Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia During Sleep and Waking

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Stoakley ◽  
Karen J. Mathewson ◽  
Louis A. Schmidt ◽  
Kimberly A. Cote
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Affective Style ◽  
Waking State ◽  
Optimal Period ◽  
The Stability

Abstract. Resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is related to individual differences in waking affective style and self-regulation. However, little is known about the stability of RSA between sleep/wake stages or the relations between RSA during sleep and waking affective style. We examined resting RSA in 25 healthy undergraduates during the waking state and one night of sleep. Stability of cardiac variables across sleep/wake states was highly reliable within participants. As predicted, greater approach behavior and lower impulsivity were associated with higher RSA; these relations were evident in early night Non-REM (NREM) sleep, particularly in slow wave sleep (SWS). The current research extends previous findings by establishing stability of RSA within individuals between wake and sleep states, and by identifying SWS as an optimal period of measurement for relations between waking affective style and RSA.

Measures of RSA Suppression, Attentional Control, and Negative Affect Predict Self-Ratings of Executive Functions

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Healy ◽  
Aaron Treadwell ◽  
Mandy Reagan
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Executive Processes ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Low Levels

The current study was an attempt to determine the degree to which the suppression of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and attentional control were influential in the ability to engage various executive processes under high and low levels of negative affect. Ninety-four college students completed the Stroop Test while heart rate was being recorded. Estimates of the suppression of RSA were calculated from each participant in response to this test. The participants then completed self-ratings of attentional control, negative affect, and executive functioning. Regression analysis indicated that individual differences in estimates of the suppression of RSA, and ratings of attentional control were associated with the ability to employ executive processes but only when self-ratings of negative affect were low. An increase in negative affect compromised the ability to employ these strategies in the majority of participants. The data also suggest that high attentional control in conjunction with attenuated estimates of RSA suppression may increase the ability to use executive processes as negative affect increases.

Psychophysiological influences on personality trajectories in adolescent females exposed to child maltreatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 1390-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raha Hassan ◽  
Harriet L. MacMillan ◽  
Masako Tanaka ◽  
Louis A. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Psychophysiological Measures

AbstractAlthough child maltreatment is a major public health concern, which adversely affects psychological and physical development, we know relatively little concerning psychophysiological and personality factors that may modify risk in children exposed to maltreatment. Using a three-wave, short-term prospective design, we examined the influence of individual differences in two disparate psychophysiological measures of risk (i.e., resting frontal brain electrical activity and respiratory sinus arrhythmia) on the trajectories of extraversion and neuroticism in a sample of female adolescents (N = 55; M age = 14.02 years) exposed to child maltreatment. Adolescents exposed to child maltreatment with relatively higher left frontal absolute alpha power (i.e., lower brain activity) at rest exhibited increasing trajectories of extraversion, and adolescents exposed to child maltreatment with relatively lower respiratory sinus arrhythmia at rest displayed increasing trajectories of neuroticism over 1 year. Individual differences in psychophysiological measures indexing resting central and peripheral nervous system activity may therefore differentially influence personality characteristics in adolescent females exposed to child maltreatment.

scholarly journals Parent conflict predicts infants' vagal regulation in social interaction

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginger A. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Vagal Tone ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Parent Conflict ◽  
Still Face Paradigm

AbstractParent conflict during infancy may affect rapidly developing physiological regulation. To examine the association between parent conflict and infants' vagal tone functioning, mothers (N = 48) reported levels of parent conflict and their 6-month-old male and female infants' respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was measured in the still-face paradigm. Higher parent conflict was related to lower RSA at baseline and each episode of the still-face paradigm. Infants in relatively higher conflict families showed attenuated RSA withdrawal in response to mothers' disengagement and attenuated RSA activation when interacting with mothers. Findings suggest atypical RSA regulation and reliance on self-regulation for infants in families with moderate levels of parent conflict. Implications for later development and future research are discussed.

Self-regulation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo A. Reyes del Paso ◽  
Juan Godoy ◽  
Jaime Vila
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia

scholarly journals Multigenerational links between mothers' experiences of autonomy in childhood and preschoolers' respiratory sinus arrhythmia: Variations by maltreatment status

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4pt2) ◽  
pp. 1443-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K. Noll ◽  
Caron A. C. Clark ◽  
Elizabeth A. Skowron
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Strange Situation ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Social Exchanges ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Capacity

AbstractDespite burgeoning evidence linking early exposure to child maltreatment (CM) to deficits in self-regulation, the pathways to strong regulatory development in these children are not well understood, and significant heterogeneity is observed in their outcomes. Experiences of autonomy may play a key role in transmitting self-regulatory capacity across generations and help explain individual differences in maltreatment outcomes. In this study, we investigated multigenerational associations between Generation 1 (G1)–Generation 2 (G2) mothers' early experience of warmth and autonomy in relation to their own mothers and their Generation 3 (G3) children's autonomic physiological regulation in CM (n= 85) and non-CM (n= 128) families. We found that G2 mothers who recalled greater autonomy in their childhood relationship with their G1 mothers had preschool-age G3 children with higher respiratory sinus arrhythmia at baseline when alone while engaged in individual challenge tasks, during social exchanges with their mother in joint challenge tasks, and during the portions of the strange situation procedure when the mother was present. Although no clear mediators of this association emerged, multigenerational links among G1–G2 relations, maternal representations of her child, child behavior, and child respiratory sinus arrhythmia differed by maltreatment status, thus possibly representing important targets for future research and intervention.

scholarly journals Associations between Infant-Mother Physiological Synchrony and 4- to 6-Month-Old Infants’ Emotion Regulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew H. Abney ◽  
Elizabeth B. daSilva ◽  
Bennett I. Bertenthal
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Physiological Synchrony ◽  
The Face ◽  
Still Face Paradigm

AbstractIn this study we assessed whether physiological synchrony between infants and mothers contributes to infants’ emotion regulation following a mild social stressor. Infants between 4- to 6-months of age and their mothers were tested in the Face-to-Face-Still-Face paradigm, and were assessed for behavioral and physiological self-regulation during and following the stressor. Physiological synchrony was calculated from a continuous measure of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) enabling us to cross-correlate the infants’ and mothers’ RSA responses. Without considering physiological synchrony, the evidence suggested that infants’ distress followed the prototypical pattern of increasing during the Still Face episode and then decreasing during the Reunion episode. Once physiological synchrony was added to the model, we observed that infants’ emotion regulation improved if mother-infant synchrony was positive, but not if it was negative. This result was qualified further by whether or not infants suppressed their RSA response during the Still Face episode. In sum, these findings highlight how individual differences in infants’ physiological responses contribute significantly to their self-regulation abilities.

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