Morphofunctional State of the Mature Rats Pituitary Gland under Readaptation Conditions to the Long Influence of Heavy Metal Salts Complex and Correction with L-Tocopherol

The purpose of the study was to study the morphofunctional rearrangements of the structural components of the adenohypophysis of sexually mature male rats under the condition of a 30-day period of readaptation to the long-term influence of salts of heavy metals (zinc, copper, iron, manganese, lead and chromium) and taking a corrector drug. Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out on 24 white sexually mature male rats, which were divided into 1 control and 1 experimental group. The experimental group consisted of rats that consumed ordinary drinking water for 30 days after 90 days of receiving water saturated with a combination of heavy metal salts: zinc (ZnSO4 7H2O) – 5 mg / l, copper (CuSO4 5H2O) mg / l, iron (FeSO4) – 10 mg / l, manganese (MnSO4 5H2O) – 0.1 mg / l, lead (Pb (NO3) 2) – 0.1 mg / l and chromium (K2Cr2O7) – 0.1 mg / l and L-tocopherol corrector. Results and discussion. With a 30-day period of readaptation to the action of a complex of salts of heavy metals, combined with the intake of a corrector drug L-tocopherol, morphological rearrangements of a nonspecific polymorphic nature developed in the structural components of the pituitary gland: compensatory hypertrophy and increased vascularization of the pituitary gland were observed, the state of rheological properties of the blood improved, the number of chromophiles increased and the number of chromophobes decreased, the processes of cyst formation disappeared, the stress from the adaptive processes in the glandulocytes of the adenohypophysis decreased, namely their secretory activity, the expression of Hsp90α receptors in the cytoplasm of adenocytes significantly increased. Negative rearrangements include an increased value of the fibrous component of the connective tissue of the intertrabecular spaces, increased collagenization of the wall of veins and capillaries, preservation of stromal edema, plethora of hemocapillaries, the presence of a small number of adenocytes with signs of vacuolization of the cytoplasm, balloon dystrophy. Conclusion. A comprehensive study of the structural components of the adenohypophysis of the test animals under the condition of a 30-day period of readaptation to long periods of consumption of heavy metal salts and correction with L-tocopherol certainly indicate a number of adaptive and regenerative morphofunctional changes aimed at reducing the stress of adaptive processes on the part of the adenohypophysis in response to cancel the action of the stress factor

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Morphofunctional alterations of the adrenal cortex of sexually mature rats under prolonged exposure to heavy metal salts

Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University ◽

10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2019-23(1)-08 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 54-58

Author(s):

N. B. Hryntsova ◽

A.N Romanyuk ◽

V.I. Bumeister ◽

L. I. Kiptenko ◽

N. S. Pernakov

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Adrenal Cortex ◽

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Secretory Activity ◽

The Body ◽

Metal Salts ◽

Male Rats ◽

Zona Fasciculata ◽

Heavy Metal Salts ◽

Sexually Mature

The salts of heavy metals negatively affect the health of the population and cause the development of the pathology of individual organs and systems of the body. Adrenal hormones are one of the key places in regulating and maintaining the basic functions of the body. The aim of the study — the study of morphological rearrangements of the structural components of the adrenal cortex of sexually mature male rats under conditions of prolonged exposure to the combination of heavy metal salts remains relevant and insufficiently studied. The experiment was conducted on 12 animals weighing 250–300 g, aged 7–8 months. Animals of the experimental group used for 90 days the usual drinking water, saturated with a combination of heavy metal salts. Commonly used histological methods of research were used. Long-term admission into the body of sexually-mature rats of a combination of heavy metal salts leads to morphological rearrangements of the stroma, vascular bed, morphology and secretory activity of cells of the adrenal gland, mainly zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. Development in spongy sacs of lipid vacuolar and granular degeneration indicates a weakening of steroidogenesis, which negatively affects the development of compensatory and adaptive processes in the body and the general adaptation syndrome in response to the action of the damaging agent. So, adaptive-compensatory processes in the adrenal cortex with signs of reduced functional activity, characteristic for the initial stages of depletion of the general adaptive syndrome. Prospects for further development are based on conducting studies of adrenal rats in conditions of reparative changes after long periods of influence of the combination of heavy metal salts on the body.

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Heavy Metals and the Mammalian Thymus: In Vivo and In Vitro Investigations

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1177/074823379401000308 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 191-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Wanda Ficek

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Dna Content ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Metal Salts ◽

Male Rats ◽

Lead Chloride ◽

In Vitro Investigation ◽

Heavy Metal Salts

This experiment was performed to investigate changes in the thymus of Wistar-strain male rats administered cadmium chloride (CdCl2), mercuric chloride (HgCl2), and lead chloride (PbCl2) salts. The study involved measurement of: 1) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content; 2) ascorbic acid (vitamin C) content; 3) incorporation of 3h-thymidine during in-vitro investigation; and 4) histological and morphological changes. It was shown in investigations on DNA content that administration of heavy metal salts caused an average 76% decrease in DNA content compared to the control. Moreover, in the thymus of experimental animals, an average 69% decrease in vitamin C content was recorded. In in vitro cultures, heavy metal salts decreased the incorporation of 3H-thymidine in thymic cells.

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Long-term Effect of Water Pollutants (Heavy Metals) on the Morphofunctional State of the Adult Rat's Pituitary Gland

Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini bìologìï ta sportu ◽

10.26693/jmbs06.04.172 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 172-178

Author(s):

N. B. Hryntsova ◽

◽

A. M. Romanyuk

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Pituitary Gland ◽

Adult Male ◽

The Body ◽

Male Rats ◽

Structural Components ◽

Experimental Animals ◽

Experimental Group

In some northern regions of Ukraine there is an increased accumulation of salts of heavy metals in soil and drinking water, which negatively affect the health of the population and become a risk factor for many diseases. The role of the pituitary gland in the regulation of functional disorders of hormonal homeostasis in various pathological conditions is extremely important. The purpose of the study is to study the morphological, morphometric and biochemical rearrangements of the structural components of the adenohypophysis of adult male rats under conditions of long-term exposure to salts of heavy metals. Materials and methods. The experiment was performed on 24 white adult male rats, which were divided into 1 control and 1 experimental group. The experimental group consisted of rats, which for 90 days consumed ordinary drinking water, saturated with a combination of salts of heavy metals: zinc (ZnSO4 · 7H2O) – 5 mg/l, copper (CuSO4 · 5H2O) – 1 mg/l, iron (FeSO4) – 10 mg/l, manganese (MnSO4 · 5H2O) – 0.1 mg/l, lead (Pb (NO3) 2) – 0.1 mg/l and chromium (K2Cr2O7) – 0.1 mg/l. Results and discussion. Long-term effects on the body of experimental animals of salts of heavy metals caused a pronounced compensatory-adaptive changes in the pituitary gland of experimental animals of hypoxic nature. Morphological changes in the organ were accompanied by plethora of venous bed, deterioration of rheological properties of blood, increase in the area of connective tissue component of the gland, violation of histoarchitectonics of epithelial trabeculae, edema in the parenchyma, increase in linear indicators of the pituitary gland. Toxic effects of salts of heavy metals negatively affected the cellular composition of the adenohypophysis: there was an increase in the number of chromophobes and a decrease in the number of chromophilic acidophiles and basophils compared with control animals. At the same time, the increase in linear parameters, area of nuclei and cytoplasm of adenocytes can be attributed both to their compensatory hypertrophy and due to edema processes in the gland caused by deepening hypoxic effects and impaired blood flow from the organ as a result of venous plethora. Conclusion. Morphometric and biochemical parameters of the structural components of the anterior lobe of the adenohypophysis at 90 days of exposure to salts of heavy metals, of course, indicate a significant stress of adaptive processes by the adenohypophysis in response to stressors (salts of heavy metals)

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VARIABILITY OF T-LYMPHOCYTES AND MACROFAGS COMPOSITION IN THE URINARY BLADDER UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF HEAVY METALS SALTS, CORRECTION OF THEIR EFFECT WITH VITAMIN E AND IN THE READAPTATION PERIOD

Reports of Morphology ◽

10.31393/morphology-journal-2018-24(1)-02 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 11-15

Author(s):

V.V. Sikora

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

T Cells ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Urinary Bladder ◽

Metal Salts ◽

Male Rats ◽

Quantitative Composition ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Heavy Metal Salts

In modern urology, it is important to study and understand the features of the development of various pathologies in the organs of the urinary system since the disturbances of the urodynamics is a widespread problem all over the world. Thus, the environment pollution caused by heavy metal salts has unpredictable consequences for the functioning of the urinary bladder. That is why the object of this study is to determine the features of the expression and the quantitative composition of T-cells and macrophages in the UB wall under the intake of the HMS and correction of their effect with vitamin E, as well as during the readaptation period. According to the experimental scenario, the experiment model was implemented by using male rats that were divided into six groups. The heavy metal salts mixture consisted of the most common potentially dangerous metals-microelements (zinc, cooper, iron, manganese, lead and chrome). Vitamin E was chosen as a corrector. To determine the quantitative composition of T-cells and macrophages the immunohistochemical identification by CD3 and CD68 antibodies was used. The main results are presented as M±SD, with the assessment of the differences and dependencies between the groups by using nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient. We found that the number of CD3+ lymphocytes and CD68+ macrophages differed between the groups and depended on the experimental conditions. Thus, the results of our study demonstrate that the number of T-cells and macrophages in the bladder increases under the influence of heavy metals salts. The simultaneous intake of the pollutants and vitamin E is accompanied by the decrease of expression intensity of the corresponding cells. When the intake of the heavy metals is canceled, the qualitative composition of the identified CD3 and CD68 cells gradually comes to the norm, but the speed of its reduction differs depending on the group of the readaptation. Discovered that the decrease of T-cells and macrophages in the groups with the use of vitamin E was more approached to the control. Based on the results of the immunohistochemical study, a strong correlation between an increased number of the expressed T-cells and macrophages was revealed in the urinary bladder during the whole period of the study that demonstrates the dependence of their activity.

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The morphological changes in parathyroid glands, caused simulated prolonged influence of heavy metal salts

Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University ◽

10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2019-23(1)-12 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 80-83

Author(s):

A. Romaniuk ◽

O. Tymakova ◽

J. Lyndina ◽

N. Gryntsova ◽

I. Kravtsova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Statistical Treatment ◽

The Body ◽

Parathyroid Glands ◽

Metal Salts ◽

Male Rats ◽

Heavy Metal Salts ◽

Calcium And Magnesium

The main problem today is environmental pollution with heavy metal salts. Biological activity and their ability to accumulate in the environment and the body leads to the disruption of many systems and organs. Parathyroid glands are important regulators of calcium homeostasis, which affects a lot of physiological processes in the body. Therefore, the work is devoted to the study of the morphological and functional characteristics of the parathyroid glands of laboratory rats under conditions of prolonged use of a combination of heavy metal salts. Study of the peculiarities of the structure and functional activity of the glands was carried out on adult male rats (n = 12). The animals were divided into groups: the first — its control, the second — rats, which received a water solution of a mixture of salts of heavy metals. The material was taken on the 90th day of the experiment. Histological preparations were made 5–7 microns thick, stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Study of the linear parameters of the parathyroid glands was carried out on the largest longitudinal section. The area of the glands and cells, the thickness of the capsule and the layer of connective tissue in the parenchyma of the organ were measured. During the laboratory study of the blood of rats, the content of calcium and magnesium was determined, as well as the activity of parathyroid hormone. Conducted statistical treatment of the data. It has been established that with long-term admission of a combination of salts of heavy metals into the organism of rats leads to morphological changes in the parenchyma and stroma of the glands, there are changes in the content of calcium and magnesium in the biochemical parameters of blood, as well as inhibition of parathormone secretion. In the future, it is planned to study the morphofunctional features of the parathyroid glands in the process of readoptation after consuming a combination of heavy metal salts.

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Cytomorphological indicators of smears-prints of organs of laboratory animals as an additional method for assessing the toxic effect of heavy metal salts in the experiment

Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology ◽

10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-11-860-862 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (11) ◽

pp. 860-862

Author(s):

Renata R. Sakhautdinova ◽

Svetlana V. Klinova ◽

Yuliya V. Gribova

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Imaging System ◽

Subsequent Development ◽

Metal Salts ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Male Rats ◽

Copper Smelting ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Heavy Metal Salts

Introduction. It is known that the influence of lead and cadmium is a risk factor for the health of workers in the copper smelting industry. The relationship between exposure to these metals and the subsequent development of diseases of the urinary system, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular and nervous system of a person was revealed. The study of the effects of lead and cadmium in an experiment on some organs of laboratory animals using the cytological method of smears-prints with morphometric analysis as an Express diagnostic method expands the possibilities of studying the toxic effects of heavy metal salts in various concentrations. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted on outbred male rats (24 individuals in total) with an initial weight of 220-225 g, at the age of 3.5 months. 72 cytological preparations of smears-prints of organs (liver, kidneys) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of rats were studied. The smears were painted with a ready-made Leishman paint solution. Cytological features were studied in a Carl Zeiss Primo Star light binocular microscope with a USCMOS video camera imaging system at magnification of 100x and 1000x. In liver and kidney morphometry, the count was carried out for 200 cells from each drug, MLN for 100 cells. The data of cytomorphological examination of smears-prints of the liver, kidneys and MLN after exposure to cadmium and lead salts in the experiment were obtained. The main changes in the cellular ratios in preparations with subchronic intraperitoneal intoxication are described. Conclusions. The use of the smear-fingerprint method with cytomorphological assessment of cells in the study of the toxic effects of heavy metal salts allows us to obtain additional data on the activity of the pathological process and plays a role in understanding the mechanisms of exposure in the experiment.

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Morphofunctional rearrangements of adrenal cortex of adult rats at the experimental microelementosis

V N Karazin National University Series “Biology” ◽

10.26565/2075-5457-2020-34-15 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Adrenal Cortex ◽

The Body ◽

Metal Salts ◽

Male Rats ◽

Zona Fasciculata ◽

Zona Reticularis ◽

Heavy Metal Salts

Xenobiotics, including salts of heavy metals, determine the development of pathology of individual organs and systems of the body. Adrenal hormones occupy a key place in the regulation and maintenance of the organism basic functions. The study of morphological, biochemical and immunohistochemical changes in the adrenal cortex of pubescent male rats at exposure to the complex of heavy metal salts remains an actual aspect of modern morphology. The experiment involved 24 white adult male rats weighing 250–300 g, aged 7–8 months. The animals of the experimental group consumed ordinary drinking water saturated with a combination of heavy metal salts (Zn, Cu, Fe, Mg, Cr) for 60 days. Histological, biochemical (determination of the content of hormones COR – cortisol, DHS – dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) and immunohistochemical (determination of the expression of proliferation marker Ki-67) methods were used. Long-term consumption of the combination of heavy metals salts by mature rats leads to thickening of the stromal component of the gland, the rupture of capillaries and the violation of rheological properties of blood. Chromatin condensation, its marginal location, and initial stages of necrobiotic changes have been found in the spongiocyte nuclear apparatus. For endocrinocytes of the zona glomerulosa and zona reticularis of the gland, a slight increase in proliferative activity has been revealed, while cells of the zona fasciculata were non-reactive. These results correlate with the results of biochemical research, according to which hormones of the zona reticularis – DHS were actively involved in the formation of adaptive reactions in the body of experimental animals at the 60-day period of administration of the complex of heavy metals salts. The results of complex studies indicate a weakening of the secretory activity of cells of the zona fasciculata, which adversely affects the development of compensatory-adaptive processes in the body and the course of the general adaptation syndrome in response to the action of the damaging agent.

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