Determination of the mineral composition of copper ores by X-Ray methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
A. S. Kozlov ◽  
P. S. Chizhov ◽  
V. A. Filichkina ◽  
M. N. Filippov
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Amorphous Phase ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Analytical Control ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ray Methods ◽  
Copper Ores

One of the most difficult tasks of the analytical control of copper ores is the determination of the mineral forms of copper. Currently, for this purpose, iodometric and atomic absorption methods are used with preliminary leaching of various mineral forms. The disadvantage of those methods is a rather complicated sample preparation procedure and significant time of analysis. The most universal method for determining the mineral composition of solid samples is the X-ray diffraction method. However, significant variations in the phase composition of copper ores, overlapping reflections of different phases, the presence of an amorphous phase and structural defects necessitate the development of special approaches. In this work, the presence of an amorphous phase is taken into account by direct calculation of the mass fractions of crystalline phases by the G-factor method. The total copper content is determined by the X-ray fluorescence method. Methodological approaches based on using only X-ray methods are proposed, which exclude the procedures of leaching and dissolution of samples and provide determination of primary and secondary copper sulfides using calibration characteristics (3 min), and gaining data on the complete phase composition at the stage of routine analysis (10 – 15 min) and for research purposes (15 – 20 min). 

scholarly journals Determination of Chromite Sands Suitability for Use in Moulding Sands

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-110
Author(s):  
K. Stec ◽  
J. Podwórny ◽  
B. Psiuk ◽  
Ł. Kozakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Spectroscopy Technique ◽  
X Ray

Abstract Using the available analytical methods, including the determination of chemical composition using wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy technique and phase composition determined using X-ray diffraction, microstructural observations in a highresolution scanning microscope equipped with an X-ray microanalysis system as well as determination of characteristic softening and sintering temperatures using high-temperature microscope, the properties of particular chromite sands were defined. For the study has been typed reference sand with chemical properties, physical and thermal, treated as standard, and the sands of the regeneration process and the grinding process. Using these kinds of sand in foundries resulted in the occurrence of the phenomenon of the molding mass sintering. Impurities were identified and causes of sintering of a moulding sand based on chromite sand were characterized. Next, research methods enabling a quick evaluation of chromite sand suitability for use in the preparation of moulding sands were selected.

Detection Confirmation and Determination of Trace Amounts of Selenium by X-Ray Methods

1963 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 542-554
Author(s):  
Frank L. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Elemental Selenium ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Ray Methods ◽  
Tetravalent State

AbstractRecently, interest in the determination of selenium in trace amounts has been greatly intensified because of the nutritional aspects of this element. It has been reported that selenium in the amount of 13 μg in the form of sodium selenite in 100 g of feed has an effect similar to that of vitamin E. In the field of semiconductors, the detection and determination of trace amounts of selenium in arsenic, antimony, and small single crystals of solid solution of cadmium selenide and sulfide are of considerable importance in semiconductor performance.In the Aerospace Research Laboratories, 4,5 diamino-6-tbiopyi-imidine has been successfully adopted as a reagent for the spectrophotometric determination of selenium. The reaction of 4,5 diamino-6-thiopyrimidine and tetxavalent selenium produces a yellow color with the formation of elemental selenium. It is possible to determine elemental selenium by collecting it in a thin layer. The selenium deposited in this layer may then be determined by an X-ray fluorescence method. A procedure of this nature has the advantage of eliminating the matrix effects commonly encountered in X-ray fluorescence. Furthermore, the slow generation of selenium affords a convenient means of detection and confirmation of this element by the use of X-ray diffraction procedures. By this technique selenium is first converted to its tetravalent state and is then reacted with 4,5 diamino-6-thiopyrimidine. On standing, the selenium is reduced to a red precipitate of elemental selenium which can be dissolved in carbon disulfide. Finally, the selenium can be converted into its hexagonal structure by annealing at 205-207°C.

Determination of minerals in platinum concentrates from the Transvaal by X-ray methods

1932 ◽  
Vol 23 (138) ◽  
pp. 188-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Bannister
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
Early Analysis ◽  
Aqua Regia ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ray Methods ◽  
Platinum Mineral ◽  
Insoluble Portion

Concentrates from the platiniferous norites of the Bushveld, Transvaal, are not completely soluble in aqua regia. The insoluble portion consists of steel-grey fragments first analysed chemically by R. A. Cooper and considered by him to be a new platinum mineral represented by the formula Pt(As,S)2. The name cooperite was proposed for the new mineral by F. Wartenweiller, and after further work Cooper decided that the arsenic found in the early analysis was due to the presence of sperrylite, and he changed the formula to PtS2. H. Schneiderhöhn observed simple twinning and, less frequently, polysynthetie lamellae on polished sections of mineral grains from the same deposits, and he suggested that cooperite is probably orthorhombic and isomorphous with marcasite. The latest account of the new mineral has been published by H. R. Adam who gave several analyses of cooperite from the Rustenburg and Potgietersrust districts and concluded that the ‘mineral is PtS2 with a small amount of excess metal (platinum, palladium, and nickel) present in solid solution’.

scholarly journals Crystallographic studies of meteoric iron

1939 ◽  
Vol 238 (794) ◽  
pp. 393-421 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cubic Lattice ◽  
Principal Axes ◽  
Ray Methods

The first study of meteoric iron by X-ray methods was undertaken at the instigation of Professor S. W. J. Smith, F.R.S. some years ago. This research (Young 1926) resulted not only in the determination of the crystal structures of two of the main constituents, kamacite and taenite, but also in the important discovery of the nature of the mutual orientations of these constituents when the meteorite exhibits a Widmanstätten structure. As is well known, the Widmanstätten figures in meteorites arise from the arrangement of kamacite lamellae on the planes of an octahedron, and for that reason a meteorite exhibiting these figures is generally referred to as an octahedrite. The kamacite lamellae, therefore, fix the {I I I}-planes of a hypothetical cubic lattice whose principal axes, XYZ , will be referred to as “ the axes of the octahedrite”.

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