scholarly journals Contents of Zn, Cu, Mn and Se in Milk in Relation to their Concentrations in Blood, Milk Yield and Stage of Lactation in Dairy Cattle

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pechová ◽  
L. Pavlata ◽  
R. Dvořák ◽  
E. Lokajová
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk

The objective of the study was to assess the effect of actual daily milk production and lactation stage on concentrations of Zn, Mn, Cu and Se in milk, and monitor correlations between milk and blood concentrations of these microelements. The study was performed in a herd of Holstein cattle with the average milk yield of 8,562 kg. Thirty-five dairy cows housed in one group were included in the study. Blood and milk samples were taken during two separate milk yield checks done 4 weeks apart. Actual milk production of monitored cows ranged from 19.6 to 62.6 l daily. For lactation stages we evaluated results of examinations performed from 7 to 188 days of lactation. Blood examinations showed that the cows included in our study had good supplementation with the microelements in question. Milk concentrations of individual microelements were as follows: 3855.2 ± 814.7 μg/l of Zn; 36.3 ± 14.4 μg/l of Cu; 20.1 ± 8.3 μg/l of Mn, and 28.6 ± 7.1 μg/l of Se. The effect of daily milk production on milk concentrations of the microelements was identified only for copper (r = -0.302, p ⪬ 0.05). The variable of days of lactation (not considering days of the colostrum period) showed a positive correlation in manganese (r = 0.419, p ⪬ 0.01); copper and selenium showed negative correlations (Cu: r = -0.258, p ⪬ 0.05; Se: r = -0.277, p ⪬ 0.05). The daily milk production influenced negatively only Cu concentration in milk, but Se, Zn and Mn was not influenced.With advancing lactation after colostrum period the concentration of Mn in milk raised, the concentration of Cu and Se declined and the concentration of Zn was unchanged.

scholarly journals Siyah Alaca İneklerde Meme Ölçülerinin Somatik Hücre Sayısı ve Günlük Süt Verimi Üzerine Etkisi

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayhan Ceyhan ◽  
Mahmut Çınar ◽  
Ugur Serbester
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of udder measurements group on somatic cell count (SCC) and daily milk production. Milk samples and udder measurements were collected monthly from 79 lactating Holstein cows on commercial dairy in the province of Niğde. In the study, front teat length (FTL), rear teat length (RTL), front teat diameter (FTD), rear teat diameter (RTD), distance between front teats (DBFT), distance between rear teats (DBRT), front udder height, (FTH), rear udder height (RUH), distance between front and rear teats (DBST) were obtained in before afternoon milking. Udder measurements were divided into 5 groups according to the measurements. The effect of DBFT, DBRT, FTH, RTD, FTD and DBRT groups on daily milk production were statistically significant, while FTH, RUH and DBRT were found non-significant. The effect of udder measurements groups on SCC was found not significant, except rear teat diameter (RTD). Average daily milk production and SCC were estimated as 28.25 kg/day and 274.90 cell/ml, respectively. In conclusion, it can be said that the distance between teats, teat’s diameter and front udder height of Holstein cattle is important factor for milk yield of Holstein dairy cattle. Also, SCC is effected by rear teat diameter.

scholarly journals Factors affecting goat milk yield and its composition

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 465-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ciappesoni ◽  
JPřibyl ◽  
M. Milerski ◽  
V. Mareš
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Daily Milk

The aim of the paper was to prove the accuracy of various statistical models of vari­ance analysis for estimation of systematic factors that influence milk yield and fat and protein content in dairy goats. Data on daily milk production recorded by methods AT, AC or A4 for the population of Czech White Shorthaired Goats over 1992–2002 was used for calculations. A total of 78 736 test day from 6 234 goats were analysed. Average daily milk production was 3.09 kg with 3.72% of fat and 2.84% of protein. Variability of examined traits was significantly influenced by effects of herd-year or herd-test day, litter size, parity, season of kidding, stage of lactation and the combined effect parity-year-season of kidding. The variants of model equations in which complex effects of herd-year were replaced by effects of herd-test day showed higher values of reliability for the three traits analysed.  

Influence of milk yield, stage of lactation, and body condition on dairy cattle lying behaviour measured using an automated activity monitoring sensor

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M Bewley ◽  
Robert E Boyce ◽  
Jeremy Hockin ◽  
Lene Munksgaard ◽  
Susan D Eicher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Milk Cows ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk

Time spent lying by lactating Holstein-Friesian cows of varying body condition scores (BCS) and milk yield was measured using an animal activity monitor. A 3-week average BCS was calculated for each cow; and in total, 84 cows were selected with 28 cows each among three BCS categories (Thin: BCS<2·75; Moderate: 2·75⩾BCS<3·25; Heavy: BCS⩾3·25) and two stage of lactation categories (<150 days in milk or >150 days in milk). Cows were kept in two management systems: parlour/freestall (n=60) or automated milking system/freestall (n=24). Behaviour was recorded for 5·3±0·1 d for each cow. Production levels were considered using a 28-d rolling average of daily milk production. Cows that exhibited clinical lameness before or during the observation period were excluded from analyses. For cows exhibiting oestrus, the day prior to, day of, and day following breeding were removed. The final analysis included 77 cows (408 d of observation). A mixed model was fitted to describe average daily hours spent lying. Results demonstrated that lying time increased as days in milk (DIM) increased (P=0·05). Variables that were tested but not significant (P>0·05) were BCS category, parity category (1 or ⩾2) and 28-d rolling average daily milk production. Although a numerical trend for increasing hours spent lying with increasing BCS was observed, after accounting for other factors in the mixed model, BCS did not significantly impact lying time. Continued investigation of these management factors that impact lying time and bouts, using new technologies, more cows, and more herds will help dairy owners better manage facilities and cow movements to optimize this essential behaviour.

Association of production factors with milk IgA and IgM concentrations in normal lactating cows

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengguo Zhao ◽  
Chungang Zhang ◽  
Jiaqi Wang ◽  
Dengpan Bu ◽  
Guanglei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Chinese Holstein Cows ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk

Concentrations of IgA and IgM in milk from normal lactating cows were measured to determine whether they were affected by lactation number, lactation stage, daily milk production, milk composition and somatic cell score (SCS). A total of 284 Chinese Holstein cows showing no signs of mastitis were selected from more than 1600 cows from one farm. Concentrations of IgA and IgM in normal milk were determined by ELISA. Results revealed that average milk IgA and IgM concentrations were 235±11 and 32±3 μg/ml, respectively. IgA and IgM concentrations in milk were found to have an association with lactation number, stage of lactation, daily milk production and SCS. Both SCS and daily milk production were found to be strong significant (P<0·01) direct factors correlating to IgA concentration. Stage of lactation and SCS were found to be strong significant (P<0·01) direct factors correlating to IgM concentration.

A consideration of the techniques for estimation of milk yield by suckled sheep and a comparison of estimates obtained by two methods in relation to the effect of breed, level of production and stage of lactation

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Doney ◽  
J. N. Peart ◽  
W. F. Smith ◽  
F. Louda
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

SummaryThree techniques, lamb-suckling and test-weighing, hand- or machine-milking following administration of oxytocin, and measurements of body-water turnover, used for the estimation of milk yield in suckled sheep are discussed in relation to sources of error and comparability of estimates.Results are presented from an experiment in which the lamb-suckling and the oxytocin techniques were compared. The mean daily milk production of Scottish Blackface and East Friesland × Scottish Blackface ewes suckling single and twin lambs was measured by both methods at weekly intervals for 6 weeks. All ewes were well nourished to ensure full expression of milking capacity. Additional information from a similar experiment on Merino ewes is also presented.The oxytocin method gave higher estimates of mean daily milk yield in the first week of lactation, especially in the groups of ewes rearing single lambs and in the Blackface breed. By the second week in most groups and the third week in all groups there were no significant differences between estimates made by the two methods and the relative values of the estimates were not affected by level of milk production, number of lambs suckled or genotype of ewe and lamb.

Effects of feeding peas to high-producing dairy cows

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Corbett ◽  
L. A. Goonewardene ◽  
E. K. Okine
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Nutrient Analyses ◽  
Protein Milk

The effect of substituting peas for soybean and canola meals as a protein source in a high-producing dairy herd was studied in 66 Holstein cows, divided into two groups based on stage of lactation, parity, level of milk production and days in milk. Two 18.5% crude protein grain concentrate diets were formulated based on the nutrient analyses of the forages available. The control grain mix contained standard protein sources, principally soybean and canola meal (SBM\CM) while the test grain mix was formulated to contain approximately 25% field peas as the major source of protein. Both grain rations were formulated to the same nutrient specifications and balanced for undegradable protein. The duration of the trial was 6 mo during which grain feeding levels were adjusted monthly based on milk yield. For cows in early lactation, 4% fat-corrected milk yield was higher (P < 0.05) for cows fed pea based concentrates (31.3 kg d−1) than for cows fed SBM\CM supplement (29.7 kg d−1). Fat-corrected milk yield was not affected by source of protein in mid- and late-lactation cows. Fat-corrected milk production was not different (P > 0.05) for cows fed SBM\CM compared with cows fed the pea supplement when cows across all stages of lactation were included in the analyses. Milk fat percent was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for early- and mid-lactation cows fed the pea supplement. The results suggest that peas can be substituted for SBM\CM as a protein source for high-producing dairy cows. Key words: Dairy cow, pea, soybean and canola meal supplement, undegradable protein, milk production

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BLOOD METABOLIC PROFILES AND MILK YIELD ASSOCIATED WITH PARITY AND STAGE OF LACTATION IN CROSSBRED DAIRY COWS IN BANGLADESH

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Naher ◽  
M. A. Samad ◽  
S. H. M. F. Siddiki ◽  
M. T. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

Background: Cattle cross-breeding program has been launched throughout Bangladesh but this program has still focused mainly on biological rather than economic evaluation. Currently, 30000 dairy farms with mainly cross-bred cows are in operation throughout the country and this intensive dairy farming system with high milk yielding dairy cows is supposed to be associated with high incidence of sub-clinical nutritional and metabolic diseases. Objectives: The objective of this study was to detect the relationship between major blood metabolic profiles and milk yield associated with parity and stage of lactation in cross-bred dairy cows. Materials and Methods: Blood samples of 220 apparently healthy lactating cross-bred dairy cows (HF x L, n = 190; SH x L, n = 20 and JS x L, n = 10) of 10 dairy herds were collected for metabolic profile test (MPT) in Bangladesh during the period from July to November 2016. The major metabolic profiles which are associated with milk fever (calcium, phosphorus & magnesium) and ketosis (glucose) were considered in this study. These biochemical parameters were estimated to detect the influence of risk factors including herds, breeds, parities and lactation age of cross-bred lactating dairy cows by using the commercial kits in spectrophotometer method. Results: The evaluation of the biochemical constituents of 220 cross-bred lactating dairy cows revealed that 30% (n = 66) had hypocalcaemia and 20.45% (n = 45) had hypoglycemia. Significantly lower levels of average calcium (7.93 ± 0.36 mg/dl; p < 0.024) and glucose (43.44 ± 3.63 mg/dl; p < 0.0001) values were recorded in HF x L cross-bred dairy herd of BAUDF, Mymensingh in comparison to other investigated nine dairy herds. The highest milk yield was recorded at 7th parity (16 +- 0.91 liter / day) and 1st week of lactation (17.33 +- 1.09 liter / day) were associated with low mean calcium (8.09 +- 0.85 mg / dl; 6.68 +- 0.13 mg/dl) and glucose (36.45 +- 7.67 mg/dl; 32.31 +- 3.90 mg / dl) levels in comparison to the respective values of different parity and lactation weeks. Conclusions: A relationship between blood metabolic profiles and milk yield associated with herd, breed, parity and lactation stages was recorded in lactating crossbred dairy cows. The evaluation of blood metabolites at different stages of lactation cycle especially at transition period is required to detect the nutritional and metabolic health for optimum milk production and to achieve maximum reproductive potential of high yielding dairy cattle. The readily available milk samples could be used as a biological fluid to monitor the health and nutritional status of dairy cows by using mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy method to prevent sub-clinical metabolic disorders. Therefore, well developed laboratories with necessary equipment, test kits and reagent should be provided to perform MPT in both the blood and milk samples for practical uses. Keywords: Compton metabolic profile test, Metabolic profile, Lactating cross-bred cows, Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Glucose, Parity, Lactation stages

Relationship between udder and teat conformation and milk yield performance in dairy cows pre- and post-milking

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilufer Sabuncuoglu ◽  
Omer Coban
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Absolute Reduction ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship between udder floor area (UFA) and milk production traits in dairy cows, pre- and post-milking, as well as to examine the usefulness of a simple method of measuring UFA. The absolute reduction (AR, cm2) and relative reduction (RR, %) in UFA post-milking relative to pre-milking was calculated. Absolute reduction was influenced by breed and lactation stage, but not by parity of the cows (P < 0.05). There was no effect of breed and stage of lactation on the RR of UFA. Moderate correlations were observed between absolute reduction of UFA and daily milk yield (r2 = 0.422), lactation milk yield (r2 = 0.426), and absolute fat yield (r2 = 0.515) (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). Moderate and weak correlations were found between RR of UFA and daily milk yield (r2 = 0.335) (P < 0.01), AR of the udder area and the 305-d lactation milk yield (r2 = 0.326) (P < 0.10). It was concluded that measuring UFA using the method described may be useful for the selection of dairy cattle mammary conformation traits. Key words: Dairy cow, udder and teat conformation, milk production traits, measurement technique

Variability of reduced glutathione levels in Massese ewes and its effect on daily milk production

1988 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Rizzi ◽  
Anna Caroli ◽  
Patrizia Bolla ◽  
Anna Acciaioli ◽  
Giulio Pagnacco
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Glutathione Level ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Erythrocyte Concentration ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk

SummaryThe variability of the erythrocyte concentration of the tripeptide glutathione was studied in four flocks of Massese sheep. A relationship was found between glutathione level and stage of lactation in which the second month showed the lowest content. Genotype at transferrin and haemoglobin loci was associated with glutathione levels. Homozygotes at the transferrin locus yielded higher levels, while the D allele at the same locus was associated with lower concentrations. Animals with haemoglobin AA showed higher contents of glutathione. Also, a negative correlation was found between daily milk production and glutathione level.

Lactational characteristics of imported British Friesian cattle in Western Nigeria

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Adeneye ◽  
Adetowun K. Adebanjo
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Small Peak ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Lifetime Number ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Friesian Cattle ◽  
Daily Milk

SummaryDuring the period 1962–73, the majority of the 92 lactations of imported British Friesian animals were initiated during the dry season (October–March). The following average values were obtained: lifetime number of lactations, 4·5; lifetime milk production, 9392 kg; age at producing first live calf, 39·6 months; milk yield of nine lactations, 2159 kg; lactation length, 336·5 days; daily milk yield, 6·3 kg; 305-day milk yield, 2012 kg; dry period, 173 days.Milk production was highest in the fourth lactation when the animals averaged 7 years old. Differences in milk yield among lactations were small. Peak daily milk yield was greatest in the third lactation and was reached within the first 21 days of each of the first four lactations. A second but lower peak with the highest milk production persistencies at a later stage of lactation apparently depended on feed availability. The 305-day milk yield was reasonably predicted from the 100- and 200-day yields.Lactations subsequent to abortions and stillbirths were slightly longer, gave less milk (P > 0·05) and were followed by longer dry periods than those initiated by normal births.

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