scholarly journals Protections for vulnerable accused in Malaysian criminal trials: Are they sufficient? Proposal for reform

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Naziah Mohd Alias
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
Criminal Trial ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Criminal Trials ◽  
Support Person ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

<p>This dissertation argues that the protections for vulnerable accused in Malaysian criminal trials are not sufficient. It is crucial to ensure that vulnerable accused receive proper treatment when dealing with the court. After thoroughly scrutinising the law and practice in several other jurisdictions, this dissertation proposes several amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code and the Evidence Act 1950 to provide clear guidelines as to how to deal with vulnerable accused in a criminal trial. It is ultimately recommended that the right to give an unsworn statement be modified so that it is more effective and fair in its operation. This dissertation further recommends the introduction of an adverse inference clause for the right to remain silent at trial so accused person can better understand the effect of their choice. Recommendations are also made to introduce an intermediary service for those vulnerable accused who choose to give sworn evidence in court, and to allow a support person to accompany a vulnerable accused during trial. These amendments aim to assist vulnerable accused persons physically and emotionally, and to protect their fair trial rights.</p>

scholarly journals Protections for vulnerable accused in Malaysian criminal trials: Are they sufficient? Proposal for reform

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Naziah Mohd Alias
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
Criminal Trial ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Criminal Trials ◽  
Support Person ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

<p>This dissertation argues that the protections for vulnerable accused in Malaysian criminal trials are not sufficient. It is crucial to ensure that vulnerable accused receive proper treatment when dealing with the court. After thoroughly scrutinising the law and practice in several other jurisdictions, this dissertation proposes several amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code and the Evidence Act 1950 to provide clear guidelines as to how to deal with vulnerable accused in a criminal trial. It is ultimately recommended that the right to give an unsworn statement be modified so that it is more effective and fair in its operation. This dissertation further recommends the introduction of an adverse inference clause for the right to remain silent at trial so accused person can better understand the effect of their choice. Recommendations are also made to introduce an intermediary service for those vulnerable accused who choose to give sworn evidence in court, and to allow a support person to accompany a vulnerable accused during trial. These amendments aim to assist vulnerable accused persons physically and emotionally, and to protect their fair trial rights.</p>

scholarly journals Comment: The Preliminary Inquiry in Ethiopia and Its Adverse Impact on the Rights of the Accused

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-160
Author(s):  
Wondwossen Demissie Kassa
Keyword(s):  
Attorney General ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Criminal Investigation ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

Whether preliminary inquiry should be conducted following completion of criminal investigation was one of the issues that arose in criminal proceedings of leaders of some opposition parties who were arrested (in June and July 2020) following the assassination of Hachalu Hundessa. The Court accepted the request of the Office of the Attorney General for the holding of preliminary inquiry. While the request of the Office of the Attorney General and the ruling of the court are consistent with the 1961 Criminal Procedure Code, in view of the unique nature of the Ethiopian Preliminary Inquiry, both the request and the ruling adversely affect the right of the accused to a fair trial. The application of the law regulating preliminary inquiry would be a departure from the principle of equality of arms and the right of the accused to confrontation, both of which are elements of the right to a fair trial. It is argued (in this comment) that using evidence obtained during preliminary inquiry against the accused is inconsistent with the FDRE Constitution and relevant international legal instruments.

scholarly journals PASAL 54 KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM ACARA PIDANA DALAM ELABORASI HUKUM PIDANA ISLAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-69
Author(s):  
Diah Ratri Oktavriana ◽  
Nasiri Nasiri
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Legal Service ◽  
Legal Assistance ◽  
Legal Aid ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

This research is a normative research. One of the fulfillment of human rights is justice in equalizing the position of every citizen before the law, as stated in Article 27 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The right to equality before the law or what is commonly referred to as equality before the law is a principle that provides recognition and protection of human rights for every individual regardless of one's background. Therefore, it is true that Law Number 16 of 2011 concerning Legal Aid for People Who Are Less Capable to Guarantee Constitutional Rights of Citizens for Justice and Equality before the Law emerged. Legal aid is a legal service provided by advocates to the community seeking justice In the realm of criminal cases, the provision of legal assistance is described in Article 54 of the Criminal Procedure Code which explains that in the interests of defense, a suspect or defendant has the right to receive legal assistance from one or more legal advisers during the time and at each level of examination. The provision of legal assistance must be based on the principle of equality before the law as stated in the explanation of Law Number 8 of 1981 concerning Criminal Procedure Law. From the various analyzes that have been carried out, in the perspective of Islamic criminal law it can be concluded that the principle of equality before the law as described in Article 54 of the Criminal Procedure Code is equivalent to an order to provide legal aid which in Islamic criminal law is spelled out in Surah Al-Maidah verse 2 which states that as a fellow humans are ordered to help each other as a form of horizontal worship to fellow humans (habl minan-nas). In addition there are many more both in the Al Qur'an and the hadith of the prophet regarding the application of the principle of equality before the law.

Law, Presence to Absence

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-88
Author(s):  
Kate Leader
Keyword(s):  
Fair Trial ◽  
Criminal Trial ◽  
Performance Theory ◽  
Criminal Trials ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Being There ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right

The live presence of a defendant at trial is a long-standing feature of adversarial criminal trial. So much of what constitutes the adversarial method of adjudication is dependent on qualities that arise from this presence: confrontation and demeanor assessment, among other factors, play important roles in how truth is constructed. As such, performative matters—how a defendant enacts and inhabits her role, how she is positioned or silenced-- have long been of concern to legal scholars. These performative concerns are also centrally implicated in defendant rights, such as the right to a fair trial. But today we face new challenges that call into question fundamental beliefs around trials, defendant presence, and fairness. First, technological advances have led to defendants appearing remotely in hearings from the prison in which they are held. Second, the trial itself is arguably vanishing in most adversarial jurisdictions. Third, the use of trials in absentia means that criminal trials may take place in a defendant’s absence; in England and Wales for less serious offenses this can be done without inquiring why a defendant isn’t there. This chapter therefore seeks to understand the performative implications of these challenges by shifting the conversation from presence to absence. What difference does it make if a defendant is no longer there? Does being there facilitate greater fairness, despite the obvious issues of constraint and silencing? Drawing on sociolegal, political, and performance theory the chapter considers the implications of absence in the criminal trial, asking what happens when the defendant disappears.

ASSURANCE OF LEGALITY AND VALIDITY OF THE PROCEDURAL DECISIONS MADE BY THE INVESTIGATOR IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDING

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (71) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Marina Sumbarova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Trial ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Criminal Trials ◽  
Criminal Proceeding ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
Procedural Decisions ◽  
Procedural Instructions

One of participants of criminal trial – the persons directing process, according to the Criminal procedure law (CPL) existing now in Latvia is the investigator. According to point 1 of part 2 of article 29 CPL, it has rights in the order established by the law to make any procedural decision and to make any procedural action or to charge its production to participants of an investigation team or the performer of procedural instructions. In article the author investigates conceptual essence of criminal procedure decisions, the legal characteristic of the resolution of the investigator, decision-making in the form of resolutions on the beginning of criminal trial, refusal to begin criminal trial, and also the resolutions directed on collecting and fixing of proofs in criminal trial and other resolutions. Making procedural decisions is a guarantee of high-quality investigation of criminal trials and observance of the rights of its participants.

scholarly journals Legal Basis of Common Approaches to Object to a Criminal Judgment in Iran and England Penal Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ayatollah Yari ◽  
Hossein Mirmohammad Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Criminal Trials ◽  
Law System ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
The Law ◽  
System Today

One of the basic discussions in criminal procedure code which has a direct relation with defendants’ rights in civil procedure process is the matter of objection to criminal judgments that have seriously changed and transformed after the Islamic Revolution. According to the criticisms received by Iran's legal procedure system, the legislator has tried to make closer their position to the world’s standards in the field of objection to criminal judgments by referring to its former rules especially the law of criminal trials’ principles in the law of criminal procedure code approved in 2013. In addition to the final nature of the sentences in common law system, today, different ways of objection are predicted in England accusatory system. The present research tries to deal with the matter that on the prediction of common ways of objection how much its legal basis is considered and how much Iran and England legislators succeed in this path, in addition to analyzing the real examples of the ordinary ways of projection (objection, research appeal, and review appeal) and legal foundations of each one of them in two penal systems of Iran and England. The results of the cases above can be the guide of Iran's legislator in approving and reforming the regulations related to the objection the votes and approximating the regulations to world’s criteria in this field.

scholarly journals HAKIKAT PEMBUKTIAN MELALUI MEDIA ELEKTRONIK DALAM PRESPEKTIF SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Muslim Mamulai
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Criminal Trial ◽  
Criminal Trials ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Law

Proof via electronic media in criminal trials, still based on the provisions contained in the Code of Criminal Procedure, namely with reference to the theory of proof under the law negatively, but in practice there is still a criminal trial the pros and cons. However, in fact the truth of the witness examination teleconference remain equal value, with a witness who was not present at the trial because the witness has been sworn in. Keywords: Electronic Media in the criminal justice system.   Abstrak Pembuktian melalui media elektronik dalam persidangan pidana, masih didasarkan pada ketentuan yang terdapat dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana, yaitu dengan mengacu pada teori pembuktian berdasarkan hukum secara negatif, tetapi dalam praktiknya masih ada persidangan pidana pro dan kontra. Namun, sebenarnya kebenaran teleconference dari pemeriksaan saksi tetap bernilai sama, dengan saksi yang tidak hadir di persidangan karena telah saksi telah ditetapkan. Kata kunci: media elektronik; sistem; peradilan pidana

scholarly journals HAKIKAT PEMBUKTIAN MELALUI MEDIA ELEKTRONIK DALAM PRESPEKTIF SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Muslim Mamulai
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Criminal Trial ◽  
Criminal Trials ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Law

Proof via electronic media in criminal trials, still based on the provisions contained in the Code of Criminal Procedure, namely with reference to the theory of proof under the law negatively, but in practice there is still a criminal trial the pros and cons. However, in fact the truth of the witness examination teleconference remain equal value, with a witness who was not present at the trial because the witness has been sworn in. Keywords: Electronic Media in the criminal justice system.   Abstrak Pembuktian melalui media elektronik dalam persidangan pidana, masih didasarkan pada ketentuan yang terdapat dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana, yaitu dengan mengacu pada teori pembuktian berdasarkan hukum secara negatif, tetapi dalam praktiknya masih ada persidangan pidana pro dan kontra. Namun, sebenarnya kebenaran teleconference dari pemeriksaan saksi tetap bernilai sama, dengan saksi yang tidak hadir di persidangan karena telah saksi telah ditetapkan. Kata kunci: media elektronik; sistem; peradilan pidana

scholarly journals Legal Regulation of the Activities of the Bodies of the National Police of Ukraine on Ensuring the Exercise of the Right to Freedom of Peaceful Assembly

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
М. А. Самбор
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
The Law ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intention To Exercise ◽  
National Police

Under the conditions set out in Part 2 of Art. 19 of the Constitution of Ukraine of the legal order in Ukraine, according to which state bodies to which the National Police of Ukraine belongs, their officials are obliged to act only on the basis, within the powers and in the manner provided by the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, is usually an important issue regulatory and legal regulation of the activities of the bodies of the National Police of Ukraine on ensuring the exercise of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly. The article examines the legal acts, namely the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police”, the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, as well as the departmental regulatory acts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, the Head of the National Police of Ukraine regarding the right to exercise the right to freedom of peaceful assembly. However, the norms of these acts are too general to organize and ensure the exercise of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly by the National Police of Ukraine. The author believes that the adoption of a separate law on peaceful assembly should be amended accordingly to the Law of Ukraine “On Citizens’ Appeals”, which regulates the authority of the National Police of Ukraine to respond to a message about the intention to exercise the right to peaceful assembly. In addition, the proposed amendments to the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police” will fill in the gaps in the legal regulation of the powers of the National Police of Ukraine to enforce the right to freedom of peaceful assembly.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS REGARDING THE PHASE OF THE PRE-TRIAL CHAMBER PHASE IN THE CRIMINAL TRIAL

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Daniel Creţu ◽  
Camelia Maria Morăreanu
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Trial Chamber ◽  
Criminal Trial ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
The Law ◽  
Trial Phase

            The entrance into force of the new Criminal Procedure Code – namely of the Law No 135/2010 – on the 1st of February 2014, has brought in a series of modifications regarding the so-called “phases of the criminal trial”. This is why, explicitly for the Romanian procedural legislation, was inserted by the legislator, before the trial itself, a pre-trial phase – hearing in the pre-trial chamber. The details of this hearing shall be analyzed below.

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