scholarly journals Mercado de trabajo, género y especialización oleícola: Mallorca a mediados del siglo XVII

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-69
Author(s):  
Gabriel Jover-Avellà ◽  
Joana Maria Pujades-Mora
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Labour Demand ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Female Occupation

Recently, an intense historiographical debate has developed concerning female participation in rural labour markets and its impact on the gender wage gap before 1800. The underlying hypothesis is that increased participation of women in the labour market should lead to a reduction in the wage gap and a parallel improvement in their life conditions. However, research results to date are inconclusive. This article aims to address some of these issues, using the island of Mallorca during the seventeenth century as a case study. Female par ticipation in the labour market was more intense there than in other Mediterranean and Atlantic regions. In addition, the seasonality of labour demand on the island provoked more instances of collusion than complementarity with regard to agrarian tasks, in contrast with what happened in Atlantic regions. Finally, we also explain why higher rates of female occupation did not necessarily imply a significant reduction of the gender wage gap.

scholarly journals Trade, skill premium and the gender wage gap: Evidence from manufacturing industries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kore Marc Antoine Guei
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Monopolistic Competition ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Skill Premium ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Unskilled Labour ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The paper assesses the impact of trade liberalization on the labour market by focusing on skill wage premium. The paper tests these effects by developing a monopolistic competition model with two factors of production characterized by their skill levels (skilled and unskilled labour). The paper finds that tariff’s level reductions cause a moderate increase in the wage gap. Thus, our analysis shows that a 10% decrease in tariffs is accompanied by a 16.1 % increase in the skill premium. Also, the same level of tariffs’ cut will on average increase the gender wage gap by 26.8%. The study implies that trade liberalization tends to benefit more workers in the skilled labour market compared to workers in the unskilled labour market.

scholarly journals Male–Female Wage Gap and Informal Employment in Bangladesh: A Quantile Regression Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafizur Rahman ◽  
Md. Al-Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Wage Penalty ◽  
Conditional Quantile ◽  
Female Wage ◽  
Quantile Estimates

This article undertakes an examination of Bangladesh’s latest available Quarterly Labour Force Survey 2015–2016 data to draw in-depth insights on gender wage gap and wage discrimination in Bangladesh labour market. The mean wage decomposition shows that on average a woman in Bangladesh earns 12.2 per cent lower wage than a man, and about half of the wage gap can be explained by labour market discrimination against women. Quantile counterfactual decomposition shows that women are subject to higher wage penalty at the lower deciles of the wage distribution with the wage gap varying between 8.3 per cent and 19.4 per cent at different deciles. We have found that at lower deciles, a significant part of the gender wage gap is on account of the relatively larger presence of informal employment. Conditional quantile estimates further reveal that formally employed female workers earn higher wage than their male counterparts at the first decile but suffer from wage penalty at the top deciles. JEL: C21, J31, J46, J70

scholarly journals The Effect of Housework on Wages: A Study of Migrants and Native-Born Individuals in Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Fendel
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Female Labour Market Participation

AbstractTo increase labour market participation among migrants, an increase in female labour market participation is important, with wages being a significant incentive. In research on the gender wage gap, the consideration of housework has been a milestone. Gender differences in housework time have always been much greater among migrants than among native-born individuals. Based on data obtained from the German Socio-Economic Panel from 1995 to 2017, this study questioned whether housework affects the wages of migrant full-time workers differently than those of their native-born counterparts. To consider the possible endogeneity of housework in the wage equation, the analysis estimated, in addition to an OLS model, a hybrid model to estimate within effects. Significant negative effects of housework on wages resulted for migrant women and native-born individuals. The effects for migrant men were significantly smaller or insignificant, which could not be explained by threshold effects. The greater amount of time spent on housework by migrant women than by native-born women will in general lead to a larger wage decrease due to housework for migrant women than for native-born women. The results further showed that the observed variables explained very little of the migrants’ gender wage gap, in contrast to the gap of native-born individuals. Human capital returns, including education and work experiences, were much lower for migrant women than for native-born women, whereas differences in housework equally contributed to the explained share of the gap for both groups, indicating the greater relevance of housework for migrants’ wage gap.

Does the Level of Occupational Aggregation Affect Estimates of the Gender Wage Gap?

ILR Review ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Kidd ◽  
Michael Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Market Activity ◽  
Occupational Differences ◽  
Measure Of Discrimination ◽  
Labour Market Activity ◽  
Related Characteristic ◽  
Activity Survey

The traditional decomposition of the gender wage gap distinguishes between a component attributable to gender differences in productivity-related characteristics and a residual component that is often taken as a measure of discrimination. This study of data from the 1989 Canadian Labour Market Activity Survey shows that when occupation is treated as a productivity-related characteristic, the proportion of the gender wage gap labeled explained increases with the number of occupational classifications distinguished. However, on the basis of evidence that occupational differences reflect the presence of barriers faced by women attempting to enter male-dominated occupations, the authors conclude that occupation should not be treated as a productivity-related characteristic; and in a decomposition of the gender wage gap that treats occupation as endogenously determined, they find that the level of occupational aggregation has little effect on the size of the “explained” component of the gap.

scholarly journals Dynamism in the Gender Wage Gap: Evidence from Pakistan

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (4II) ◽  
pp. 865-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sabir ◽  
Zehra Aftab
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Almost All

One of the main caveats of Pakistan’s economic development history is the persistence of gender inequality with respect to almost all socioeconomic indicators. For instance, Pakistan ranks 66, out of 75 countries, with respect to the Gender Empowerment Measure (Human Development Report, 2006) with a GEM value of 0.377, largely a manifestation of very low estimated female to male earned income ratio, which is a depressing 0.29. GEM and other labour force statistics confirm the gender gap in labour force participation. One of the possible explanations of this gender gap is gender discrimination in the labour market, particularly in wages. Evidence with respect to gender discrimination in Pakistan’s labour market is welldocumented. Siddique, et al. (2006), Nasir and Nazli (2000), Siddique, et al. (1998) and Ashraf and Ashraf (1993) all confirm that men earn higher wages than women even after controlling for measurable characteristics affecting their productivity. These studies, however, analyse the gender wage gap by comparing the mean male/female wage. Studies which compare the gender wage gap at different points along the wage distribution are not available for Pakistan.

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