Equations for predicting internal log defect measurements of common Appalachian hardwoods

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Appalachian Hardwoods

scholarly journals Nanofibrillated Cellulose from Appalachian Hardwoods Logging Residues as Template for Antimicrobial Copper

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Hassanzadeh ◽  
Ronald Sabo ◽  
Alan Rudie ◽  
Richard Reiner ◽  
Roland Gleisner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Metallic Copper ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
Tempo Oxidation ◽  
Mechanical Fibrillation ◽  
Appalachian Hardwoods

TEMPO nanofibrillated cellulose (TNFC) from two underutilized Appalachian hardwoods, Northern red oak (Quercus rubra) and yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), was prepared to determine its feasibility to be used as template for antimicrobial metallic copper particles. In addition, a comparison of the TNFC from the two species in terms of their morphological, chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties was also performed. The woody biomass was provided in the form of logging residue from Preston County, West Virginia. A traditional kraft process was used to produce the pulp followed by a five-stage bleaching. Bleached pulps were then subjected to a TEMPO oxidation process using the TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system to facilitate the final mechanical fibrillation process and surface incorporation of metallic copper. The final TNFC diameters for red oak and yellow poplar presented similar dimensions, 3.8±0.74 nm and 3.6±0.85 nm, respectively. The TNFC films fabricated from both species exhibited no statistical differences in both Young’s modulus and the final strength properties. Likely, after the TEMPO oxidation process both species exhibited similar carboxyl group content, of approximately 0.8 mmol/g, and both species demonstrated excellent capability to incorporate antimicrobial copper on their surfaces.

Prism Cruising Coefficients for Appalachian Hardwoods Biomass

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-26
Author(s):  
W. B. Stuart ◽  
R. G. Oderwald ◽  
E. C. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Weight Estimation ◽  
Winter Condition ◽  
Summer Condition ◽  
Volume Equation ◽  
Appalachian Hardwoods

Abstract Coefficients were developed to convert directly from prism-cruising tally sheets to tons of biomass per acre for Appalachian hardwood stands. It was found that 10 square feet of basal area per acre represent 12 tons per acre in the summer condition and 11 tons per acre in the winter condition. Coefficients for point cruising with diameter obviation are also presented. The D2H volume equation form was sufficient for weight estimation.

scholarly journals Double Sampling Saves Time When Cruising Appalachian Hardwoods

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Merten ◽  
Harry V. Wiant ◽  
John C. Rennie
Keyword(s):  
Standard Errors ◽  
Double Sampling ◽  
Point Sampling ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
Volume Estimates ◽  
Appalachian Hardwoods

Abstract Simulations based on data collected in five Appalachian hardwood sawtimber-size stands indicate double sampling using point sampling (BAF 10 and 20) compared to conventional point sampling would save 24 to 47% of time in the field. There was no significant bias in volume estimates using double sampling, and standard errors were within about 1% of those obtained with conventional point sampling. North. J. Appl. For. 13(3):116-118.

scholarly journals A Comparison of the Arithmetic and Geometric Means in Estimating Stump Diameter, Basal Area, and Volume in Appalachian Hardwoods

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry V. Wiant ◽  
John R. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Geometric Means ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Appalachian Hardwoods ◽  
Stump Diameter

Abstract The difference between the use of the arithmetic and geometric means for estimation of average stump diameter, stump cross-sectional area and estimated tree volume was investigated using measurements from 739 stumps from an Appalachian hardwood stand located in central West Virginia. Although average stump diameter, cross-sectional area, and tree volumes were statistically different between estimates based on the arithmetic and geometric mean diameter, these differences were of little practical significance. The difference in average stem diameter, cross-sectional area, tree cubic volume, and board foot volume were 0.05 in, 0.01 ft2, 0.45 ft3, and 2.41 bd ft, respectively.

Computer Corner: Minimize Field Time when Cruising Appalachian Hardwoods

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry V. Wiant ◽  
Charles W. Gambill
Keyword(s):  
Appalachian Hardwoods

Selection Management in Southern Appalachian Hardwoods

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lino Della-Bianca ◽  
Donald E. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Selection System ◽  
Understory Species ◽  
Southern Appalachian ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
The Status ◽  
Appalachian Hardwoods ◽  
Diameter Classes

Abstract A woodland tract of southern Appalachian cove hardwoods and mixed oak has been managed under the selection system of silviculture since 1946. Simply cutting in all commercial diameter classes (i.e., 6.0 inches and larger), as was the practice during the first 24 years, failed to develop enough desirable saplings and poles to maintain the system. After 1970, herbicide treatment of undesirable, tolerant understory species in openings created by removal of large trees or groups of trees has improved the status of desirable saplings. Although long-term costs of management and yields are uncertain, the study suggests that creation of larger openings and treatment of undesirable understory species offers at least a chance for success with the selection system in southern Appalachian hardwoods.

scholarly journals Ecoregion-Based Local Volume Equations for Appalachian Hardwoods

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Brooks ◽  
Harry V. Wiant
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Central Appalachia ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Forest Service ◽  
Simple Power Function ◽  
Appalachian Hardwoods ◽  
Volume Equations

Abstract Local merchantable board foot, cubic foot, and weight equations are developed for six economically important hardwood species in central Appalachia. Equations were based on a simple power function and were fit to volumes from the US Forest Service Forest Inventory Analysis data for West Virginia and parts of Ohio, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and Kentucky. Five ecoregions were identified and the volume equations were tested to determine whether differences by ecoregion were statistically significant. Results varied by species, volume type, and ecoregion. Average bias between a single-species region-wide model and specific ecoregion forms ranged from −9.1 to 8.5% for gross board foot volume (International ¼ in.), −3.5 to 9.2% for gross merchantable cubic foot volume, and −9.5 to 16.7% for merchantable drybole weight (pounds).

Stomatal distribution and size in southern Appalachian hardwoods

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1153-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley B. Carpenter ◽  
Naomi D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Shade Tolerance ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Stomatal Frequency ◽  
Asimina Triloba ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Southern Appalachian ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Quercus Palustris ◽  
Shade Leaves ◽  
Appalachian Hardwoods

In 1972 and 1973 a scanning electron microscope was used to study stomata and cuticular surfaces of shade leaves collected from trees growing in the mountain and eastern coalfield region of Kentucky. Stomatal frequency and size determinations are presented for about 50 southern Appalachian forest species. Stomata varied from 6534/cm2 in Asimina triloba to 90 909/cm2 in Quercus palustris. Mesic species had fewer stomata per unit leaf surface area than xeric species. Stomatal frequency was not related to shade tolerance. The largest stomata (35 microns (μ)) were found in Populus gileadensis while the smallest (5μ) occurred in Quercus coccinea.

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