form the information competence of teachers of artistic work. A theoretical model for the formation of information competence of teachers of technological education in the process of performing creative projects is proposed. The formation of information competence of teachers of technological education requires the identification and theoretical justification of the necessary organizational and pedagogical conditions as a set of measures aimed at ensuring the effectiveness of the formation of information competence. Since in our research work, the formation of information competence was carried out in the process of performing creative projects using CAD, the requirement to ensure interactive interaction of students with the teacher and other students came to the fore – creative co-executors of the project as a whole or its individual stages, as well as with all necessary to complete the project information-educational environment (educational-methodical materials, recommendations on the development of theoretical and practical material, Glossary, systematic list of the literature, the system of consultations in the form of newsgroups, forums, computer technology of collective creative activity, etc.). This condition allows the realization of each student's individual educational trajectory in the process of developing a creative project and maximize the use of all the possibilities of a creative project as a form of training to build the necessary level of information competence of teachers of technological education. Keywords: creative project, information competence, technological education, computer-aided design systems, art teacher

Revision of the Species Composition of Slime Molds in the Ile Alatau (Kazakhstan)

After the revision, it was found that the biota of slime molds in the Ile Alatau (Kazakhstan) has 62 species. The article provides a systematic list of slime molds. In the Ile Alatau these fungi-like organisms are represented by two classes: Protosteliomycetes and Myxomycetes. The Myxomycetes class is more widely represented and has 4 orders. The largest number of species is characteristic of the genera Trichia (8 species), Physarum (6), Arcyria, Diderma (5 species each) and Badhamia (4 species). The most common species in the research area are Lycogala epidendrum, Fuligo septica, Hemitrichia clavata, Trichia varia, Stemonitis axifera, S. fusca, S. splendens and Stemonitopsis typhina. Representatives of slime molds were found on various 18 substrates. The largest number of slime molds species (54) was recorded on Picea schrenkiana. There are 13 species on Populus tremula and 4 species on Betula tianschanica. The remaining substrates are characterized by 1-2 species. It is necessary to note the species of the genus Diderma that appear in early spring after snowfall: Diderma niveum, found on Artemisia juncea and representatives of Poaceae, and D. radiatum on dry grasses, leaves and branches of shrubs.

Content and Language Integrated Learning: Potential and Obstacles of Its Implementation in Russia

Reforms and initiatives applied to the field of Russian higher education during the past decade focus particularly on extending the scope of communicative educational space and scientific fields integration. Consequently, linguistic competence contributing to significant acceleration of the processes of globalization and internationalization of the society as a whole becomes the key component of higher professional education. It is necessary to ascertain that the current system of language education in Russian universities fails to deal with the tasks in hand comprehensively. The search for more efficient didactical tools and ways of organizing teaching processes culminated in choosing the paradigm of integrated education, specifically, integration of subject knowledge and foreign language. This approach is well-renowned in scientific and educational literature as CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning). The major objective of the present article is to analyze the current attempts of implementing CLIL in Russian Universities through the example of Tomsk Polytechnic University. The analysis comprises the effectiveness of CLIL didactic capacity, the prerequisites for its emergence as well as needs and challenges in the system of Russian higher education and intellectual labor market. As a conclusion, we offer a systematic list of measures that tend to improve the situation.

Implicit Leadership Theories, Implicit Followership Theories, and Dynamic Processing of Leadership Information

We offer a comprehensive review of the theoretical underpinnings and existing empirical evidence in the implicit leadership and implicit followership theories domain. After briefly touching on the historical roots of information-processing approaches to leadership and leader categorization theory, we focus on current contextualized and dynamic perspectives. We specifically present neural network approaches and adaptive resonance processes that guide leadership perceptions. We further address measurement issues, emerging areas of study such as implicit leadership theories, and identity and cross-cultural issues. We offer specific avenues for future research in the form of a systematic list of unanswered research questions and further outline leadership development implications.

About individual aspects of the development of the institution of punishment in the criminal code of RSFSR 1960

The article analyzes the conceptual aspects of the development of the institution of criminal punishment established by the Criminal code of the RSFSR in 1960 as a criminal act of the Soviet state, which formulated a new content of the institution of punishment based on the principles of Soviet law. Fixing in the Criminal code of the RSFSR of 1960 of punishment is a consequence of final refusal of measures of social protection in the Soviet criminal law. Punishment was defined not only as punishment for the committed crime, but also pursued the purposes of correction and re-education of convicts in the spirit of honest attitude to work, accurate execution of laws, respect for the rules of socialist community, as well as prevention of committing new crimes by both convicts and other persons. In the criminal code of the RSFSR was established a systematic list of types of criminal penalties; defined the rules of sentencing and release from punishment. This systematization of the measures of criminal repression used by the Soviet state was carried out in the form of outlining the types of punishments from the most severe to the milder, some of which were borrowed from other branches of law.