Qualifications and Internal Checks versus Independent Proof of Structural Design

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfram Jäger
Keyword(s):  
Project Scheduling ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Static Equilibrium ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Intense Debate

Against the background of European standardisation of structural engineering principles, there is intense debate about the extent to which self-regulation and internal inspections can replace independent inspection of calculations relating to static equilibrium, project scheduling and execution of construction work by a third party. There is also discussion about whether the likelihood of errors decreases and, to a certain extent, whether errors would be unlikely or would not have a significant effect on the stability of buildings, as engineers become better qualified. This contribution examines both questions and gives examples from the author’s practical experience.

scholarly journals On Matters Needing Attention in Building Structure Design

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Ruiping Huo
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Building Structure ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Building Technology ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Technology And Design

<p>Although there have been good developments in China’s construction industry with increasing building technology and design levels, there are still some issues that require attention and to be solved by designers in constructing structure designs. The stability of building structure and the quality of construction can only be ensured with continual rectifying and solving problems in structural design. In this study, the discussion examines some design problems encountered in actual construction work.</p>

scholarly journals On Matters Needing Attention in Building Structure Design

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Ruiping Huo
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Building Structure ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Building Technology ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Technology And Design

<p>Although there have been good developments in China’s construction industry with increasing building technology and design levels, there are still some issues that require attention and to be solved by designers in constructing structure designs. The stability of building structure and the quality of construction can only be ensured with continual rectifying and solving problems in structural design. In this study, the discussion examines some design problems encountered in actual construction work.</p>

Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia During Sleep and Waking

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Stoakley ◽  
Karen J. Mathewson ◽  
Louis A. Schmidt ◽  
Kimberly A. Cote
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Affective Style ◽  
Waking State ◽  
Optimal Period ◽  
The Stability

Abstract. Resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is related to individual differences in waking affective style and self-regulation. However, little is known about the stability of RSA between sleep/wake stages or the relations between RSA during sleep and waking affective style. We examined resting RSA in 25 healthy undergraduates during the waking state and one night of sleep. Stability of cardiac variables across sleep/wake states was highly reliable within participants. As predicted, greater approach behavior and lower impulsivity were associated with higher RSA; these relations were evident in early night Non-REM (NREM) sleep, particularly in slow wave sleep (SWS). The current research extends previous findings by establishing stability of RSA within individuals between wake and sleep states, and by identifying SWS as an optimal period of measurement for relations between waking affective style and RSA.

Resource allocation for robust project scheduling

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Klimek ◽  
P. Łebkowski
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Project Scheduling ◽  
Formal Description ◽  
Resource Allocation Problem ◽  
Flow Network ◽  
Robust Scheduling ◽  
Resource Flow ◽  
Precise Analysis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Robustness Metrics

Resource allocation for robust project schedulingThe paper presents a formal description of the resource allocation problem for resource-constrained project scheduling. A schedule can be executed by various resource flow networks which may differ in terms of resistance to disruptions occurring during project execution. The authors define such criteria of evaluating a resource flow network which can be more useful than robustness metrics used so far in the research. The authors discuss the importance of robust scheduling for execution projects and propose metrics for resource allocation robustness which take into consideration the stability of the final schedule. Those metrics make it possible to carry out a more precise analysis concerning the properties of the resource flow network in terms of its robustness to disruptions in comparison with a well known flexibility indicator,flex.

On the Stability of Plasma in Static Equilibrium

1958 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Kruskal ◽  
C. R. Oberman
Keyword(s):  
Static Equilibrium ◽  
The Stability

Comparison analysis on the bilateral efforts of farmers and the third-party organization under multiple contract modes

Kybernetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 818-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanying Sun ◽  
Xiaoyan Li
Keyword(s):  
System Theory ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Purchase Price ◽  
Party Organization ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Agricultural Supply

Purpose The purpose of this paper is under the analysis framework of the system theory, analyzing the optimal contract mode of agricultural supply chain to guarantee the stability of agricultural supply chain and the equilibrium of agricultural product market, to analyze the effect of farmers’ risk attitude on the selection of contract modes and to find the way to encourage farmers’ productive effort and to avoid farmers’ hitchhiking behavior, to guarantee the stability of agricultural supply chain. Design/methodology/approach Under the guidance of the system theory, using the Stackelberg model and the nonlinear programming theory, this paper comparatively analyzes farmers’ effort (productive effort and sales effort), farmers’ income and the stability of agricultural supply system of four types of contract modes between farmers, third-party organizations and market. Findings First, in the agricultural market, market-type contract cannot maximize farmers’ income. The main reason is that farmers do not have enough ability to avoid market risk and to bargain. Second, for farmers of risk seeking, choosing a market-type contract and secondary-income contract can increase their income. Third, under the fixed-purchase price contract, the hitchhiking behavior would happen. Fourth, when farmers’ productive efforts are the same, farmers’ income under the secondary-income contract is higher than under the fixed-purchase price contract. Because under the secondary-income contract, farmers have the opportunity to obtain the secondary distribution of benefits, farmers’ hitchhiking behavior could be avoided. Originality/value Analyzing the contract modes between farmers and the third-party organization in the agricultural market could reduce the influence of price fluctuation, avoid the uncertainty of the relationship between the supply and demand, stimulate the productive effort of farmers and provide theoretical guidance for establishing efficient and stable agricultural supply system.

scholarly journals Dynamic population stage structure due to juvenile–adult asymmetry stabilizes complex ecological communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. e2023709118
Author(s):  
André M. de Roos
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Stage Structure ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Species Interaction ◽  
Interaction Matrix ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
The Stability

Natural ecological communities are diverse, complex, and often surprisingly stable, but the mechanisms underlying their stability remain a theoretical enigma. Interactions such as competition and predation presumably structure communities, yet theory predicts that complex communities are stable only when species growth rates are mostly limited by intraspecific self-regulation rather than by interactions with resources, competitors, and predators. Current theory, however, considers only the network topology of population-level interactions between species and ignores within-population differences, such as between juvenile and adult individuals. Here, using model simulations and analysis, I show that including commonly observed differences in vulnerability to predation and foraging efficiency between juvenile and adult individuals results in up to 10 times larger, more complex communities than observed in simulations without population stage structure. These diverse communities are stable or fluctuate with limited amplitude, although in the model only a single basal species is self-regulated, and the population-level interaction network is highly connected. Analysis of the species interaction matrix predicts the simulated communities to be unstable but for the interaction with the population-structure subsystem, which completely cancels out these instabilities through dynamic changes in population stage structure. Common differences between juveniles and adults and fluctuations in their relative abundance may hence have a decisive influence on the stability of complex natural communities and their vulnerability when environmental conditions change. To explain community persistence, it may not be sufficient to consider only the network of interactions between the constituting species.

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