The Moscow City Council During the Revolution

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
L. F. Pisar'kova
Keyword(s):  
City Council ◽  
Moscow City ◽  
The Revolution

Chronicle

1930 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 855-859
Keyword(s):  
Medical Personnel ◽  
City Council ◽  
Advanced Training ◽  
State Institute ◽  
Moscow City ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Academic Year

The Collegium of the NKZdrav of the RSFSR recognized it necessary to create a State Institute of Physicians in Moscow from the next academic year. The Presidium of the Moscow City Council also decided to reorganize the advanced training courses for doctors into the Institute of Medical Personnel. The Institute will be based on the institutes and preventive institutions of the NKZdrav and the Moscow Soviet.

scholarly journals Inimohvritega revolutsioonisündmused Eesti linnades 1905. aastal

2020 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-28
Author(s):  
Lauri Kann
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Government ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
City Council ◽  
City Government ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
The People ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
The Revolution

The Revolution of 1905 had an enormous impact on many nations in the Russian Empire. In order to study the society of the Russian Empire during the Revolution of 1905, many aspects need to be considered. Besides political and social changes, it is also important to study how and why violence occurred during the Revolution. Violence had many sources in the Revolution of 1905 in the Russian Empire. One such source was the revolutionary political parties, whichsaw acts of violence as a means for realising their political agenda. Revolutionary parties formed armed groups, which attacked the authorities and other people. Bombs exploded in many places. Revolutionaries also gave speeches and printed various texts calling upon the masses to engage in violence against the authorities. The authorities also used violence in situations where it was unnecessary for defending themselves or protecting the lives of others. On many occasions, soldiers opened fire on political demonstrations or crowds of strikers. Although the authorities finally managed to supress the Revolution using violence, it is also evident that during the Revolution, the use of violence by the authorities played a role in the radicalisation of the revolutionary movement. It is well known that the shooting of demonstrators in St Petersburg on 9 January 1905 became a catalyst for the Revolution. Later, similar events took place in many parts of the Russian Empire. In many areas of the Empire (Poland, Latvia, etc.), large numbers of people were killed by the authorities and by the people participating in the revolutionary movement. This study reveals that almost all of the people who were killed during the Revolution of 1905 in Estonia died at the hands of the authorities. There were 102 known victims of the Revolution in Estonian towns, and all of them were killed by the authorities. Most of them died on 16 October when soldiers opened fire on a peaceful workers’ demonstration in Tallinn. There was a total of five revolutionary events in Estonian towns where people were killed. Three of them took place in Tallinn, one in Tartu and one in Narva. All five events took place during workers’ strikes. Events in the countryside need to be investigated more thoroughly, but as far as is known, it seems to have been extremely rare for revolutionaries or participants in uprisings to kill anyone in the countryside as well. We know with certainty that only one German landlord (Arthur von Baranoff) was killed in Estonia in 1905. The punitive squads that were sent to Estonia by the authorities in December of 1905 killed hundreds of people. So although the events in the countryside need further research in order to obtain more reliable data, it is clear that most of the victims of the Revolution of 1905 in the countryside were killed by the authorities. It is exceedingly difficult to point out exactly why the revolutionary movement in Estonia was less violent than in many other areas of the Russian Empire. Estonia and Latvia were in a relatively similar political situation, but the Revolution became much more violent in Latvia. This may be due to the fact that the socialist movement was not as widespread in Estonia as it was in Latvia. Socialist organisations in Estonia were also weaker than in Latvia. An event already occurred on 13 January in Riga in which soldiers opened fire on a crowd of people. It is possible that this contributed to the early radicalisation of the revolutionary movement in Latvia. Tallinn’s City Council may also have played an important role in keeping the peace. Estonians had won election to the City Council of Tallinn for the first time in 1904. It is likely that Estonian workers found it easier to communicate with the Tallinn’s municipal government than Riga workers with their local city government that was still dominated by Germans. Tallinn’s municipal government did not position itself against the workers’ movement and in some cases tried to work together with the representatives of the workers. It is possible that this also played an important role in revolutionary events in Tallinn.

‘Galvanize the Streets to Life with Joy of Celebration.’ V. E. Meyerhold and Demonstration Decoration

2018 ◽  
pp. 1103-1114
Author(s):  
Elena V. Barysheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
October Revolution ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Festive Culture ◽  
Theatrical Performance ◽  
Moscow City ◽  
15Th Anniversary ◽  
The Revolution

The avant-garde director V. E. Meyerhold accepted the ideas of the October Revolution of 1917 with enthusiasm. His search for new theatrical forms seemed interconnected with agitation mass art and grandiose festivities on the days of revolutionary holidays in particular. The article sequentially reviews several documents on preparation of the 15th anniversary of the October Revolution (1932) and activities of the Central Art Commission (the October Commission) under the Moscow Soviet. V. Meyerhold took part in the work of the Commission. In his report ‘On artistic design of demonstrations,’ Meyerhold underscored main features of the demonstration, he assessed stage space for theatrical presentation of the holiday within the urban landscape and conditional and imaginative idiom of the theatrical performance scenography as parts of the festive culture stylistics. A tradition and rituals of celebrating the revolution anniversaries had already taken shape by 1930s. V. Meyerhold evinced the causes of mistakes inherent in all festive events of 1930s, such as passivity and even apathy of participants, clich?s in design, redundancy of slogans. Moreover, he made recommendations for decorating festive demonstrations and even city squares, streets, and houses. Following the meeting of the Moscow City Committee of the VKP(B) and of the Mossovet (Moscow Soviet of People's Deputies), a series of methodological recommendations and guidelines on the procedure for conducting and decorating holiday demonstrations was written. The main idea was to involve the demonstrators themselves in the festive events, to engage massoviks (organizers of popular cultural and recreational activities), athletes, entertainers, harmonists, chorus, orchestra, to use allegorical signs and emblems. And yet all activities were controlled and coordinated by central and district commissions, whose function was to instruct factories to organize demonstration columns with stylistic and topical continuity.

scholarly journals Political Discussions of the Deputies of the Moscow Council on Overcoming the Constitutional Crisis of Government in Russia in 1993

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Dmitriy V. Plyuyko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
City Council ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Moscow City

The purpose of this article is to identify possible ways out of the complicated political situation associated with the constitutional crisis of 1993 in Russia based on the analysis of the transcript of the meeting of the seventeenth extraordinary session of the Moscow city Council (the Council). Based on previously unpublished archival materials, the author reveals the main options for overcoming the constitutional crisis of 1993, which were proposed by the deputies of the Moscow city Council. The study of archival material found that the deputies proposed all possible scenarios for the development of the situation, from radical to mutually acceptable.

Ensuring the right to housing for police officers at different historical stages of Russian state development

2021 ◽  
pp. 741-751
Author(s):  
Yuliya A. Kanayeva
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
City Council ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Housing Provision ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Contract Of Employment ◽  
Moscow City ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century

We draw attention to the peculiarities of development of right to housing by police officers since 1718 (the official formation of the police) and indicate how this right was implemented until this year. Thus, until 1718, persons in the civil service, as a rule, consisted of boyars, nobles, etc., and they were provided with housing. The officers performing police functions were elected from black settlements, respectively, they did not have their own housing, so they were given official housing at their place of service. We emphasize that a new stage in the development of police began in 1718, when the post of the St. Petersburg General-Chief of Police was established. However, the relevant normative legal acts regulating the housing provision of employees were not adopted. It is indicated that in the 19th century, compensation was paid to police officers. At the same time, according to the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire in 1857, police officers could conclude a contract of employment, and subsequently, after the publication of the Law of June 23, 1912 “On the Right of Building”, the middle class was protected from taking a large payment from them. for housing. Attention is focused on the fact that after the October Revolution of 1917, in 1922, the Moscow City Council decided to release all employees of the Moscow police from paying utility bills. The right to housing was also ensured after the collapse of the USSR and the reform of the department, taking into account the adoption of the Federal Law of February 7, 2011 No. 3-FL “On the Police”.

The Revolution that Failed

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Rittenhouse Green
Keyword(s):  
The Revolution
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